The Virtues and Merits of Hazrat Aliؓ in the Light of Authentic Ahadith and Traditions

This excerpt is taken from Sheikh Ghulam Mustafa Zaheer Amanpuri's book Ghaniyyat al-Talib fi Manaqib Ali ibn Abi Talib Radi Allahu Anhu.

The Precedence of Islam​

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❀ Sayyiduna Zaid bin Arqam رضي الله عنه narrates:
أول من صلى مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، وقال فى موضع آخر: أول من أسلم علي.
“The first person to pray with the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم was Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه. In another narration, it is mentioned: (Among the children) Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه was the first to accept Islam.”

Reference: (Musnad Imam Ahmad: 371/4, Fada'il al-Sahaba by An-Nasa'i: 34, Sunan at-Tirmidhi: 3735, and its chain is Hasan)

Imam Tirmidhi رحمه الله has classified this narration as "Hasan Sahih." Imam Hakim

Reference: (143/3)

declared it "Sahih al-Isnad." Hafiz Dhahabi رحمه الله has agreed with this.
❀ The Islamic historian, Hafiz Ibn Kathir رحمه الله writes:
وأما على رضي الله عنه، فإنه أسلم قديما، وهو دون البلوغ على المشهور، ويقال: إنه أول من أسلم، وقد روي فى ذلك حديث عنه ولا يصح، والصحيح أنه أول من أسلم من الغلمان، كما أن خديجة أول من أسلمت من النساء، وأبو بكر الصديق أول من أسلم من الرجال الأحرار، وزيد بن حارثة أول من أسلم من الموالي.
“Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه is an early Muslim companion. He had not yet reached adulthood when he was blessed with the favor of Islam. It is said that he was the first to bring Islam; however, the hadith narrated in this regard is not proven. The correct understanding is that among the children of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم, he was the first to believe. Among women, Sayyida Khadijah رضي الله عنها was the first, among free men Sayyiduna Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه, and among freed slaves Sayyiduna Zaid bin Harithah رضي الله عنه were the first to be honored with Islam.”

Reference: (Al-Bidaya wa an-Nihaya: 31/11)

Most Beloved Kunya​

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❀ A person said to Sayyiduna Suhail bin Saad رضي الله عنه:
هذا فلان، لأمير المدينة، يدعو عليا عند المنبر، قال: فيقول: ماذا؟ قال: يقول له: أبو تراب فضحك، قال: والله ما سماه إلا النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم وما كان له اسم أحب إليه منه، فاستطعمت الحديث سهلا، وقلت: يا أبا عباس كيف ذلك قال: دخل على على فاطمة ثم خرج فاضطجع فى المسجد، فقال النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم: أين ابن عمك، قالت: فى المسجد، فخرج إليه فوجد رداءه قد سقط عن ظهره، وخلص التراب إلى ظهره، فجعل يمسح التراب عن ظهره، فيقول: اجلس يا أبا تراب مرتين.
"The governor of Medina insults Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه on the pulpit." He was asked: What does he say? He said: He calls Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه 'Abu Turab' on the pulpit. Sayyiduna Suhail bin Saad رضي الله عنه laughed and said: By Allah! This name was given to him by the Noble Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم, and this name was most beloved to him. The narrator, wishing to hear the full hadith, asked: Abu Abbas! What kind of incident is this? He said: Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه came to Sayyida Fatimah رضي الله عنها, then went to the mosque and lay down. The Noble Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم asked Sayyida Fatimah رضي الله عنها where her cousin was. She said: In the mosque. The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم came to the mosque and saw Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه lying down, the sheet had slipped from below and dust was touching his back. The Noble Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم began to brush off the dust and said: Abu Turab! Get up, Abu Turab! Get up."

Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 3703, Sahih Muslim: 2409)

Son-in-law of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him​

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❀ Sayyiduna Buraydah رضي الله عنه narrates:
خطب أبو بكر وعمر فاطمة، فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: إنها صغيرة فخطب على فزوجها منه.
"When Sayyiduna Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه and Sayyiduna Umar رضي الله عنه went to the Prophet Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم with a proposal to marry Sayyida Fatimah رضي الله عنها, he said: She is still young. After them, Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه sent a proposal, and the marriage was contracted with him."

Reference: (Sunan an-Nasa'i: 3221, Khasais Ali lil-Nasa'i: 123, Zawa'id Fada'il al-Sahaba lil-Qutay'i: 1051, and its chain is authentic)

This narration was declared "Sahih" by Imam Ibn Hibban رحمه الله

Reference: (6948)

and Imam Hakim رحمه الله

Reference: (167/2)

said it is "Sahih" according to the conditions of Bukhari and Muslim. Hafiz Dhahabi رحمه الله agreed with their assessment.

❀ Sayyiduna Mas'ud bin Makhramah رضي الله عنه narrates:
سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بمكة يخطب ثم قال: إن بني هشام استأذنوني فى أن ينكحوا ابنتهم عليا، وإني لا آذن، ثم لا آذن إلا أن يريد ابن أبى طالب أن يفارق ابنتي، وأن ينكح ابنتهم ثم قال: إن فاطمة مضغة مني يؤذيني ما آذاها ويريبني ما أرابها، وما كان له أن يجمع بين بنت عدو الله، وبين ابنة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم.
"The Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم was delivering a sermon on the pulpit in Makkah, and he said: The Banu Hashim have asked my permission to marry their daughter to Ali رضي الله عنه, but I will not give permission. However, if Ali رضي الله عنه divorces my daughter, then they may marry their daughter to him. Then he said: Fatimah رضي الله عنها is the apple of my eye; whoever harms her harms me, whoever disturbs her disturbs me. It is not permissible for Ali رضي الله عنه to have my daughter and the daughter of the enemy of Allah married to him at the same time."

Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 5230, Sahih Muslim: 2450)

In Sahih Bukhari

Reference: (3729)

it is mentioned that "Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه ended his intention to marry her."

