Author: Abu Sadiq Ashiq Ali Athari (Hafidhahullah)
All praise is due to Allah, and blessings and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah, his family, his companions, and those who follow his guidance. To proceed:
This brief reminder discusses the virtues of fasting and praying during Ramadan, striving in righteous deeds during this blessed month, and some rulings that some people may not be aware of.
It is established from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) that he used to give the good news of the arrival of Ramadan to his Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) and inform them that this is a month during which the gates of mercy and paradise are opened, the gates of hell are closed, and the devils are chained. The Prophet (peace be upon him) used to say:
"When the first night of Ramadan comes, the gates of Paradise are opened, and not a single gate remains closed, and the gates of Hell are closed, and not a single gate remains open, and the devils are chained. A caller calls out: 'O seeker of good, come forward, and O seeker of evil, desist.' And Allah has those whom He frees from the Fire, and this happens every night." [Authentic: Sahih Sunan Tirmidhi, Fasting, Chapter on the Virtue of Ramadan, No. 549 and 685, narrated by Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him), Sahih Sunan Ibn Majah: Fasting, Chapter on the Virtue of Ramadan, No. 1331 and 1642, Sahih Al-Jami' Al-Saghir Wa Ziyadatihi, No. 759]
He (peace be upon him) also said:
"Whoever fasts in Ramadan out of faith and in hope of reward, his previous sins will be forgiven. And whoever prays in Ramadan out of faith and in hope of reward, his previous sins will be forgiven. And whoever stands in prayer during Laylat al-Qadr out of faith and in hope of reward, his previous sins will be forgiven." [Authentic: Sahih Bukhari with Al-Fath, Chapter on the Virtue of Laylat al-Qadr, No. 2014, narrated by Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him), and the portion "Whoever stands in Ramadan" is in Sahih Muslim, Chapter on the Encouragement for Standing in Prayer during Ramadan, No. 173, 174, 175, 759]
The Prophet (peace be upon him) also said that Allah the Exalted says:
"All the deeds of the son of Adam are for him, except for fasting, which is for Me, and I will reward him for it. He abandons his desire, food, and drink for My sake. The fasting person has two moments of joy: one when he breaks his fast and the other when he meets his Lord. The breath of the fasting person is sweeter to Allah than the fragrance of musk." [Authentic: Sahih Bukhari, Fasting, Chapter on the Virtue of Fasting, No. 1894 and 1904, narrated by Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him), Sahih Muslim, Fasting, Chapter on the Virtue of Fasting, No. 161, 163, 164, 165, 1151]
There are many Hadiths regarding the virtues of fasting and praying during Ramadan and fasting in general. Therefore, it is appropriate for the believer to appreciate this opportunity granted by Allah by making the most of this blessed month, excelling in obedience, avoiding all evil, and diligently fulfilling the obligations, especially the five daily prayers, which are the pillar of Islam and a major obligation after the declaration of faith. It is obligatory for every Muslim man and woman to safeguard these prayers, maintain consistency, and perform them with humility, tranquility, and at their appointed times. For men, one of the important obligations regarding prayer is to perform it in congregation in the houses of Allah (mosques), as commanded by Allah the Almighty:
"And establish prayer and give zakah and bow with those who bow [in worship and obedience]." [Quran, 2:43]
And He also said:
"Maintain with care the [obligatory] prayers and [in particular] the middle prayer and stand before Allah, devoutly obedient." [Quran, 2:238]
And in another place, He says:
"Certainly will the believers have succeeded. They who are during their prayer humbly submissive." [Quran, 23:1-2]
He further says:
"And they who carefully maintain their prayers - those are the inheritors who will inherit al-Firdaus. They will abide therein eternally." [Quran, 23:9-11]
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
"The covenant that distinguishes between us and them is prayer; whoever abandons it has committed disbelief." [Authentic: Sahih Sunan Tirmidhi, Chapters on Faith, Chapter on Abandoning Prayer, No. 2113 and 2769, narrated by Buraidah (may Allah be pleased with him), Sahih Sunan Nasa’i, Prayer, Chapter on the Ruling on the One Who Abandons Prayer, No. 449, Sahih Sunan Ibn Majah, Establishing Prayer and the Sunnah Regarding It, No. 884, 1079, Sahih Al-Jami', No. 4143, Sahih Al-Targhib, Prayer, Chapter on Warning Against Deliberately Abandoning Prayer, No. 561]
After prayer, the next important obligation is paying zakah, as Allah the Almighty says:
"And they were not commanded except to worship Allah, [being] sincere to Him in religion, inclining to truth, and to establish prayer and to give zakah. And that is the correct religion." [Quran, 98:5]
Both the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) indicate that those who do not pay the zakah on their wealth will face punishment on the Day of Judgment.
After prayer and zakah, the next most important duty is fasting during Ramadan, which is one of the five pillars of Islam, as the Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
"Islam is built upon five [pillars]: testifying that there is no deity except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establishing prayer, giving zakah, fasting in Ramadan, and performing pilgrimage to the House (Hajj)." [Authentic: Sahih Bukhari, Book 2, Chapter on Inviting towards Faith, No. 8, narrated by Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), Sahih Muslim, Chapter on the Pillars of Islam, No. 19, 20, 21, 22]
A Muslim must protect his fasting from the actions and speech that Allah has forbidden, as the purpose of fasting is to draw closer to Allah, respect His prohibitions, and discipline oneself by abstaining from desires for the sake of Allah. Fasting is not merely about abstaining from food and drink; rather, it includes guarding oneself from sinful speech and behavior, as mentioned in the Hadith of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him):
"Fasting is a shield. On the day when any of you is fasting, he should neither indulge in obscene language nor raise his voice in anger. If someone abuses him or fights with him, he should say, 'I am fasting.'” [Authentic: Sahih Bukhari, Fasting, Chapter on Saying ‘I am Fasting’ if Abused, No. 1904, narrated by Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him), Sahih Muslim, Fasting, Chapter on the Virtue of Fasting, No. 163, 1151]
In another Hadith, the Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
"Whoever does not abandon false speech and acting upon it, Allah has no need of him leaving his food and drink." [Authentic: Sahih Bukhari, Book of Manners, Chapter on Avoiding False Speech, No. 6057, narrated by Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him)]
From these and similar texts, it is clear that a fasting person must avoid all that Allah has forbidden and observe all that He has obligated. Only then can he hope for forgiveness, freedom from Hell, and the acceptance of his fasting and prayers.
All praise is due to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and peace and blessings upon His best Messenger and the seal of His Prophets, Muhammad, his family, companions, and those who follow them in goodness until the Day of Judgment.
