❖ Extracted from: Ṣaḥīḥ Namāz-e-Nabawī ﷺ, authored by Shaykh ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ʿAzīz, published by Maktabah Dār al-Andalus
✿ The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
خيرُ يومٍ طلعتْ عليهِ الشّمسُ يومُ الجمعةِ، فيهِ خُلِقَ آدمُ، وفيهِ أُدخِلَ الجنَّةَ، وفيهِ أُخرِجَ منها، ولا تقومُ السّاعةُ إلّا في يومِ الجمعةِ
“The best day upon which the sun rises is Friday. On this day, Ādam was created, admitted into Paradise, expelled from it, and the Hour will not occur except on a Friday.”
[Muslim, Book of Jumuʿah, Chapter: The Virtue of Friday – 854/18]
✿ Friday is an Eid for the Muslims. Ibn al-Zubayr رضي الله عنه once said when Eid fell on a Friday:
عيدانِ اجتمعا في يومٍ واحدٍ
“Two Eids have gathered on one day.”
[Abū Dāwūd, Book of Jumuʿah, Chapter: If Friday coincides with Eid – 1072. Ṣaḥīḥ]
✿ The Prophet ﷺ said:
سيد الأيام يوم الجمعة
“Friday is the master of all days.”
[al-Mustadrak al-Ḥākim: 1/277, Ḥadīth: 1026 – Ḥasan li-dhātihī]
✿ The Prophet ﷺ said:
في يومِ الجمعةِ ساعةٌ لا يُوافِقُها عبدٌ مسلمٌ وهو قائمٌ يصلِّي، يسألُ اللهَ تعالى شيئًا إلَّا أعطاهُ إيَّاهُ
“On Friday, there is a moment during which, if a Muslim is praying and asks Allah for something good, He will grant it to him.”
[Bukhārī: 6400, Muslim: 852/14]
✿ Another narration states:
هي ما بين أن يجلسَ الإمامُ إلى أن تُقضى الصَّلاةُ
“It is from the time the Imām sits [on the minbar] until the prayer is concluded.”
[Muslim: 853]
✿ In other authentic narrations:
هي آخرُ ساعةٍ من النهارِ
“It is the last hour of the day.”
[Ibn Mājah: 1139, Musnad Aḥmad: 5/351, Ḥadīth: 23843 – Ṣaḥīḥ]
✿ And:
فالتمِسوها آخرَ ساعةٍ بعدَ العصرِ
“Seek it during the last hour after ʿAṣr.”
[Abū Dāwūd: 1048 – Ṣaḥīḥ]
➤ Conclusion: This blessed hour lies somewhere between post-Ẓuhr and before Maghrib, most likely in the last hour before sunset. (And Allah knows best)
✿ The Prophet ﷺ said:
“Whoever performs ghusl, then proceeds for Friday, offers prayer as much as possible, listens attentively to the khuṭbah until it concludes, and then joins the congregational prayer, his sins between that Jumuʿah and the next – plus three additional days – will be forgiven.”
[Muslim: 857]
✿ He ﷺ also said:
“Whoever performs ghusl on Friday, goes early, walks and does not ride, sits near the Imām, listens attentively without engaging in idle talk, will receive the reward of fasting and praying at night for every step taken – equal to one whole year.”
[Abū Dāwūd: 345, Tirmidhī: 496, Ibn Mājah: 1087 – Ṣaḥīḥ]
✿ Another narration:
“Whoever goes for Jumuʿah in the first hour, it is as if he sacrificed a camel; the second hour – a cow; the third – a ram; the fourth – a hen; the fifth – an egg. Once the Imām appears, the angels close their records and begin listening to the khuṭbah.”
[Bukhārī: 881, 929; Muslim: 850]
✿ Qur’ānic Command:
﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِن يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَىٰ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ﴾
“O you who believe! When the call for prayer is made on Friday, hasten to the remembrance of Allah.”