Relationship with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ​

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❀Sayyiduna Bara bin Azib رضي الله عنه narrates that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه:
أنت مني، وأنا منك.
"You are from me and I am from you."

Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 4251)

Sayyiduna Ibn Janadah Saluli رضي الله عنه narrates that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
علي مني وأنا منه ولا يؤدي عني إلا أنا أو علي.
"Ali is from me and I am from Ali; my responsibility will be fulfilled only by me or Ali رضي الله عنه."

Reference: (Fada'il al-Sahaba by al-Nasa'i: 44, Musnad al-Imam Ahmad: 164/4, and its chain is authentic)

The relationship between the Prophet ﷺ and Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه:​

Sayyiduna Saad bin Abi Waqqas رضي الله عنه narrates that the Prophet Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said to Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه:
أنت مني بمنزلة هارون من موسى.
"Your relation to me is like that of Musa (Moses) to Harun (Aaron)."

Reference: (Sunan al-Tirmidhi: 3731, and he said: This is a Hasan Sahih hadith, Khawas Ali by al-Nasa'i: 45, and its chain is authentic)

❀ Sayyiduna Saad bin Abi Waqqas رضي الله عنه narrates:
لما خرج رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى تبوك خرج على يشيعه، فبكى، وقال: يا رسول الله، أتتركني مع الخوالف؟ فقال النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم: يا على أما ترضى أن تكون مني بمنزلة هارون من موسى إلا النبوة.
"When the Prophet Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم was going for the Battle of Tabuk, Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه came to see him off and began to weep. He said: O Messenger of Allah! Are you leaving me behind? He said: Ali! Your relation to me is like that of Musa (Moses) to Harun (Aaron) except for prophethood. So, do you not like this honor?"

Reference: (Sahih Muslim: 2404, Khawas Ali by al-Nasa'i: 47, Al-Tarikh al-Kabir by al-Bukhari: 115/1, and its chain is Hasan)

This hadith is mutawatir.

Reference: (Qutaf al-Azhar al-Mutanathira by al-Suyuti: 281-282, Nazm al-Mutanathir by al-Kattani: 206-207)

Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه is from Ahl al-Bayt​

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Sayyida Umm Salama رضي الله عنها narrates that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم took Ali, Fatimah, Hasan, and Husayn رضي الله عنهم in a cloak and prayed:
أللهم أهل بيتي أذهب عنهم الرجس وطهرهم تطهيرا.
“O Allah! These are my Ahl al-Bayt; do not let filth come near them and grant them the highest degree of purity.”

Reference: (Musnad al-Imam Ahmad: 298/6, and its chain is Hasan)

Sayyiduna Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas رضي الله عنه narrates that when the verse of Mubahala

Reference: (Aal Imran: 61)

was revealed, the Prophet Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم called Ali, Fatimah, Hasan, and Husayn رضي الله عنهم and said:
اللهم هؤلاء أهلي.
“O Allah! These are my Ahl al-Bayt.”

Reference: (Sahih Muslim: 2404)

Sayyiduna Wathilah ibn Asqa’ رضي الله عنه narrates that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said:
أللهم هؤلاء أهل بيتي، وأهل بيتي أحق.
“O Allah! These are my Ahl al-Bayt, and my Ahl al-Bayt are more deserving of honor and respect.”

Reference: (Musnad al-Imam Ahmad: 107/4, and its chain is Hasan)

Imam Ibn Hibban رحمه الله

Reference: (6976)

classified this hadith as “Sahih,” and Imam Bayhaqi رحمه الله also declared its chain authentic.

Reference: (Al-Sunan al-Kubra: 152/20)

Imam Hakim رحمه الله

Reference: (147/3)

declared it authentic according to the conditions of Bukhari and Muslim, and Hafiz Dhahabi رحمه الله confirmed it according to Imam Muslim’s conditions.

Beloved Messenger ﷺ​

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❀ Sayyiduna Nu'man bin Bashir رضي الله عنه narrates:
استأذن أبو بكر على النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم، فسمع صوت عائشة عاليا، وهى تقول: والله، قد علمت أن عليا أحب إليك من أبي، فأهوى إليها أبو بكر ليلطمها، وقال: يا ابنة فلانة، أراك ترفعين صوتك على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فأمسكه رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، وخرج أبو بكر مغضبا، فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: يا عائشة، كيف رأيتني أنقذتك من الرجل؟ ثم استأذن أبو بكر بعد ذلك، وقد اصطلح رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وعائشة، فقال: أدخلاني فى السلم، كما أدخلتماني فى الحرب، فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: قد فعلنا.
"Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddiq رضي الله عنه asked the Prophet Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم for permission to enter, then Sayyida Aisha Siddiqah رضي الله عنها was heard loudly saying to the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم: By Allah! I know that you love Ali رضي الله عنه more than my father. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddiq رضي الله عنه moved forward to slap Sayyida Aisha رضي الله عنها and said: I heard your voice louder than the voice of the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم. The Prophet Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم stopped Sayyiduna Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddiq رضي الله عنه left from there in anger. The Prophet Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said to Sayyida Aisha رضي الله عنها: See, how I saved you. Later, when Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddiq رضي الله عنه asked for permission to enter the house, by that time the reconciliation between the Prophet Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم and Sayyida Aisha رضي الله عنها had taken place. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddiq رضي الله عنه said: Include me in the reconciliation as you included me in the anger. To this, the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم replied: We have done so."

Reference: (Musnad Imam Ahmad: 275/4, Fada'il al-Sahaba by Ahmad ibn Hanbal: 39, Musnad al-Bazzar: 3225, Sharh Mushkil al-Athar by al-Tahawi: 5309, and its chain is Hasan)

❀ The commentator of Sahih Bukhari, Hafiz Ibn Hajar رحمه الله says:
ويمكن الجمع باختلاف جهة المحبة؛ فيكون فى حق أبى بكر على عمومه بخلاف علي.
"Look at the nature of love, then these hadiths can be reconciled. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddiq رضي الله عنه was generally more beloved to the Prophet Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم, while Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه was beloved in a specific regard."