It is observed that the parts of machinery and vehicles created by humans become loose due to the roughness of the road, sometimes leading to significant breakdowns that necessitate service and repair. That is why manufacturing companies recommend regular servicing of vehicles after a certain mileage or time. When these repairs are completed according to their guidelines, the vehicles return to their tasks with renewed vigor. The same is true for our life's journey. Allah has stated the purpose of our creation:
"And I did not create the jinn and mankind except to worship Me." [Quran, 51:56]
Our life's journey also needs occasional maintenance and renewal due to the traps and deceptions of Satan. Therefore, Allah, the All-Knowing, has blessed certain days, nights, times, and places with special virtue and blessings. Recognizing their significance, Muslims can benefit from them, rejuvenate their lives, and renew their commitment to fulfilling their divine duties. Ramadan is among these blessed times, offering opportunities for believers to improve their worship and draw closer to Allah.
“O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous. [Fasting for] a limited number of days. So whoever among you is ill or on a journey [during them] - then an equal number of days [are to be made up]. And upon those who are able [to fast, but with hardship] - a ransom [as substitute] of feeding a poor person [each day]. And whoever volunteers excess - it is better for him. But to fast is best for you, if you only knew.”
[Qur'an, 2:183-184]
And He says:
“The month of Ramadan [is that] in which was revealed the Qur'an, a guidance for the people and clear proofs of guidance and criterion. So whoever sights [the new moon of] the month, let him fast it; and whoever is ill or on a journey - then an equal number of other days. Allah intends for you ease and does not intend for you hardship and [wants] for you to complete the period and to glorify Allah for that [to] which He has guided you, and perhaps you will be grateful.”
[Qur'an, 2:185]
It is narrated from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:
“Islam is built upon five [pillars]: ① Testifying that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and His Messenger, ② Establishing prayer, ③ Giving zakat (obligatory charity), ④ Performing pilgrimage to the House (Kaaba), and ⑤ Fasting in Ramadan.”
[Sahih Bukhari, Book 2, Chapter on Inviting Towards Faith, No. 8; Sahih Muslim, Book of Faith, Chapter on the Explanation of the Pillars of Islam, No. 16, 20]
It is also narrated by Talha bin Ubaidullah (may Allah be pleased with him):
“A bedouin with disheveled hair came to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and said: ‘O Messenger of Allah! Tell me what Allah has made obligatory upon me in terms of prayers.’ He said: ‘The five daily prayers, unless you offer anything extra.’ The man said: ‘Tell me what Allah has made obligatory upon me in terms of fasting.’ He said: ‘The month of Ramadan, unless you fast more voluntarily.’ The man further asked: ‘Tell me what Allah has made obligatory upon me in terms of Zakat.’ The narrator said: Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) informed him of the laws of Islam. The man said: ‘By the One Who has honored you, I will not perform any more than this nor will I reduce from what Allah has made obligatory upon me.’ The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) then said: ‘He will succeed if he speaks the truth,’ or ‘He will enter Paradise if he speaks the truth.’”
[Sahih Bukhari, Book of Fasting, Chapter on the Obligation of Fasting in Ramadan, No. 1891; Sahih Muslim, Book of Faith, Chapter on the Explanation of the Prayers which are Among the Pillars of Islam, No. 8]
The obligation of fasting during the month of Ramadan is agreed upon by the scholars of the Muslim Ummah, and there is also consensus that anyone who denies its obligation is a disbeliever and is considered to have left the fold of Islam.
“Indeed, I have vowed to the Most Merciful abstention, so I will not speak today to any man.”
[Qur'an, 19:26]
In Arabic, "صام الفرس" means "the horse refrained from eating or drinking." A "صائم" (fasting one) is a horse that stands still without eating or drinking. Likewise, "صامت الريح" means "the wind stopped." "صام النهار" means "the day has stood still" or "it has reached noon."
In Islamic law, fasting means: To abstain from eating, drinking, and marital relations from the break of dawn until sunset with the intention of seeking Allah’s pleasure.
“O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous.” [Qur'an, 2:183]
The concept of Taqwa has been explained by the early scholars in various ways. Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “The pious are those who avoid Allah’s punishment.” Ibn Masud (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “Taqwa is to obey Allah and not disobey Him, to remember Him and not forget Him, and to show gratitude to Him and not be ungrateful.”
When the second Caliph, Umar ibn Al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), asked Ubayy ibn Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) about Taqwa, he replied:
“Have you ever walked on a path full of thorns?” Umar said, “Yes.” Ubayy said, “What did you do?” Umar replied, “I rolled up my clothes and tried to avoid the thorns.” Ubayy said, “That is Taqwa.”
[Ibn Kathir 1/]
Poet Ibn Al-Mu'tazz expressed this concept of Taqwa in the following verses:
“Leave all sins, minor and major; this is indeed piety.
Be like the one who walks on a path filled with thorns, cautious of what he sees.
Do not underestimate a small sin, for mountains are made of pebbles.”
This explanation captures the essence of fasting and the aim of nurturing Taqwa during Ramadan, emphasizing spiritual discipline and vigilance against sins.
“O you who have believed, fear Allah as He should be feared and do not die except as Muslims [in submission to Him].”
[Quran, 3:102]
And He said:
“O mankind, fear your Lord, who created you from one soul and created from it its mate and dispersed from both of them many men and women. And fear Allah, through whom you ask one another, and the wombs. Indeed, Allah is ever, over you, an Observer.”
[Quran, 4:1]
And He said:
“O you who have believed, fear Allah and speak words of appropriate justice. He will [then] amend for you your deeds and forgive you your sins. And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger has certainly attained a great attainment.”
[Quran, 33:70-71]
Abu Umamah Bahili (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say during the Farewell Pilgrimage:
“Fear your Lord, perform your five daily prayers, fast in your month of Ramadan, pay the zakat on your wealth, and obey your leaders, and you will enter the Paradise of your Lord.”