[al-Jumuʿah: 9]
✿ The Prophet ﷺ said:
على كلِّ مُحتلِمٍ رواحُ الجمعةِ
“It is obligatory upon every adult to go for Friday.”
[Abū Dāwūd: 342 – Ṣaḥīḥ]
✿ The Prophet ﷺ said:
الجمعةُ حقٌّ واجبٌ على كلِّ مسلمٍ في جماعةٍ إلا أربعةً: عبدٌ مملوكٌ، أو امرأةٌ، أو صبيٌّ، أو مريضٌ
“Jumuʿah is an obligation upon every Muslim in congregation, except: a slave, a woman, a child, or a sick person.”
[Abū Dāwūd: 1067, al-Ḥākim: 1/288, Ḥadīth: 1062 – Ṣaḥīḥ]
✔ Those exempted may attend, and it is encouraged for their spiritual training.
✔ Valid excuses include:
➊ Travel: The Prophet ﷺ offered Ẓuhr during Ḥajj at ʿArafah instead of Jumuʿah. [Muslim: 1218]
➋ Fear: [Abū Dāwūd: 1001]
➌ Rain: [Bukhārī: 901, Muslim: 699]
➍ Coinciding with Eid: Those who performed Eid are excused from Jumuʿah, though the Imām should still offer it. [Abū Dāwūd: 1070]
✿ Those who miss Jumuʿah must pray Ẓuhr.
✿ The Prophet ﷺ warned:
“People must stop neglecting Jumuʿah, otherwise Allah will seal their hearts and they will become heedless.”
[Muslim: 865]
✿ He also said:
“Whoever neglects three Jumuʿahs out of negligence, Allah seals his heart.”
[Abū Dāwūd: 1052, Tirmidhī: 500 – Ṣaḥīḥ]
✿ He said:
“I considered ordering someone to lead prayer, and then burning the houses of men who missed Jumuʿah without excuse.”
[Muslim: 652]
✔ Sūrah Recitation in Fajr:
He would recite Sūrah al-Sajdah and Sūrah al-Insān. [Bukhārī: 891, Muslim: 880]
✔ Reciting Sūrah al-Kahf:
“Whoever recites Sūrah al-Kahf on Friday will be granted light until the next Friday.”
[al-Ḥākim: 2/368, Ḥadīth: 3392 – Ṣaḥīḥ]
✔ Fasting Only on Friday Is Prohibited:
“Do not fast on Friday alone unless preceded or followed by another fast.”
[Bukhārī: 1985, Muslim: 1144]
✔ Exclusive Night Worship Prohibited:
“Do not single out Friday night for night prayer over other nights.”
[Muslim: 1144]
➤ No Sharʿī condition requires Islamic government or urban location.
The command is general:
﴿فَاسْعَوْا إِلَىٰ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ﴾ – [al-Jumuʿah: 9]
✿ The Prophet ﷺ:
على كل محتلم رواح الجمعة
“Every adult must go for Jumuʿah.” [Abū Dāwūd: 342 – Ṣaḥīḥ]
• The Prophet ﷺ sent Muṣʿab ibn ʿUmayr رضي الله عنه to establish Jumuʿah in Madinah before hijrah.
[Irwāʾ al-Ghalīl: 3/68 – Ḥasan]
• Asʿad ibn Zurārah رضي الله عنه initiated Jumuʿah in Banū Bayāḍah before the Prophet ﷺ’s arrival.
[Abū Dāwūd: 1069 – Ḥasan]
• The Prophet ﷺ led the first Jumuʿah in Banū Sālim.
[Akhbār al-Madīnah: 1/68]
• Jumuʿah was held in Jawāthī (village in Baḥrayn) after the Prophet ﷺ.
[Bukhārī: 4371, 892]
• Ruzaīq ibn Ḥakīm رضي الله عنه was ordered to establish Jumuʿah among his workers.
[Bukhārī: 893]
• ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb رضي الله عنه instructed:
جمعوا حيثما كنتم – “Offer Jumuʿah wherever you are.”