Reference: (Fath al-Bari Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari: 127/7)

Sayyiduna Ali Razi Allah Anhu is a Rightly Guided Caliph​

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❀ Sayyiduna Safeena, may Allah be pleased with him, narrates that
خطبنا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال: الخلافة فى أمتي ثلاثون سنة، ثم يكون ملك، ثم قال سفينة: أمسك، خلافة أبى بكر وخلافة عمر ثنتا عشرة سنة وستة أشهر وخلافة عثمان ثنتا عشرة سنة وستة أشهر ثم خلافة على تكملة الثلاثين قلت: فمعاوية؟ قال: كان أول الملوك.
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, gave us a sermon and said: The caliphate among my Ummah will last for thirty years, then there will be kingship. Sayyiduna Safeena, may Allah be pleased with him, says: Count it, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, and Sayyiduna Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, ruled for twelve years and six months, Sayyiduna Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, ruled for twelve years, then Sayyiduna Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, completed the thirty years of caliphate. Saeed bin Jumhan, may Allah have mercy on him, asked: What about Sayyiduna Muawiyah, may Allah be pleased with him? He said: He was the first king.

Reference: (Musnad al-Tayalisi: 1203, Musnad Imam Ahmad: 221/5, Sunan al-Tirmidhi: 2226, with a good chain)

The following of Hasharaj bin Nabatah is found in Sunan Abi Dawood

Reference: (4246)

etc., narrated by Abdulwarith bin Saeed Basri (trustworthy, reliable), and in Musnad Ahmad

Reference: (220-221)

etc., narrated by Hammad bin Salmah (trustworthy, reliable), and in Sunan Abi Dawood

Reference: (4647)

narrated by Al-Awwam bin Hawshab al-Wasiti.
As for the matter of Saeed bin Jumhan, the majority have authenticated him.
He has been declared "trustworthy" by Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, may Allah have mercy on him

Reference: (Al-Sunnah lil-Khallal: 419)

, Imam Yahya ibn Ma'in, may Allah have mercy on him

Reference: (Tarikh Yahya ibn Ma'in: 3695)

, Imam Ibn Adi, may Allah have mercy on him

Reference: (Al-Kamil: 402, he said: I hope there is no harm in him)

, Imam Yaqub ibn Sufyan, may Allah have mercy on him

Reference: (Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh: 78)

, Imam Tirmidhi, may Allah have mercy on him

Reference: (Al-Sunan: 2226, with improvement of his hadith)

, Imam Ibn Abi Asim, may Allah have mercy on him

Reference: (Al-Sunnah: 1222, with authentication of his hadith)

, Imam Ibn al-Jarud, may Allah have mercy on him

Reference: (Al-Muntaqa: 976, with authentication of his hadith)

, Imam Ibn Hibban, may Allah have mercy on him

Reference: (Al-Thiqat: 287)

, Imam Hakim, may Allah have mercy on him

Reference: (Al-Mustadrak: 71, with authentication of its chain)

, and Hafiz Haishami, may Allah have mercy on him

Reference: (Majma' al-Zawa'id: 366)

, etc.
No trustworthy Imam has called him "weak."
As for Imam Bukhari, may Allah have mercy on him

Reference: (Al-Tarikh al-Saghir: 196)

, and Hafiz Saji, may Allah have mercy on him

Reference: (Tahdhib al-Tahdhib: 14)

, saying لا يتابع على حديثه, this is not harmful, because when he is clearly trustworthy, there is no harm in not following him. Hafiz Dhahabi, may Allah have mercy on him, writes:
كثير من الثقات قد تفردوا، فيصح أن يقال فيهم: لا يتابعون على بعض حديثهم.
"There are many trustworthy narrators about whom it is correct to say that they were not followed."

Reference: (Tarikh al-Islam: 1199/4, T Bashar)

Hafiz Dhahabi, may Allah have mercy on him, mentioned this in his book من تكلم فيه وهو موثق أو صالح الحديث

Reference: (127)

, therefore Hafiz Dhahabi's statement قوم يضعفون

Reference: (Mizan al-I'tidal: 131)

was not correct. Imam Abu Hatim al-Razi, may Allah have mercy on him, saying شيخ يكتب حديثه ولا يحتج به, is against the majority.
Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, may Allah have mercy on him

Reference: (Al-Sunnah lil-Khallal: 419)

, Imam Ibn Hibban, may Allah have mercy on him

Reference: (6657)

, Imam Ibn Abi Asim, may Allah have mercy on him

Reference: (Al-Sunnah: 1222)

, and Allama Ibn Taymiyyah, may Allah have mercy on him

Reference: (Majmu' al-Fatawa: 185)

have accepted this hadith, while Imam Hakim, may Allah have mercy on him

Reference: (Al-Mustadrak: 713)

, and Hafiz Busiri, may Allah have mercy on him

Reference: (It'haf al-Khira: 276)

have declared its chain "authentic."
Imam Tirmidhi, may Allah have mercy on him

Reference: (Sunan al-Tirmidhi: 2426)

, and Hafiz Ibn Hajar, may Allah have mercy on him

Reference: (Muwafaqat al-Khabar al-Khabar: 141)

have classified this hadith as "good."
❀ Hafiz Ibn Hajar, may Allah have mercy on him, says:
"Saeed bin Jumhan was a young Tabi'i and a truthful narrator."
No "trustworthy" Muhaddith has disputed this hadith; rather, the Muhaddithin have authenticated it and accepted it. Therefore, Ibn Khaldun, the historian

Reference: (Tarikh Ibn Khaldun: 458)

, and Ibn al-Arabi al-Maliki

Reference: (Al-'Awasim min al-Qawasim: 201)

not accepting it as authentic without evidence is insignificant.
❀ The historian of Islam, Hafiz Ibn Kathir, may Allah have mercy on him, writes:
وهذا الحديث فيه رد صريح على الروافض المنكرين لخلافة الثلاثة، وعلى النواصب من بني أمية ومن تبعهم من أهل الشام فى إنكار خلافة على بن أبى طالب.
"This hadith explicitly refutes the Rafidah; it mentions the caliphate of three, refutes the Banu Umayyah and the Nawasib of the people of Sham, because it affirms the caliphate of Sayyiduna Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, which they deny."