11. Means for the Expiation of Sins and Forgiveness:
Allah says:
“That is the command of Allah, which He has sent down to you; and whoever fears Allah - He will remove for him his misdeeds and make great for him his reward.” [Quran, 65:5]
“O you who have believed, if you fear Allah, He will grant you a criterion and will remove from you your misdeeds and forgive you. And Allah is the possessor of great bounty.” [Quran, 8:29]
12. Means of Achieving Eternal Blessings:
A few related verses include:
“Indeed, for the righteous is attainment - gardens and grapevines, and full-breasted [companions] of equal age, and a full cup. No ill speech will they hear therein or any falsehood. [As] reward from your Lord, [a generous] gift [made due by] account.” [Quran, 78:31-36]
“Indeed, the righteous will be among shades and springs, and fruits from whatever they desire. [They will be told], ‘Eat and drink in satisfaction for what you used to do.’ Indeed, We thus reward the doers of good.” [Quran, 77:41-44]
“Indeed, the righteous will be in a secure place - within gardens and springs, wearing [garments of] fine silk and brocade, facing each other. Thus. And We will marry them to fair women with large, [beautiful] eyes.” [Quran, 44:51-54]
“Indeed, the righteous will be among gardens and rivers, in a seat of honor near a Sovereign, Perfect in Ability.” [Quran, 54:54-55]
To clarify this, if we reflect on the following Hadith of the Prophet (peace be upon him), the matter becomes clear. Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
“The example of what Allah has sent me with, of guidance and knowledge, is like abundant rain that falls upon a land. Some of the land is fertile and absorbs the water, so it brings forth vegetation and grass in abundance. Some of the land is hard and retains the water, so Allah benefits people through it, and they drink from it, give water to others, and irrigate the land with it. But some of the land is barren, neither holding the water nor producing any vegetation. This is the example of the one who comprehends the religion of Allah and benefits from what Allah has sent me with, learning and teaching others, and the example of the one who neither pays attention to it nor accepts the guidance of Allah with which I was sent.”
[Sahih Bukhari, Book of Knowledge, Chapter on the Virtue of the One Who Learns and Teaches, No. 79; Sahih Muslim, Book of Virtues, Chapter on the Example of the Guidance and Knowledge with Which the Prophet Was Sent, No. 15]
In this Hadith, the knowledge and guidance given to the Prophet (peace be upon him) are likened to beneficial rain. Just as rain revives dead land, bringing it to life, the knowledge and guidance revive dead hearts. The one who learns and teaches is compared to fertile land, while the one who learns but does not benefit from it is like hard ground that retains water for others but does not absorb it. And the one who neither learns nor practices is like barren land, which neither holds water nor produces vegetation.
This Hadith demonstrates that the teachings of Allah and His Messenger (peace be upon him) are absolutely true, as are the promises of blessings and forgiveness in Ramadan. However, to achieve these benefits, one needs sincere intention, a pure heart, and a firm belief in Allah's promise. If a person does not notice a change in their life after Ramadan and continues to engage in deceit, lies, envy, bribery, and usury, then the problem lies with the individual, not with Ramadan or fasting—much like how rainfall benefits only those lands capable of absorbing it.
Similarly, if a person's heart is pure and receptive to reform, their life after Ramadan will certainly be better than before. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
“Indeed, there is a piece of flesh in the body, and if it is sound, the entire body is sound; if it is corrupt, the entire body is corrupt. Indeed, it is the heart.”
[Sahih Bukhari, Book of Faith, Chapter on the Virtue of One Who Protects His Religion, No. 52; Sahih Muslim, Book of Transactions, Chapter on Taking the Lawful and Leaving the Doubtful, No. 1599]
“And keep yourself patient [by being] with those who call upon their Lord in the morning and the evening, seeking His countenance.” [Qur'an, 18:28]
Patience is named as such because it involves restraining the heart from grief, the tongue from complaint, and the limbs from restlessness.
“Indeed, the patient will be given their reward without account.” [Qur'an, 39:10]
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
“Whoever fasts in Ramadan with faith and seeking reward, his past sins will be forgiven. And whoever stands for prayer in Ramadan with faith and seeking reward, his past sins will be forgiven. And whoever stands in prayer during Laylat al-Qadr with faith and seeking reward, his past sins will be forgiven.”
All praise is due to Allah, and blessings and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah, his family, his companions, and those who follow his guidance. To proceed:
This brief reminder discusses the virtues of fasting and praying during Ramadan, striving in righteous deeds during this blessed month, and some rulings that some people may not be aware of.
It is established from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) that he used to give the good news of the arrival of Ramadan to his Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) and inform them that this is a month during which the gates of mercy and paradise are opened, the gates of hell are closed, and the devils are chained. The Prophet (peace be upon him) used to say:
"When the first night of Ramadan comes, the gates of Paradise are opened, and not a single gate remains closed, and the gates of Hell are closed, and not a single gate remains open, and the devils are chained. A caller calls out: 'O seeker of good, come forward, and O seeker of evil, desist.' And Allah has those whom He frees from the Fire, and this happens every night." [Authentic: Sahih Sunan Tirmidhi, Fasting, Chapter on the Virtue of Ramadan, No. 549 and 685, narrated by Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him), Sahih Sunan Ibn Majah: Fasting, Chapter on the Virtue of Ramadan, No. 1331 and 1642, Sahih Al-Jami' Al-Saghir Wa Ziyadatihi, No. 759]
He (peace be upon him) also said:
"Whoever fasts in Ramadan out of faith and in hope of reward, his previous sins will be forgiven. And whoever prays in Ramadan out of faith and in hope of reward, his previous sins will be forgiven. And whoever stands in prayer during Laylat al-Qadr out of faith and in hope of reward, his previous sins will be forgiven." [Authentic: Sahih Bukhari with Al-Fath, Chapter on the Virtue of Laylat al-Qadr, No. 2014, narrated by Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him), and the portion "Whoever stands in Ramadan" is in Sahih Muslim, Chapter on the Encouragement for Standing in Prayer during Ramadan, No. 173, 174, 175, 759]
The Prophet (peace be upon him) also said that Allah the Exalted says:
"All the deeds of the son of Adam are for him, except for fasting, which is for Me, and I will reward him for it. He abandons his desire, food, and drink for My sake. The fasting person has two moments of joy: one when he breaks his fast and the other when he meets his Lord. The breath of the fasting person is sweeter to Allah than the fragrance of musk." [Authentic: Sahih Bukhari, Fasting, Chapter on the Virtue of Fasting, No. 1894 and 1904, narrated by Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him), Sahih Muslim, Fasting, Chapter on the Virtue of Fasting, No. 161, 163, 164, 165, 1151]
There are many Hadiths regarding the virtues of fasting and praying during Ramadan and fasting in general. Therefore, it is appropriate for the believer to appreciate this opportunity granted by Allah by making the most of this blessed month, excelling in obedience, avoiding all evil, and diligently fulfilling the obligations, especially the five daily prayers, which are the pillar of Islam and a major obligation after the declaration of faith. It is obligatory for every Muslim man and woman to safeguard these prayers, maintain consistency, and perform them with humility, tranquility, and at their appointed times. For men, one of the important obligations regarding prayer is to perform it in congregation in the houses of Allah (mosques), as commanded by Allah the Almighty:
"And establish prayer and give zakah and bow with those who bow [in worship and obedience]." [Quran, 2:43]
And He also said:
"Maintain with care the [obligatory] prayers and [in particular] the middle prayer and stand before Allah, devoutly obedient." [Quran, 2:238]
And in another place, He says:
"Certainly will the believers have succeeded. They who are during their prayer humbly submissive." [Quran, 23:1-2]
He further says:
"And they who carefully maintain their prayers - those are the inheritors who will inherit al-Firdaus. They will abide therein eternally." [Quran, 23:9-11]
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
"The covenant that distinguishes between us and them is prayer; whoever abandons it has committed disbelief." [Authentic: Sahih Sunan Tirmidhi, Chapters on Faith, Chapter on Abandoning Prayer, No. 2113 and 2769, narrated by Buraidah (may Allah be pleased with him), Sahih Sunan Nasa’i, Prayer, Chapter on the Ruling on the One Who Abandons Prayer, No. 449, Sahih Sunan Ibn Majah, Establishing Prayer and the Sunnah Regarding It, No. 884, 1079, Sahih Al-Jami', No. 4143, Sahih Al-Targhib, Prayer, Chapter on Warning Against Deliberately Abandoning Prayer, No. 561]
After prayer, the next important obligation is paying zakah, as Allah the Almighty says:
"And they were not commanded except to worship Allah, [being] sincere to Him in religion, inclining to truth, and to establish prayer and to give zakah. And that is the correct religion." [Quran, 98:5]
Both the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) indicate that those who do not pay the zakah on their wealth will face punishment on the Day of Judgment.