[Muṣannaf Ibn Abī Shaybah: 1/440, Ḥadīth: 5068]
• Imām al-Layth ibn Saʿd: Jumuʿah held in villages during ʿUmar and ʿUthmān’s caliphate.
[al-Sunan al-Kubrā al-Bayhaqī: 3/254]
• Jumuʿah is valid wherever Muslims gather – be it fields, ships, or military barracks.
There is no text requiring public accessibility or government authorization.
There is no authentic limit from Qurʾān or Sunnah:
• Some scholars said 40, others 12, 3, or even 1 follower suffices.
• Shaykh al-Albānī: All such ḥadīths are weak.
[Irwāʾ al-Ghalīl: 3/69]
• Imām al-Shawkānī: Jumuʿah needs no specific number—just a khuṭbah and listener.
[Nayl al-Awṭār: 3/276]
No. There is no such condition in Qurʾān or Sunnah.
Even those who claim so contradict themselves by leading Jumuʿah without such authority.
• During winter: Earlier
• During summer: Later
[al-Bukhārī: 906]
• It was offered right after zawāl (sun's zenith).
[Muslim: 859]
• There was barely any shadow after the Prophet ﷺ concluded prayer.
[Bukhārī: 4168, Muslim: 860]
Originally, one adhān was given after the Imām sat on the minbar.
✿ al-Sāʾib ibn Yazīd:
“In the time of the Prophet ﷺ, Abū Bakr and ʿUmar, the adhān was called when the Imām sat. ʿUthmān added a third adhān at al-Zawrāʾ due to crowding.”
[Bukhārī: 916]
✔ This was an administrative measure, not a religious innovation. Today, if necessary, an outdoor adhān may be given—but two adhāns inside the mosque should be avoided. (And Allah knows best)
❖ The Excellence of Yawm al-Jumuʿah (Friday)
✿ The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
خيرُ يومٍ طلعتْ عليهِ الشّمسُ يومُ الجمعةِ، فيهِ خُلِقَ آدمُ، وفيهِ أُدخِلَ الجنَّةَ، وفيهِ أُخرِجَ منها، ولا تقومُ السّاعةُ إلّا في يومِ الجمعةِ
“The best day upon which the sun rises is Friday. On this day, Ādam was created, admitted into Paradise, expelled from it, and the Hour will not occur except on a Friday.”
[Muslim, Book of Jumuʿah, Chapter: The Virtue of Friday – 854/18]
✿ Friday is an Eid for the Muslims. Ibn al-Zubayr رضي الله عنه once said when Eid fell on a Friday:
عيدانِ اجتمعا في يومٍ واحدٍ
“Two Eids have gathered on one day.”
[Abū Dāwūd, Book of Jumuʿah, Chapter: If Friday coincides with Eid – 1072. Ṣaḥīḥ]
✿ The Prophet ﷺ said:
سيد الأيام يوم الجمعة
“Friday is the master of all days.”
[al-Mustadrak al-Ḥākim: 1/277, Ḥadīth: 1026 – Ḥasan li-dhātihī]
❖ The Hour of Acceptance on Friday
✿ The Prophet ﷺ said:
في يومِ الجمعةِ ساعةٌ لا يُوافِقُها عبدٌ مسلمٌ وهو قائمٌ يصلِّي، يسألُ اللهَ تعالى شيئًا إلَّا أعطاهُ إيَّاهُ
“On Friday, there is a moment during which, if a Muslim is praying and asks Allah for something good, He will grant it to him.”
[Bukhārī: 6400, Muslim: 852/14]
✿ Another narration states:
هي ما بين أن يجلسَ الإمامُ إلى أن تُقضى الصَّلاةُ
“It is from the time the Imām sits [on the minbar] until the prayer is concluded.”
[Muslim: 853]
✿ In other authentic narrations:
هي آخرُ ساعةٍ من النهارِ
“It is the last hour of the day.”
[Ibn Mājah: 1139, Musnad Aḥmad: 5/351, Ḥadīth: 23843 – Ṣaḥīḥ]
✿ And:
فالتمِسوها آخرَ ساعةٍ بعدَ العصرِ
“Seek it during the last hour after ʿAṣr.”