Reference: (Al-Bidaya wa al-Nihaya: 154/9)

❀ Muhammad bin Hanfiyyah, may Allah have mercy on him, narrates:
كنت مع علي، وعثمان محصور، قال: فأتاه رجل فقال: إن أمير المؤمنين مقتول، ثم جاء آخر فقال: إن أمير المؤمنين مقتول الساعة، قال: فقام علي، قال محمد فأخذت بوسطه تخوفا عليه، فقال: خل لا أم لك، قال: فأتى على الدار، وقد قتل الرجل، فأتى داره فدخلها، وأغلق عليه بابه، فأتاه الناس فضربوا عليه الباب، فدخلوا عليه فقالوا: إن هذا الرجل قد قتل ولا بد للناس من خليفة، ولا نعلم أحدا أحق بها منك، فقال لهم علي: لا تريدوني، فإني لكم وزير خير مني لكم أمير، فقالوا: لا والله ما نعلم أحدا أحق بها منك، قال: فإن أبيتم على فإن بيعتي لا تكون سرا، ولكن أخرج إلى المسجد فمن شاء أن يبايعني بايعني، قال: فخرج إلى المسجد فبايعه الناس.
In those days when Sayyiduna Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, was besieged, I was with Sayyiduna Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, when a man came and said: The Commander of the Faithful, Sayyiduna Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, has been martyred. Then another man brought the news that Sayyiduna Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, had just been martyred. Sayyiduna Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, stood up from his place; I held his hand out of concern. He said: May your mother not live, let go of my hand! You went to Sayyiduna Uthman's house, saw that he had been martyred, returned home, and closed the door. People began knocking on your door; when you opened it, they came to you and said, Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, has been martyred, now it is necessary that there be a caliph! And we think that no one is more deserving of this position than you. Sayyiduna Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, said: Do not think such a thing about me; rather than being a leader, it is better to be a minister. People said: By Allah! No one is more deserving of this position than you. He said: If you want to appoint me, my pledge will not be secret; I will go to the mosque, and whoever wants to pledge allegiance can come there and pledge. You went towards the mosque, and there the people pledged allegiance to you, may Allah be pleased with him.

Reference: (Fada'il al-Sahaba by Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal: 969, with authentic chain)

Adhere Strictly to the Sunnah of the Rightly Guided Caliphs​

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The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said:
فعليكم بسنتي وسنة الخلفاء الراشدين المهديين.
“Hold firmly to my Sunnah and the Sunnah of the Rightly Guided Caliphs.”

Reference: (Sunan Abi Dawood: 4607, Sunan al-Tirmidhi: 2676, Musnad Imam Ahmad: 126/4-127, and its chain is authentic)

❀ Imam Tirmidhi, may Allah have mercy on him, classified this hadith as "Hasan Sahih," Imam Ibn Hibban, may Allah have mercy on him (5), classified it as Sahih, Hafiz Zia al-Maqdisi, may Allah have mercy on him

Reference: (Itba' al-Sunnah wa Ijtinab al-Bida': 2)

classified it as "Sahih," Hafiz Bazzar, may Allah have mercy on him

Reference: (Jami' Bayan al-'Ilm wa Fadlih li Ibn Abd al-Barr: 2306)

said ثابت صحيح, and Hafiz Ibn Abd al-Barr, may Allah have mercy on him

Reference: (Jami' Bayan al-'Ilm wa Fadlih: 2306)

said ثابت.
❀ Imam Hakim, may Allah have mercy on him

Reference: (951)

, said:
صحيح، ليس له علة.
“This hadith is authentic and there is no defect in it.”
Hafiz Dhahabi, may Allah have mercy on him, agreed with him.
❀ Hafiz Abu Nu'aym Asbahani, may Allah have mercy on him, said:
وهذا حديث جيد من صحيح حديث الشاميين.
“This is a good hadith among the authentic narrations of the people of Sham.”

Reference: (Al-Musnad al-Mustakhraj 'ala Sahih al-Imam Muslim: 36/1)

❀ Hafiz Baghawi, may Allah have mercy on him

Reference: (Sharh al-Sunnah: 102)

, said it is "Hasan."
❀ Hafiz Ibn Kathir, may Allah have mercy on him, wrote:
وصححه أيضا الحافظ أبو نعيم الأصفهاني والدغولي، وقال شيخ الإسلام الأنصاري: هو أجود حديث فى أهل الشام وأحسنه.
“Hafiz Abu Nu'aym Asfahani, may Allah have mercy on him, and Hafiz Dughuli, may Allah have mercy on him, also declared it authentic. Shaykh al-Islam Ansari, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Among the narrations of the people of Sham, this hadith is good and excellent.”