After prayer and zakah, the next most important duty is fasting during Ramadan, which is one of the five pillars of Islam, as the Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
"Islam is built upon five [pillars]: testifying that there is no deity except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establishing prayer, giving zakah, fasting in Ramadan, and performing pilgrimage to the House (Hajj)." [Authentic: Sahih Bukhari, Book 2, Chapter on Inviting towards Faith, No. 8, narrated by Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), Sahih Muslim, Chapter on the Pillars of Islam, No. 19, 20, 21, 22]
A Muslim must protect his fasting from the actions and speech that Allah has forbidden, as the purpose of fasting is to draw closer to Allah, respect His prohibitions, and discipline oneself by abstaining from desires for the sake of Allah. Fasting is not merely about abstaining from food and drink; rather, it includes guarding oneself from sinful speech and behavior, as mentioned in the Hadith of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him):
"Fasting is a shield. On the day when any of you is fasting, he should neither indulge in obscene language nor raise his voice in anger. If someone abuses him or fights with him, he should say, 'I am fasting.'” [Authentic: Sahih Bukhari, Fasting, Chapter on Saying ‘I am Fasting’ if Abused, No. 1904, narrated by Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him), Sahih Muslim, Fasting, Chapter on the Virtue of Fasting, No. 163, 1151]
In another Hadith, the Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
"Whoever does not abandon false speech and acting upon it, Allah has no need of him leaving his food and drink." [Authentic: Sahih Bukhari, Book of Manners, Chapter on Avoiding False Speech, No. 6057, narrated by Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him)]
From these and similar texts, it is clear that a fasting person must avoid all that Allah has forbidden and observe all that He has obligated. Only then can he hope for forgiveness, freedom from Hell, and the acceptance of his fasting and prayers.
All praise is due to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and peace and blessings upon His best Messenger and the seal of His Prophets, Muhammad, his family, companions, and those who follow them in goodness until the Day of Judgment.
It is observed that the parts of machinery and vehicles created by humans become loose due to the roughness of the road, sometimes leading to significant breakdowns that necessitate service and repair. That is why manufacturing companies recommend regular servicing of vehicles after a certain mileage or time. When these repairs are completed according to their guidelines, the vehicles return to their tasks with renewed vigor. The same is true for our life's journey. Allah has stated the purpose of our creation:
"And I did not create the jinn and mankind except to worship Me." [Quran, 51:56]
Our life's journey also needs occasional maintenance and renewal due to the traps and deceptions of Satan. Therefore, Allah, the All-Knowing, has blessed certain days, nights, times, and places with special virtue and blessings. Recognizing their significance, Muslims can benefit from them, rejuvenate their lives, and renew their commitment to fulfilling their divine duties. Ramadan is among these blessed times, offering opportunities for believers to improve their worship and draw closer to Allah.
① The Obligation of Fasting:
Fasting during the month of Ramadan is one of the fundamental pillars of Islam. The fast of Ramadan is obligatory upon every sane, mature, free or enslaved Muslim, whether male or female. The obligation to fast during Ramadan was established in the 2nd year of Hijrah (Islamic calendar). This obligation is proven by the Book of Allah (the Qur'an), the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), and the consensus of the Ummah (Islamic scholars). Allah Almighty says:“O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous. [Fasting for] a limited number of days. So whoever among you is ill or on a journey [during them] - then an equal number of days [are to be made up]. And upon those who are able [to fast, but with hardship] - a ransom [as substitute] of feeding a poor person [each day]. And whoever volunteers excess - it is better for him. But to fast is best for you, if you only knew.”
[Qur'an, 2:183-184]
And He says:
“The month of Ramadan [is that] in which was revealed the Qur'an, a guidance for the people and clear proofs of guidance and criterion. So whoever sights [the new moon of] the month, let him fast it; and whoever is ill or on a journey - then an equal number of other days. Allah intends for you ease and does not intend for you hardship and [wants] for you to complete the period and to glorify Allah for that [to] which He has guided you, and perhaps you will be grateful.”
[Qur'an, 2:185]
It is narrated from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:
“Islam is built upon five [pillars]: ① Testifying that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and His Messenger, ② Establishing prayer, ③ Giving zakat (obligatory charity), ④ Performing pilgrimage to the House (Kaaba), and ⑤ Fasting in Ramadan.”
[Sahih Bukhari, Book 2, Chapter on Inviting Towards Faith, No. 8; Sahih Muslim, Book of Faith, Chapter on the Explanation of the Pillars of Islam, No. 16, 20]
It is also narrated by Talha bin Ubaidullah (may Allah be pleased with him):
“A bedouin with disheveled hair came to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and said: ‘O Messenger of Allah! Tell me what Allah has made obligatory upon me in terms of prayers.’ He said: ‘The five daily prayers, unless you offer anything extra.’ The man said: ‘Tell me what Allah has made obligatory upon me in terms of fasting.’ He said: ‘The month of Ramadan, unless you fast more voluntarily.’ The man further asked: ‘Tell me what Allah has made obligatory upon me in terms of Zakat.’ The narrator said: Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) informed him of the laws of Islam. The man said: ‘By the One Who has honored you, I will not perform any more than this nor will I reduce from what Allah has made obligatory upon me.’ The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) then said: ‘He will succeed if he speaks the truth,’ or ‘He will enter Paradise if he speaks the truth.’”