[Abū Dāwūd: 1048 – Ṣaḥīḥ]
➤ Conclusion: This blessed hour lies somewhere between post-Ẓuhr and before Maghrib, most likely in the last hour before sunset. (And Allah knows best)
❖ Virtues of Attending Jumuʿah
✿ The Prophet ﷺ said:
“Whoever performs ghusl, then proceeds for Friday, offers prayer as much as possible, listens attentively to the khuṭbah until it concludes, and then joins the congregational prayer, his sins between that Jumuʿah and the next – plus three additional days – will be forgiven.”
[Muslim: 857]
✿ He ﷺ also said:
“Whoever performs ghusl on Friday, goes early, walks and does not ride, sits near the Imām, listens attentively without engaging in idle talk, will receive the reward of fasting and praying at night for every step taken – equal to one whole year.”
[Abū Dāwūd: 345, Tirmidhī: 496, Ibn Mājah: 1087 – Ṣaḥīḥ]
✿ Another narration:
“Whoever goes for Jumuʿah in the first hour, it is as if he sacrificed a camel; the second hour – a cow; the third – a ram; the fourth – a hen; the fifth – an egg. Once the Imām appears, the angels close their records and begin listening to the khuṭbah.”
[Bukhārī: 881, 929; Muslim: 850]
❖ Obligation of Jumuʿah
✿ Qur’ānic Command:
﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِن يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَىٰ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ﴾
“O you who believe! When the call for prayer is made on Friday, hasten to the remembrance of Allah.”
[al-Jumuʿah: 9]
✿ The Prophet ﷺ said:
على كلِّ مُحتلِمٍ رواحُ الجمعةِ
“It is obligatory upon every adult to go for Friday.”
[Abū Dāwūd: 342 – Ṣaḥīḥ]
❖ Exemptions from Jumuʿah
✿ The Prophet ﷺ said:
الجمعةُ حقٌّ واجبٌ على كلِّ مسلمٍ في جماعةٍ إلا أربعةً: عبدٌ مملوكٌ، أو امرأةٌ، أو صبيٌّ، أو مريضٌ
“Jumuʿah is an obligation upon every Muslim in congregation, except: a slave, a woman, a child, or a sick person.”
[Abū Dāwūd: 1067, al-Ḥākim: 1/288, Ḥadīth: 1062 – Ṣaḥīḥ]
✔ Those exempted may attend, and it is encouraged for their spiritual training.
❖ When Jumuʿah May Be Excused
✔ Valid excuses include:
➊ Travel: The Prophet ﷺ offered Ẓuhr during Ḥajj at ʿArafah instead of Jumuʿah. [Muslim: 1218]
➋ Fear: [Abū Dāwūd: 1001]
➌ Rain: [Bukhārī: 901, Muslim: 699]
➍ Coinciding with Eid: Those who performed Eid are excused from Jumuʿah, though the Imām should still offer it. [Abū Dāwūd: 1070]
✿ Those who miss Jumuʿah must pray Ẓuhr.
❖ Severe Warning for Missing Jumuʿah
✿ The Prophet ﷺ warned:
“People must stop neglecting Jumuʿah, otherwise Allah will seal their hearts and they will become heedless.”
[Muslim: 865]
✿ He also said:
“Whoever neglects three Jumuʿahs out of negligence, Allah seals his heart.”
[Abū Dāwūd: 1052, Tirmidhī: 500 – Ṣaḥīḥ]
✿ He said:
“I considered ordering someone to lead prayer, and then burning the houses of men who missed Jumuʿah without excuse.”
[Muslim: 652]
❖ Practices of the Prophet ﷺ on Friday
✔ Sūrah Recitation in Fajr:
He would recite Sūrah al-Sajdah and Sūrah al-Insān. [Bukhārī: 891, Muslim: 880]
✔ Reciting Sūrah al-Kahf:
“Whoever recites Sūrah al-Kahf on Friday will be granted light until the next Friday.”