Reference: (Tuhfat al-Talib bi Ma'rifat Ahadith Mukhtasar Ibn al-Hajib: 36)

Allah and the Messenger love our master Ali, may Allah be pleased with him​

​

❀ Sayyiduna Suhail bin Saad رضي الله عنه narrates:
أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال يوم خيبر: لأعطين هذه الراية غدا رجلا يفتح الله عليه، يحب الله ورسوله ويحبه الله ورسوله فلما أصبح الناس غدوا على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كلهم يرجو أن يعطى، فقال: أين على بن أبى طالب؟ فقالوا: يا رسول الله، يشتكي عينيه، قال: فأرسلوا إليه فأتي به، فبصق رسول الله فى عينيه، ودعا له، فبرأ كأن لم يكن به وجع، فأعطاه الراية، فقال علي: يا رسول الله، أقاتلهم حتى يكونوا مثلنا؟ قال: انفذ على رسلك حتى تنزل بساحتهم، ثم ادعهم إلى الإسلام، وأخبرهم بما يجب عليهم من حق الله، فوالله لأن يهدي الله بك رجلا واحدا خير لك من أن تكون لك حمر النعم.
"The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said on the day of the Battle of Khaybar: Tomorrow I will give the banner to someone whom Allah will grant victory through his hands. He loves Allah and His Messenger ﷺ, and Allah and His Messenger ﷺ love him. Now everyone desired that the banner be given to them, so the next morning all came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He asked: Where is Ali bin Abi Talib? It was said: O Messenger of Allah! He has an eye ailment. He said: Call him. When he was brought, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ put saliva in his eyes, then prayed, and his eyes were healed as if they had never been ill. The banner was given to him. Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه said: O Messenger of Allah! Shall I keep fighting them until they become like us? He said: Ali! Proceed gently, and when you reach the battlefield, invite them to Islam, tell them what rights Allah has upon them. By Allah! If even one person is guided because of you, it is better than red camels."

Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 4210, Sahih Muslim: 2406)

A supporting narration with a Hasan chain is found in

Reference: Fada'il al-Sahaba by al-Nasa'i (48)

, which Imam Ibn Hibban رحمه الله

Reference: (6933)

declared authentic.
In Sahih Muslim

Reference: (1807)

, Marhab said:
قد علمت خيبر أني مرحب شاكي السلاح بطل مجرب . إذا الحروب أقبلت تلهب
"All of Khaybar knows that I am Marhab, armed, experienced in battle, and brave when the flames of war ignite."
To this, Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه replied:
أنا الذى سمتني أمي حيدره كيث غابات كريه المنظره
"My mother named me Haidar; I am like the lions with terrifying appearances in the forests."
أوفيهم بالصاع كيل السندره
"I give full retribution to enemies as is given on a large scale. (I teach the enemy a thorough lesson.)"
"Then you struck Marhab on the head with a sword and killed him, and you were victorious."

Love, affection, and friendship with Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه are the way of the believers​

​

❀ Sayyiduna Imran bin Husain رضي الله عنه narrates:
بعث رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم جيشا، واستعمل عليهم على بن أبى طالب، فمضى فى السرية، فأصاب جارية، فأنكروا عليه، وتعاقدوا أربعة من أصحاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: إذا لقينا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أخبرناه بما صنع، وكان المسلمون إذا رجعوا من السفر بدووا برسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فسلموا عليه ثم انصرفوا إلى رحالهم، فلما قدمت السرية سلموا على النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقام أحد الأربعة فقال: يا رسول الله ألم تر إلى على بن أبى طالب صنع كذا وكذا؟ فأعرض عنه رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، ثم قام الثاني فقال مثل ذلك، ثم الثالث فقال مثل مقالته، ثم قام الرابع فقال مثل ما قالوا، فأقبل إليهم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم والغضب فى وجهه فقال: ما تريدون من علي؟ إن عليا مني وأنا منه وهو ولي كل مؤمن من بعدي.
"The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم sent an army and appointed Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه as its commander. Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه received a slave girl as war booty, which displeased the people. Four companions vowed that as soon as they met the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم, they would inform him about Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه’s action. It was the habit of the companions that upon returning from a journey, they would first present themselves to the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم to greet him, then go to their homes. When they presented themselves, one companion complained about Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه. The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم turned his attention elsewhere. The second companion stood up and said the same. Then the third companion stood and said the same. The fourth companion also said the same. Then the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم turned towards them, his face showing signs of anger. He said: What is your intention regarding Ali رضي الله عنه? Ali is from me, and I am from him. He is the guardian of every believer after me."

Reference: (Musnad al-Tayalisi: 829, Musnad Imam Ahmad: 437/4, Sunan al-Tirmidhi: 3712, Khawas Ali by al-Nasa'i: 89, and its chain is Hasan)

Imam Tirmidhi رحمه الله has graded this hadith as "Hasan Gharib," Imam Ibn Hibban رحمه الله

Reference: (6929)

and Imam Hakim رحمه الله

Reference: (110/3)

have declared it "Sahih," and Hafiz Dhahabi رحمه الله has approved their grading.

❀ Sayyiduna Buraidah رضي الله عنه narrates:
بعثنا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى اليمن مع خالد بن الوليد، وبعث عليا على جيش آخر، وقال: إن التقيتما فعلي على الناس، وإن تفرقتما فكل واحد منكما على حدته فلقينا بني زيد من أهل اليمن، وظهر المسلمون على المشركين فقتلنا المقاتلة، وسبينا الذرية، فاصطفى على جارية لنفسه من السبي، فكتب بذلك خالد بن الوليد إلى النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم، وأمرني أن أنال منه، قال: فدفعت الكتاب إليه، ونلت من علي، فتغير وجه رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقلت: هذا مكان العائذ بعثتني مع رجل وأمرتني بطاعته، فبلغت ما أرسلت به فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: لا تقعن يا بريدة فى علي، فإن عليا مني، وأنا منه، وهو وليكم بعدي.
"The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم sent us to Yemen under the leadership of Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid رضي الله عنه, then sent another army under the leadership of Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه and said: When both armies meet, Ali رضي الله عنه will be the agreed-upon commander. If they do not meet, then each army will have its own commander. Both armies met in the tribe of Bani Zaid in Yemen, a battle took place, and the Muslims overcame the polytheists. We killed the fighters and took their children as captives. Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه selected a slave girl for himself. Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid رضي الله عنه wrote a letter to the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and asked me to say some harsh words about Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه. I presented that letter to the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and also said something about Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه. The noble face of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم changed with anger. He said: I seek forgiveness. It was necessary for me to obey the commander I appointed, so he sent me this letter, and I delivered it to you. The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: Buraidah! Do not belittle Ali. Ali is from me, and I am from him, and he is your guardian after me."