[Sahih Bukhari, Book of Fasting, Chapter on the Obligation of Fasting in Ramadan, No. 1891; Sahih Muslim, Book of Faith, Chapter on the Explanation of the Prayers which are Among the Pillars of Islam, No. 8]
The obligation of fasting during the month of Ramadan is agreed upon by the scholars of the Muslim Ummah, and there is also consensus that anyone who denies its obligation is a disbeliever and is considered to have left the fold of Islam.
② Stages of Obligation of Fasting:
Since Allah Almighty is most kind and merciful and fully aware of the conditions and circumstances of His servants, He did not make fasting for the entire month of Ramadan obligatory all at once. Instead, He prescribed it gradually in stages, so that people could become accustomed to fasting, making its observance easier and not burdensome:- Initial Obligation of Fasting on the Day of Ashura (10th of Muharram): It was the first obligation of fasting before Ramadan. Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said:
“The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) fasted on the day of Ashura and ordered others to fast on that day.” [Sahih Bukhari, Book of Fasting, Chapter on the Obligation of Fasting in Ramadan, No. 1892; Sahih Muslim, Book of Fasting, Chapter on Which Day Ashura Should Be Observed, No. 133, 1134] - The Second Stage - Ramadan Fast with an Option: At this stage, fasting in Ramadan was made obligatory, but those who were able to fast but found it difficult were given an option. They could feed a poor person for each day they missed fasting, as Allah says:
“And upon those who are able [to fast, but with hardship] - a ransom [as substitute] of feeding a poor person [each day]. And whoever volunteers excess - it is better for him. But to fast is best for you, if you only knew.” [Qur'an, 2:184] - The Third Stage - Emphasis on Observing the Fast: In this stage, the option to not fast was removed, and fasting was made obligatory with emphasis, as stated in the verse:
“The month of Ramadan [is that] in which was revealed the Qur'an, a guidance for the people and clear proofs of guidance and criterion. So whoever sights [the new moon of] the month, let him fast it; and whoever is ill or on a journey - then an equal number of other days. Allah intends for you ease and does not intend for you hardship and [wants] for you to complete the period and to glorify Allah for that [to] which He has guided you, and perhaps you will be grateful.” [Qur'an, 2:185]
③ Meaning of Fasting:
The literal meaning of fasting (صوم) is to abstain from something and refrain from it. For example, Allah says in the Qur'an about Maryam (Mary, peace be upon her):“Indeed, I have vowed to the Most Merciful abstention, so I will not speak today to any man.”
[Qur'an, 19:26]
In Arabic, "صام الفرس" means "the horse refrained from eating or drinking." A "صائم" (fasting one) is a horse that stands still without eating or drinking. Likewise, "صامت الريح" means "the wind stopped." "صام النهار" means "the day has stood still" or "it has reached noon."
In Islamic law, fasting means: To abstain from eating, drinking, and marital relations from the break of dawn until sunset with the intention of seeking Allah’s pleasure.
④ Purpose of Fasting:
Allah has mentioned the purpose of fasting along with its obligation in the Qur'an. He says:“O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous.” [Qur'an, 2:183]
⑤ Definition of Taqwa (Piety):
The word "Taqwa" is derived from "وقاية," which means to avoid, protect, or guard. In essence, Taqwa means fulfilling the commands of Allah and avoiding His prohibitions.The concept of Taqwa has been explained by the early scholars in various ways. Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “The pious are those who avoid Allah’s punishment.” Ibn Masud (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “Taqwa is to obey Allah and not disobey Him, to remember Him and not forget Him, and to show gratitude to Him and not be ungrateful.”
When the second Caliph, Umar ibn Al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), asked Ubayy ibn Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) about Taqwa, he replied:
“Have you ever walked on a path full of thorns?” Umar said, “Yes.” Ubayy said, “What did you do?” Umar replied, “I rolled up my clothes and tried to avoid the thorns.” Ubayy said, “That is Taqwa.”
[Ibn Kathir 1/]
Poet Ibn Al-Mu'tazz expressed this concept of Taqwa in the following verses:
“Leave all sins, minor and major; this is indeed piety.
Be like the one who walks on a path filled with thorns, cautious of what he sees.
Do not underestimate a small sin, for mountains are made of pebbles.”
This explanation captures the essence of fasting and the aim of nurturing Taqwa during Ramadan, emphasizing spiritual discipline and vigilance against sins.
⑥ The Command of Taqwa in the Quran and Sunnah:
Due to the importance of taqwa (piety), Allah Almighty has commanded it in various places in the Quran, and similarly, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and the pious predecessors have emphasized and instructed the practice of taqwa. While there are many verses related to the command of taqwa, we will mention here only those verses that the Prophet (peace be upon him) used to recite during the sermon for marriage, advice, and other important occasions:“O you who have believed, fear Allah as He should be feared and do not die except as Muslims [in submission to Him].”
[Quran, 3:102]
And He said:
“O mankind, fear your Lord, who created you from one soul and created from it its mate and dispersed from both of them many men and women. And fear Allah, through whom you ask one another, and the wombs. Indeed, Allah is ever, over you, an Observer.”
[Quran, 4:1]
And He said:
“O you who have believed, fear Allah and speak words of appropriate justice. He will [then] amend for you your deeds and forgive you your sins. And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger has certainly attained a great attainment.”
[Quran, 33:70-71]
Abu Umamah Bahili (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say during the Farewell Pilgrimage:
“Fear your Lord, perform your five daily prayers, fast in your month of Ramadan, pay the zakat on your wealth, and obey your leaders, and you will enter the Paradise of your Lord.”