[al-Ḥākim: 2/368, Ḥadīth: 3392 – Ṣaḥīḥ]
✔ Fasting Only on Friday Is Prohibited:
“Do not fast on Friday alone unless preceded or followed by another fast.”
[Bukhārī: 1985, Muslim: 1144]
✔ Exclusive Night Worship Prohibited:
“Do not single out Friday night for night prayer over other nights.”
[Muslim: 1144]
❖ Where Can Jumuʿah Be Performed?
➤ No Sharʿī condition requires Islamic government or urban location.
The command is general:
﴿فَاسْعَوْا إِلَىٰ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ﴾ – [al-Jumuʿah: 9]
✿ The Prophet ﷺ:
على كل محتلم رواح الجمعة
“Every adult must go for Jumuʿah.” [Abū Dāwūd: 342 – Ṣaḥīḥ]
✔ Jumuʿah in Non-Muslim Lands:
• The Prophet ﷺ sent Muṣʿab ibn ʿUmayr رضي الله عنه to establish Jumuʿah in Madinah before hijrah.
[Irwāʾ al-Ghalīl: 3/68 – Ḥasan]
• Asʿad ibn Zurārah رضي الله عنه initiated Jumuʿah in Banū Bayāḍah before the Prophet ﷺ’s arrival.
[Abū Dāwūd: 1069 – Ḥasan]
• The Prophet ﷺ led the first Jumuʿah in Banū Sālim.
[Akhbār al-Madīnah: 1/68]
✔ Villages and Remote Areas:
• Jumuʿah was held in Jawāthī (village in Baḥrayn) after the Prophet ﷺ.
[Bukhārī: 4371, 892]
• Ruzaīq ibn Ḥakīm رضي الله عنه was ordered to establish Jumuʿah among his workers.
[Bukhārī: 893]
• ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb رضي الله عنه instructed:
جمعوا حيثما كنتم – “Offer Jumuʿah wherever you are.”
[Muṣannaf Ibn Abī Shaybah: 1/440, Ḥadīth: 5068]
• Imām al-Layth ibn Saʿd: Jumuʿah held in villages during ʿUmar and ʿUthmān’s caliphate.
[al-Sunan al-Kubrā al-Bayhaqī: 3/254]
✔ Open Fields, Ships, Military Camps:
• Jumuʿah is valid wherever Muslims gather – be it fields, ships, or military barracks.
There is no text requiring public accessibility or government authorization.
❖ Number of Attendees Required?
There is no authentic limit from Qurʾān or Sunnah:
• Some scholars said 40, others 12, 3, or even 1 follower suffices.
• Shaykh al-Albānī: All such ḥadīths are weak.
[Irwāʾ al-Ghalīl: 3/69]
• Imām al-Shawkānī: Jumuʿah needs no specific number—just a khuṭbah and listener.
[Nayl al-Awṭār: 3/276]
❖ Is Government Authority Required for Jumuʿah?
No. There is no such condition in Qurʾān or Sunnah.
Even those who claim so contradict themselves by leading Jumuʿah without such authority.
❖ Timing of Jumuʿah
• During winter: Earlier
• During summer: Later
[al-Bukhārī: 906]
• It was offered right after zawāl (sun's zenith).
[Muslim: 859]
• There was barely any shadow after the Prophet ﷺ concluded prayer.
[Bukhārī: 4168, Muslim: 860]
❖ Number of Adhān for Jumuʿah
Originally, one adhān was given after the Imām sat on the minbar.
✿ al-Sāʾib ibn Yazīd:
“In the time of the Prophet ﷺ, Abū Bakr and ʿUmar, the adhān was called when the Imām sat. ʿUthmān added a third adhān at al-Zawrāʾ due to crowding.”
[Bukhārī: 916]
✔ This was an administrative measure, not a religious innovation. Today, if necessary, an outdoor adhān may be given—but two adhāns inside the mosque should be avoided. (And Allah knows best)