Reference: (Musnad Imam Ahmad: 365/5, Khawas Ali by al-Nasa'i: 90, and its chain is Hasan)

❀ Sayyiduna Saad bin Abi Waqqas رضي الله عنه narrates:
سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يوم الجحفة وأخذ بيد علي، فخطب، فحمد الله وأثنى عليه ثم قال: يا أيها الناس إني وليكم قالوا: صدقت يا رسول الله ثم أخذ بيد على فرفعها وقال: هذا وليي، والمودي عني، وإن الله موالي من والاه، ومعاد من عاداه.
"It was the day of Juhfa, the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم was holding the hand of Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه and delivering a sermon, praising and glorifying Allah. He said: O people! I am your guardian. The companions said: Certainly, O Messenger of Allah! Then he raised the hand of Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه and said: This is my guardian, the one who fulfills my responsibility. Indeed, Allah is the friend of whoever is the friend of Ali رضي الله عنه, and He is the enemy of whoever is the enemy of Ali رضي الله عنه."

Reference: (Khawas Ali by al-Nasa'i: 9, and its chain is Hasan)

❀ Sayyida Aisha bint Saad رضي الله عنها narrates:
أخذ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بيد علي، فخطب، فحمد الله وأثنى عليه ثم قال: ألستم تعلمون أني أولى بكم من أنفسكم؟ قالوا: نعم، صدقت يا رسول الله، ثم أخذ بيد على فرفعها فقال: من كنت وليه فهذا وليه، فإن الله يوالي من والاه، ويعادي من عاداه.
"The Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم held the hand of Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه and gave a sermon, praising and glorifying Allah. Then he said: Do you know that I am more beloved to you than your own selves? They said: Yes, O Messenger of Allah! You have spoken the truth. Then he raised the hand of Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه and said: Whoever I am the guardian of, Ali رضي الله عنه is his guardian. Allah befriends whoever befriends Ali رضي الله عنه, and Allah is hostile to whoever is hostile to Ali رضي الله عنه."

Reference: (Khawas Ali by al-Nasa'i: 90, Musnad Imam Ahmad: 370/4, Sunan Ibn Asim: 1368, authenticated by Ibn Hibban: 6931, and its chain is Hasan)

❀ Sayyiduna Buraidah رضي الله عنه narrates:
لم يكن أحد من الناس أبغض إلى من على بن أبى طالب، حتى أحببت رجلا من قريش لا أحبه إلا على بغضاء علي، فبعث ذلك الرجل على خيل، فصحبته، وما أصحبه إلا على بغضاء علي، فأصاب سبيا، فكتب إلى النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم أن يبعث إليه من يخمسه، فبعث إلينا عليا، وفي السبي وصيفة من أفضل السبي، فلما خمسه صارت الوصيفة فى الخمس، ثم خمس فصارت فى أهل بيت النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم، ثم خمس فصارت فى آل علي، فأتانا ورأسه يقطر فقلنا: ما هذا؟ فقال: ألم تروا الوصيفة؟ صارت فى الخمس، ثم صارت فى أهل بيت النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم، ثم صارت فى آل علي، فوقعت عليها، فكتب وبعثني مصدقا لكتابه إلى النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم مصدقا لما قال علي: فجعلت أقول عليه: ويقول: صدق وأقول: ويقول: صدق، فأمسك بيدي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، وقال: أتبغض عليا؟ فقلت: نعم، فقال: لا تبغضه، وإن كنت تحبه فازدد له حبا، فوالذي نفسي بيده لنصيب آل على فى الخمس أفضل من وصيفة فما كان أحد بعد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أحب إلى من علي، قال عبد الله بن بريدة: والله ما فى الحديث بيني وبين النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم غير أبي.
"I disliked no one more than Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه, and for this reason, I loved a Qurayshi who also bore enmity towards Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه. This Qurayshi was appointed as the commander of an army, and I was with him. My companionship with him was solely due to my enmity towards Ali رضي الله عنه. In the battle, we captured some prisoners. We requested the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم to send someone among us to distribute the war booty. He sent Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه. Among the captives was a slave girl who was the best of them. During the distribution, the fifth (khums) portion came to the share of the Ahl al-Bayt. That slave girl came into the share of the family of Ali رضي الله عنه. The next morning, Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه did not come, and drops of water were falling from his head. We asked: What is this? He said: That slave girl who came into the share of the Ahl al-Bayt, then the family of Ali رضي الله عنه, I have established a relationship with her.
The Qurayshi wrote a letter to the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم and sent it through me for confirmation regarding what Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه had said. I read that letter before the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم, and he said: Ali رضي الله عنه has spoken the truth. Then I read more, and he said: This is also true. I read further, and the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم confirmed Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه. Then the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم took my hand and said: Buraidah! Do you bear enmity towards Ali رضي الله عنه? I said: Yes! He said: Do not bear enmity towards Ali رضي الله عنه, rather if you love him, then love him even more. By the One in Whose hand is Muhammad’s soul! The share of the family of Ali in the khums is greater than that of this slave girl. After the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم, Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه became the most beloved to me.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Buraidah narrates: By Allah! In this hadith, there is no intermediary between me and the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم except my father."

Reference: (Musnad Imam Ahmad: 350/5; Khawas Ali bin Abi Talib by al-Nasa'i: 97, Sharh Mushkil al-Athar by al-Tahawi: 160/4; and its chain is Hasan, also narrated by al-Bukhari: 4350 briefly)

Hadith: من كنت مولاه، فعلي مولاه has been declared mutawatir by Hafiz Suyuti رحمه الله

Reference: (911 AH)

.