⑦ The Fruits of Taqwa:
Taqwa brings numerous benefits and rewards in both this world and the hereafter. Some of these benefits include:- Ease in Matters: Allah the Almighty says:
“And whoever fears Allah - He will make for him of his matter ease.” [Quran, 65:4]
And He says:
“As for he who gives and fears Allah, and believes in the best [reward], We will ease him toward ease.” [Quran, 92:5-7] - Opening the Gates of Provision and Blessings:
Allah says:
“And if only the people of the cities had believed and feared Allah, We would have opened upon them blessings from the heaven and the earth; but they denied [the messengers], so We seized them for what they were earning.” [Quran, 7:96]
And He says:
“And whoever fears Allah - He will make for him a way out and will provide for him from where he does not expect.” [Quran, 65:2-3] - Attaining Divine Support and Guidance in Worldly Life:
Allah says:
“O you who have believed, if you fear Allah, He will grant you a criterion [to distinguish between right and wrong].” [Quran, 8:29]
And He says:
“O you who have believed, fear Allah and believe in His Messenger; He will [then] give you a double portion of His mercy and make for you a light by which you will walk and forgive you; and Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.” [Quran, 57:28] - Attaining the Friendship and Guardianship of Allah:
Allah the Almighty says:
“And indeed, the wrongdoers are allies of one another; but Allah is the protector of the righteous.” [Quran, 45:19] - Protection from the Evil and Deceit of Enemies:
Allah says:
“If good touches you, it distresses them; but if harm strikes you, they rejoice at it. And if you are patient and fear Allah, their plot will not harm you at all. Indeed, Allah is encompassing of what they do.” [Quran, 3:120] - Attainment of Knowledge:
Allah says:
“And fear Allah, and Allah teaches you.” [Quran, 2:282] - Means to Attaining Mercy:
Allah the Almighty says:
“But My mercy encompasses all things. So I will decree it [especially] for those who fear Me and give zakat and those who believe in Our verses.” [Quran, 7:156] - Source of Good News and Peace in This World and the Hereafter:
Allah says:
“Unquestionably, for the allies of Allah there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve. Those who believed and were fearing Allah - For them are good tidings in the worldly life and in the Hereafter. No change is there in the words of Allah. That is what is the great attainment.” [Quran, 10:62-64] - Attainment of Allah’s Love:
Allah the Almighty says:
“But yes, whoever fulfills his commitment and fears Allah - then indeed, Allah loves the righteous.” [Quran, 3:76]
And He says:
“Indeed, Allah loves the righteous [who fear Him].” [Quran, 9:4] - Attaining the Company of Allah:
Allah says:
11. Means for the Expiation of Sins and Forgiveness:
Allah says:
“That is the command of Allah, which He has sent down to you; and whoever fears Allah - He will remove for him his misdeeds and make great for him his reward.” [Quran, 65:5]
“O you who have believed, if you fear Allah, He will grant you a criterion and will remove from you your misdeeds and forgive you. And Allah is the possessor of great bounty.” [Quran, 8:29]
12. Means of Achieving Eternal Blessings:
A few related verses include:
“Indeed, for the righteous is attainment - gardens and grapevines, and full-breasted [companions] of equal age, and a full cup. No ill speech will they hear therein or any falsehood. [As] reward from your Lord, [a generous] gift [made due by] account.” [Quran, 78:31-36]
“Indeed, the righteous will be among shades and springs, and fruits from whatever they desire. [They will be told], ‘Eat and drink in satisfaction for what you used to do.’ Indeed, We thus reward the doers of good.” [Quran, 77:41-44]
“Indeed, the righteous will be in a secure place - within gardens and springs, wearing [garments of] fine silk and brocade, facing each other. Thus. And We will marry them to fair women with large, [beautiful] eyes.” [Quran, 44:51-54]
“Indeed, the righteous will be among gardens and rivers, in a seat of honor near a Sovereign, Perfect in Ability.” [Quran, 54:54-55]
⑧ Clarification of a Doubt:
Some people may wonder why, despite fasting for the entire month of Ramadan, they observe no significant change in their lives. Their behavior remains the same as it was before Ramadan, even after the fasting ends. How can it be understood that the purpose of fasting, which is to become pious, is truly achieved?To clarify this, if we reflect on the following Hadith of the Prophet (peace be upon him), the matter becomes clear. Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
“The example of what Allah has sent me with, of guidance and knowledge, is like abundant rain that falls upon a land. Some of the land is fertile and absorbs the water, so it brings forth vegetation and grass in abundance. Some of the land is hard and retains the water, so Allah benefits people through it, and they drink from it, give water to others, and irrigate the land with it. But some of the land is barren, neither holding the water nor producing any vegetation. This is the example of the one who comprehends the religion of Allah and benefits from what Allah has sent me with, learning and teaching others, and the example of the one who neither pays attention to it nor accepts the guidance of Allah with which I was sent.”
[Sahih Bukhari, Book of Knowledge, Chapter on the Virtue of the One Who Learns and Teaches, No. 79; Sahih Muslim, Book of Virtues, Chapter on the Example of the Guidance and Knowledge with Which the Prophet Was Sent, No. 15]
In this Hadith, the knowledge and guidance given to the Prophet (peace be upon him) are likened to beneficial rain. Just as rain revives dead land, bringing it to life, the knowledge and guidance revive dead hearts. The one who learns and teaches is compared to fertile land, while the one who learns but does not benefit from it is like hard ground that retains water for others but does not absorb it. And the one who neither learns nor practices is like barren land, which neither holds water nor produces vegetation.
This Hadith demonstrates that the teachings of Allah and His Messenger (peace be upon him) are absolutely true, as are the promises of blessings and forgiveness in Ramadan. However, to achieve these benefits, one needs sincere intention, a pure heart, and a firm belief in Allah's promise. If a person does not notice a change in their life after Ramadan and continues to engage in deceit, lies, envy, bribery, and usury, then the problem lies with the individual, not with Ramadan or fasting—much like how rainfall benefits only those lands capable of absorbing it.
Similarly, if a person's heart is pure and receptive to reform, their life after Ramadan will certainly be better than before. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
“Indeed, there is a piece of flesh in the body, and if it is sound, the entire body is sound; if it is corrupt, the entire body is corrupt. Indeed, it is the heart.”
[Sahih Bukhari, Book of Faith, Chapter on the Virtue of One Who Protects His Religion, No. 52; Sahih Muslim, Book of Transactions, Chapter on Taking the Lawful and Leaving the Doubtful, No. 1599]
⑨ Virtues of the Month of Ramadan:
Allah Almighty has granted the month of Ramadan superiority over other months of the year in various ways:- It is the Month of the Revelation of the Qur'an: The Qur'an, the final Book of guidance for all humanity revealed to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), was revealed in the month of Ramadan. Allah Almighty says:
“The month of Ramadan [is that] in which was revealed the Qur'an, a guidance for the people and clear proofs of guidance and criterion.” [Qur'an, 2:185]
The revelation of the Qur'an in Ramadan does not mean that the entire Qur'an was revealed in one Ramadan. Rather, it means that the Qur'an was sent down from the Preserved Tablet (Lawh al-Mahfuz) to the lowest heaven in the Night of Decree (Laylat al-Qadr) and placed in the House of Honor (Bayt al-Izzah), as Allah says:
“Indeed, We sent it [the Qur'an] down during the Night of Decree.” [Qur'an, 97:1]
“Indeed, We sent it down during a blessed night. Indeed, We were to warn [mankind].” [Qur'an, 44:3]
From there, it was gradually revealed to the Prophet (peace be upon him) as needed over time【Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Vol 1, p. 230】. Some scholars also believe that the first revelation to the Prophet (peace be upon him) in the cave of Hira took place during the month of Ramadan. - It is the Month of Recitation of the Qur'an: The connection between the Qur'an and Ramadan is profound. During this blessed month, the Prophet (peace be upon him) would review the Qur'an with the Angel Gabriel (Jibril). In the year of the Prophet's passing, he reviewed the Qur'an twice with Jibril. Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported:
“The Prophet (peace be upon him) told me confidentially that Jibril used to review the Qur'an with him once every year, but this year he reviewed it with me twice. I think this means that my departure (death) is near.” [Sahih Bukhari, Virtues of the Qur'an, Chapter on Jibril Reviewing the Qur'an with the Prophet, No. 4998; Sahih Muslim, Virtues of the Companions, No. 2450]
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated:
“The Qur'an used to be presented to the Prophet (peace be upon him) by Jibril once every year, but in the year he passed away, it was presented to him twice. He used to perform i'tikaf (seclusion for worship) for ten nights every year, but in the year of his passing, he performed i'tikaf for twenty nights.” [Sahih Bukhari, Virtues of the Qur'an, Chapter on Jibril Reviewing the Qur'an with the Prophet, No. 4998]
This review (dawr) and recitation of the Qur'an happened during Ramadan, as Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) said:
“The Prophet (peace be upon him) was the most generous of people, and he was even more generous during Ramadan when Jibril met him. Jibril would meet him every night of Ramadan until it ended, and the Prophet would recite the Qur'an to him. When Jibril met him, the Prophet was more generous in doing good than the blowing wind.” [Sahih Bukhari, Beginning of Revelation, Chapter 5, No. 6; Sahih Muslim, Book of Virtues, No. 50]
It is important to note that reciting the Qur'an hastily during Ramadan in a manner where listeners cannot comprehend the recitation is against the purpose of the Qur'an's revelation and the Prophetic tradition. Success for a Muslim lies in following the Sunnah, as Allah says:
“There has certainly been for you in the Messenger of Allah an excellent pattern.” [Qur'an, 33:21]
“And whatever the Messenger has given you - take; and what he has forbidden you - refrain from.” [Qur'an, 59:7]
The objectives of the Qur'an’s revelation include reciting it slowly for understanding and reflection. Allah says:
“And [it is] a Qur'an which We have separated [by intervals] that you might recite it to the people over a prolonged period. And We have sent it down progressively.” [Qur'an, 17:106]
“[This is] a blessed Book which We have revealed to you, [O Muhammad], that they might reflect upon its verses and that those of understanding would be reminded.” [Qur'an, 38:29]
- It is the Month of Patience: During the entire month, Muslims abstain from food, drink, and marital relations from dawn until sunset, which cultivates patience. This is why if a person feels hunger or thirst in any month other than Ramadan and recalls the experience of fasting, they feel a sense of comfort and patience. The Prophet (peace be upon him) referred to Ramadan as the “month of patience,” as narrated by Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him):
“I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say: ‘Fasting during the month of patience (Ramadan) and three days of every month is equivalent to fasting for the entire year.’” [Sahih Sunan Abi Dawood, Book of Fasting, No. 2425; Sahih Sunan An-Nasa’i, Book of Fasting, No. 2407; Sunan Ibn Majah, Book of Fasting, No. 1386]
⑩ Meaning of Patience:
The literal meaning of sabr (patience) is to restrain or hold back. For example, it is said: “فُلانٌ قُتِلَ صَبْرًا” which means “someone was killed while bound.” Allah says:“And keep yourself patient [by being] with those who call upon their Lord in the morning and the evening, seeking His countenance.” [Qur'an, 18:28]
Patience is named as such because it involves restraining the heart from grief, the tongue from complaint, and the limbs from restlessness.
⑪ Types of Patience:
There are three types of patience:- Patience in Obeying Allah.
- Patience in Avoiding Disobedience to Allah.
- Patience during Trials and Hardships.
“Indeed, the patient will be given their reward without account.” [Qur'an, 39:10]
- The Gates of Paradise are Opened in Ramadan: During Ramadan, the gates of Paradise are opened, the gates of Hell are closed, and the devils are chained. Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
“When Ramadan comes, the gates of Paradise are opened, the gates of Hell are closed, and the devils are chained.” [Sahih Bukhari, Book of Fasting, No. 1899; Sahih Muslim, Book of Fasting, No. 1079]
In another narration by Abu Hurairah:
“When the first night of Ramadan comes, the devils and the rebellious jinn are chained, the gates of Hell are closed, and none of them remain open; the gates of Paradise are opened, and none of them remain closed. A caller announces: ‘O seeker of good, come forward, and O seeker of evil, desist. And Allah has those whom He frees from the Fire, and this occurs every night.’” [Sahih Sunan Tirmidhi, Book of Fasting, No. 682; Sahih Sunan Ibn Majah, Book of Fasting, No. 1331]
This is why many sinners and wrongdoers turn to repentance and seek forgiveness as soon as Ramadan begins. They consult scholars to learn how to rectify past mistakes and sincerely repent, becoming devoted servants of Allah during Ramadan and beyond.