Reference: (Qutaf al-Azhar al-Mutanathirah fi al-Ahadith al-Mutawatirah, p. 277)

❀ Imam Ibn Shaheen رحمه الله

Reference: (385 AH)

says:
هذا حديث غريب صحيح، وقد روى حديث غدير خم عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم نحو مائة نفس، وفيهم العشرة، وهو حديث ثابت، لا أعرف له علة، تفرد على بهذه الفضيلة، لم يشركه فيها أحد.
"This hadith is strange but authentic. Nearly one hundred companions narrated the hadith of Ghadir Khumm from the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم. Among them are the Ashra Mubashshara (the ten promised Paradise). This hadith is established, and I see no defect in it. In this virtue, Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه is unique; no one shares it with him."

Reference: (Sharh Madhahib al-Sunnah: 87)

❀ Hafiz Dhahabi رحمه الله writes:
فله طرق جيدة.
"It has excellent chains."

Reference: (Tadhkirat al-Huffaz: 164/3)

This hadith is narrated from the following companions:
① Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib رضي الله عنه:

Reference: (Musnad al-Bazzar: 632, its chain is Hasan, Khawas Ali by al-Nasa'i: 85, its chain is Hasan, Musnad Imam Ahmad: 370/4, its chain is Sahih, authenticated by Ibn Hibban: 6931, Zawaid Musnad Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal: 152/1, Zawaid Fada'il al-Sahaba: 1206, its chain is Hasan, Musnad Imam Ahmad: 366/5, its chain is Sahih, and Ibn Kathir said in Al-Bidaya wa al-Nihaya (210/5): This is a good chain, Khawas Ali by al-Nasa'i: 87, its chain is Sahih)

② Sayyiduna Zaid bin Arqam رضي الله عنه:

Reference: (Sunnah Ibn Abi Asim: 1371, its chain is Hasan)

③ Sayyiduna Saad bin Abi Waqqas رضي الله عنه:

Reference: (Sunnah Ibn Abi Asim: 1189, Musnad al-Bazzar: 1023, Khawas Ali by al-Nasa'i: 9, 94, 95, its chain is Hasan, authenticated by al-Dhiya fi al-Mukhtara: 937)

Musa bin Yaqub al-Zam'i is considered trustworthy and a good narrator by the majority of hadith scholars.

❀ Imam Yahya bin Ma'in رحمه الله has declared him trustworthy.

Reference: (Tarikh Yahya bin Ma'in: 672)

❀ Imam Ibn Shaheen رحمه الله has also declared him trustworthy.

Reference: (Tarikh al-Thiqat: 1349)

❀ Imam Ibn 'Adi رحمه الله says:
غير ما ذكرت أحاديث حسان، وهو عندي لا بأس به وبرواياته.
"Besides the mentioned narrations, his hadiths are good. In my view, there is no defect in him or his narrations."

Reference: (Al-Kamil fi Du'afa al-Rijal: 343/6)

❀ Imam Ibn Hibban رحمه الله has declared him trustworthy.

Reference: (Al-Thiqat: 758/7)

❀ Imam Ibn al-Qattan al-Fasi رحمه الله has also declared him trustworthy.

Reference: (Tahdhib al-Tahdhib: 337/10)

❀ Imam Ibn al-Jarud

Reference: (1065)

, Imam Ibn Khuzaymah

Reference: (419)

, Imam Hakim

Reference: (113-114)

, Hafiz Dhahabi رحمه الله, Imam Diya al-Maqdisi

Reference: (al-Mukhtara: 1307)

, and Hafiz Nawawi رحمه الله

Reference: (al-Adhkar: 189)

have authenticated his hadith and confirmed its reliability.

Imam Abdul Rahman bin Mahdi رحمه الله narrated from him, and he narrates from a person whom they consider trustworthy.

❀ Imam Tirmidhi رحمه الله

Reference: (484)

, Hafiz Baqawi رحمه الله

Reference: (686)

, and Hafiz Ibn Hajar رحمه الله (فتح الباري 313، المطالب العالية: 4323) have graded his hadith as Hasan and confirmed its authenticity.

❀ Allama Haishami رحمه الله has declared him trustworthy.

Reference: (Majma' al-Zawa'id: 107/9)

❀ He also says:
وثقه جماعة.
"A group of hadith scholars have declared him trustworthy."

Reference: (Majma' al-Zawa'id: 38/9)

❀ Hafiz Ibn Kathir رحمه الله says:
الزمعي صدوق، قال شيخنا الذهبي: وهذا حديث حسن غريب
"Al-Zam'i is truthful. Our Shaykh Dhahabi رحمه الله said this hadith is Hasan."

Reference: (Al-Bidaya wa al-Nihaya: 212/5)

Hafiz Dhahabi رحمه الله mentioned him in his book من تكلم فيه وهو موثق (Description of narrators who have been discussed but are trustworthy) and said صالح الحديث.

It has not been proven that Imam Ali bin al-Madini رحمه الله called him weak or rejected his hadith. Even if it were proven, it would be insignificant compared to the majority.

Similarly, Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal رحمه الله’s statement about him لا يعجبني حديثه (I do not like his hadith)

Reference: (Tahdhib al-Tahdhib by Ibn Hajar: 337)

is also not proven.

Imam Darqutni رحمه الله

Reference: (Al-‘Ilal: 113)

said about him لا يحتج به, and Imam al-Nasa'i رحمه الله

Reference: (Al-Du'afa: 553)

said ليس بالقوي. This is unacceptable because it contradicts the majority’s authentication.

The rest of Hafiz Dhahabi رحمه الله’s statements in

Reference: (Mukhtasar al-Mustadrak: 348)

where he calls him ليس بذاك, and in

Reference: (Al-Kashf: 168)

where he calls him فيه لين, as well as Hafiz Munziri’s

Reference: (Mukhtasar al-Sunan: 86)

كافيه مقال and Hafiz Ibn Hajar رحمه الله’s

Reference: (Taqrib al-Tahdhib: 7026)

سيء الحفظ are against the majority of hadith scholars and their own research.