May Allah keep all Muslims safe from the evils of the devils, make them deserving of Paradise, and protect them from the punishment of Hell. Ameen. - It is the Month of Laylat al-Qadr (Night of Decree): This blessed month contains Laylat al-Qadr, a night whose worship is better than a thousand months. Allah says:
“Indeed, We sent it [the Qur'an] down during the Night of Decree. And what can make you know what is the Night of Decree? The Night of Decree is better than a thousand months.” [Qur'an, 97:1-3]
And He says:
“Indeed, We sent it down during a blessed night. Indeed, We were to warn [mankind]. On that night is made distinct every precise matter.” [Qur'an, 44:3-4]
Some people mistakenly believe that the blessed night refers to the 15th night of Sha'ban, but this is incorrect. The blessed night refers to Laylat al-Qadr, as clarified by Allah in other verses. - It is the Month of Acceptance of Prayers: Ramadan is not only a time for increased acts of worship but also a time when prayers are accepted. There is a deep connection between Ramadan and supplication. While explaining the rules of fasting, Allah says:
“And when My servants ask you concerning Me - indeed I am near. I respond to the invocation of the supplicant when he calls upon Me. So let them respond to Me [by obedience] and believe in Me that they may be [rightly] guided.” [Qur'an, 2:186]
⑫ Virtues of Fasting:
The virtue of fasting is evident from the fact that when a person fulfills the obligation of fasting as prescribed by Allah, they become free of any liability and earn the pleasure of Allah, becoming beloved to Him. However, there are additional virtues associated with fasting that can further inspire the desire to observe this act of worship. These virtues include:- Fasting as a Shield Against Desires:
Abdullah bin Masud (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) addressed the youth, saying:
“O young people, whoever among you has the ability to marry, let him marry, for it is more effective in lowering the gaze and guarding chastity. But whoever is unable to marry should fast, for it will be a shield for him.” [Sahih Bukhari, Book of Fasting, No. 1905; Sahih Muslim, Book of Marriage, No. 1400]
This Hadith indicates that fasting helps to control and suppress desires, serving as a protective barrier against indulgence in wrongful acts. - Fasting as a Shield from Hellfire:
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said that Allah Almighty said:
“Every action of the son of Adam is for him, except for fasting. It is for Me, and I will reward it. Fasting is a shield, so when any of you is fasting on a particular day, he should neither engage in obscene language nor raise his voice in anger. If someone insults him or tries to provoke a fight, he should say, ‘I am fasting.’ By the One in whose hand is the soul of Muhammad, the breath of a fasting person is more pleasant to Allah than the fragrance of musk. The fasting person has two occasions for joy: when he breaks his fast, he rejoices, and when he meets his Lord, he rejoices because of his fasting.” [Sahih Bukhari, Book of Fasting, No. 1904; Sahih Muslim, Book of Fasting, No. 1151]
In another narration, it is stated:
“Every good deed of the son of Adam is multiplied ten to seven hundred times. Allah said: ‘Except for fasting, for it is for Me, and I will reward it. He gives up his desire and his food for My sake.’” [Sahih Muslim, Book of Fasting, No. 1151]
Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) also narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
“Fasting is a shield with which a servant protects himself from the fire.” [Musnad Ahmad, Vol. 3, p. 396; Sahih al-Jami’, No. 3867]
These narrations highlight Allah's immense mercy, as He personally rewards fasting without any limit, unlike other good deeds, which are rewarded through angels. - Fasting as an Intercessor on the Day of Judgment:
Abdullah bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
“Fasting and the Qur'an will intercede for a servant on the Day of Judgment. Fasting will say, ‘O my Lord, I prevented him from food and desires during the day, so let me intercede for him,’ and the Qur'an will say, ‘I prevented him from sleep at night, so let me intercede for him.’ He said: ‘So they will intercede.’” [Musnad Ahmad, Vol. 2, p. 174; Sahih al-Targhib wa al-Tarhib, No. 969]
This Hadith emphasizes the unique status of fasting and reciting the Qur'an, as they become advocates for the fasting person on the Day of Judgment, pleading for his forgiveness. - Fasting as an Expiation of Sins:
Allah has endowed acts of worship such as fasting, prayer, charity, and pilgrimage with the capacity to atone for sins. Allah says:
“Indeed, good deeds do away with misdeeds.” [Qur'an, 11:114]
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
“The five daily prayers, from one Friday to the next, and from one Ramadan to the next, are expiations for what occurs between them, as long as one avoids major sins.” [Sahih Muslim, Book of Purification, No. 16]
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) also narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
“Whoever fasts in Ramadan out of faith and in hope of reward will have his past sins forgiven.” [Sahih Bukhari, Book of Faith, No. 38; Sahih Muslim, Book of Travellers, No. 760]
Huzayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that he heard the Prophet (peace be upon him) say:
“The trials faced by a man in his family, wealth, and neighbor are expiated by prayer, fasting, and charity.” [Sahih Bukhari, Book of Prayer Times, No. 525; Sahih Muslim, Book of Faith, No. 144] - A Special Gate in Paradise for Those Who Fast:
Allah is so pleased with those who fast for His sake that He honors them with a special entrance to Paradise called Ar-Rayyan, which is reserved exclusively for them. Sahl bin Sa’d (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
“Indeed, there is a gate in Paradise called Ar-Rayyan. On the Day of Resurrection, those who fast will enter through it, and none except them will enter through it. It will be said, ‘Where are those who fasted?’ They will rise, and none except them will enter through it. When they have entered, it will be closed, and no one else will enter through it.” [Sahih Bukhari, Book of Fasting, No. 1896; Sahih Muslim, Book of Fasting, No. 1152]
Things Some People are Unaware Of:
Muslims are obligated to fast with a sincere intention of fulfilling their faith and seeking reward from Allah. They should not fast for show, reputation, imitation, or to follow the traditions of their family or neighborhood. It is necessary for a person to have the conviction that fasting is a command from Allah and to hope for the reward from Him alone. Similarly, when performing the night prayer during Ramadan, one should do so with faith and the intention of earning reward, not for any other purpose.The Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
“Whoever fasts in Ramadan with faith and seeking reward, his past sins will be forgiven. And whoever stands for prayer in Ramadan with faith and seeking reward, his past sins will be forgiven. And whoever stands in prayer during Laylat al-Qadr with faith and seeking reward, his past sins will be forgiven.”
Clarifications on Certain Matters:
Some people may be unaware of the following rulings:- If a fasting person gets injured, experiences a nosebleed, vomits unintentionally, or accidentally swallows water or oil drops, these actions do not invalidate the fast. However, if a person intentionally induces vomiting, the fast becomes invalid. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
“Whoever is overcome by vomiting does not have to make up for that day, but whoever vomits intentionally must make up for it.” [Sahih Sunan Tirmidhi, Book of Fasting, No. 723; Sahih Sunan Abi Dawood, Book of Fasting, No. 2380] - If a fasting person is in a state of major ritual impurity (janabah) until dawn or if a menstruating or postpartum woman becomes pure before dawn but delays her ritual bath until after dawn, they are still obligated to fast, and delaying the bath does not affect the validity of the fast. However, they should not delay the bath until after sunrise, as it is obligatory to perform it before the Fajr prayer.
- For a man, it is necessary to hasten the ritual bath so that he can join the congregational Fajr prayer on time.
- Certain actions do not break the fast, such as blood tests and non-nutritive injections, though it is preferable to delay such procedures until night if possible. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
“Leave what makes you doubt for what does not make you doubt.” [Sahih Sunan Tirmidhi, No. 2650; Sahih Bukhari, Book of Sales]
And he also said:
“Whoever avoids doubtful matters has protected his religion and honor.” [Sahih Bukhari, Book of Faith, No. 52; Sahih Muslim, Book of Transactions, No. 1599]
Tranquility and Serenity in Prayer is Obligatory:
Another matter that some are unaware of is the importance of tranquility and serenity during prayer, whether it is an obligatory prayer or a voluntary one. Authentic Hadiths emphasize that tranquility (tama'ninah) is an essential pillar of prayer, without which the prayer is invalid. A person must perform the prayer with calmness and humility, avoiding haste, so that all the body parts return to their places during each movement. Many people perform the Taraweeh prayers during Ramadan in such a hurried manner that they cannot even comprehend what they are reciting. This style of praying is invalid, and those who pray in this manner are considered sinful and deprived of reward.
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