Therefore, Hafiz Iraqi رحمه الله’s

Reference: (Al-Mughni: 83)

statement about him ضعفه الجمهور is also not correct.

④ Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas رضي الله عنهما:

Reference: (Musnad Imam Ahmad: 330/1-331, Sunnah Ibn Abi Asim: 1361, Khawas Ali by al-Nasa'i: 24, its chain is Hasan, and Imam Hakim said: 134/3: Sahih Isnad)

Riyah bin Harith رحمه الله says:
جاء رهط إلى على بالرحبة فقالوا: السلام عليك يا مولانا قال: كيف أكون مولاكم وأنتم قوم عرب؟ قالوا: سمعنا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يوم غدير خم يقول: من كنت مولاه، فإن هذا مولاه قال رياح: فلما مضوا تبعتهم، فسألت من هؤلاء؟ قالوا: نفر من الأنصار فيهم أبو أيوب الأنصاري.
"A group came to Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه in Rahba and said: Peace be upon you, O our master! Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه said: How can I be your master when you are Arabs? They said: We heard the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم say: Whoever I am the master of, this one is his master. Riyah رحمه الله says: When they left, I followed them and asked: Who were these? They said: They were some people of the Ansar, among them is Abu Ayyub al-Ansari رضي الله عنه."

Reference: (Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah: 60/13, Musnad Imam Ahmad: 419/5, Sunnah Ibn Abi Asim: 1355, Mu'jam al-Sahaba by al-Baghawi: 1822, al-Mu'jam al-Kabir by al-Tabarani: 4053, 4052, al-Shari'ah by al-Ajri: 1517, and its chain is Sahih)

Sayyiduna Saeed bin Wahb رضي الله عنه narrates:
قام خمسة أو ستة من أصحاب النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم فشهدوا أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: من كنت مولاه، فعلي مولاه.
"Five or six companions testified that the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: Whoever I am the master of, Ali is his master."

Reference: (Musnad Imam Ahmad: 336/5, Khawas Ali by al-Nasa'i: 86, its chain is Sahih)

Sayyiduna Zaid bin Arqam رضي الله عنه narrates that the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said three times at the occasion of Ghadir Khumm:
أذكركم الله فى أهل بيتي.
"I warn you about the Ahl al-Bayt with the fear of Allah."

Reference: (Sahih Muslim: 2408)

The first Caliph Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddiq رضي الله عنه said to the fourth Caliph Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه:
والذي نفسي بيده، لقرابة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أحب إلى أن أصل من قرابتي.
"By the One in Whose hand is my soul! Taking care of the kinship of the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم is more beloved to me than my own kinship."

Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 3712)

He also said:
أرقبوا محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم فى أهل بيته.
"Take care of the rights of Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم regarding the Ahl al-Bayt."

Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 3713)

The Love of Ali and Uthman رضي الله عنهما in One Heart​

​

❀ Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik رضي الله عنه says that (Rafidhi and Nasibi) people say:
إن حب عثمان وعلي لا يجتمعان فى قلب مؤمن وكذبوا قد جمع الله عز وجل حبهما بحمد الله فى قلوبنا.
"A believer's heart cannot contain the love of Sayyiduna Uthman and Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنهما (both), this is their lie. Alhamdulillah! Allah Almighty has combined the love of both in our hearts."

Reference: (Ash-Shari'ah: 1226, 1227, Mu'jam Ibn al-A'rabi: 95, and its chain is authentic)

❀ Imam Abu Shahab Hinnat رحمه الله says:
لا يجتمع حب أبى بكر وعمر وعثمان وعلي رضي الله عنهم إلا فى قلوب أنقياء هذه الأمة.
"The love of Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali رضي الله عنهم (all) can only reside in the hearts of the pious people of this Ummah."

Reference: (Ash-Shari'ah: 1228, and its chain is authentic)

❀ Maymun bin Mihran رحمه الله says:
إن أقواما يقولون: لا يسعنا أن نستغفر لعثمان وعلي، وأنا أقول: غفر الله لعثمان وعلي وطلحة والزبير.
"A group says: It is beyond our capacity to seek forgiveness for Uthman and Ali رضي الله عنهما. I say: May Allah forgive Uthman, Ali, Talha, and Zubair رضي الله عنهم."

Reference: (Ash-Shari'ah: 1229, and its chain is good)

Disparaging Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه is Disparaging the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم​

​

❀ Sayyiduna Saad bin Abi Waqqas رضي الله عنه narrates that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said:
من أذى عليا فقد أذاني.
"Whoever harms Ali رضي الله عنه, has harmed me."

Reference: (Zawaid Fada'il al-Sahaba by Al-Qutay'i: 1078, and its chain is Hasan)

❀ Abu Abdullah Jadali رحمه الله narrates:
قالت لي أم سلمة: أيسب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فيكم على رؤوس الناس؟ فقلت: سبحان الله، وأنى يسب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم؟ فقالت: أليس يسب على بن أبى طالب ومن يحبه، فأشهد أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم كان يحبه.
"Sayyida Umm Salama رضي الله عنها said to me: Is it true that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم is spoken ill of in front of you people? I said: SubhanAllah! How can anyone speak ill of the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم? She said: Do people not speak ill of Ali bin Abi Talib رضي الله عنه and his lovers? While I bear witness that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم loved them."

Reference: (Musnad Abi Ya'la: 7013, Al-Mu'jam Al-Kabir by Al-Tabarani: 323/23, Al-Mu'jam As-Saghir by Al-Tabarani: 822, and its chain is Hasan)

❀ Abu Raja Attardi رحمه الله says:
لا تسبوا عليا، ولا أهل هذا البيت، إن جارا لنا من بني الهجيم قدم من الكوفة فقال: ألم تروا هذا الفاسق ابن الفاسق؟ إن الله قتله، يعني الحسين عليه السلام، قال: فرماه الله بكوكبين فى عينه، فطمس الله بصره.
"Do not speak ill of Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه and his family. A neighbor of ours from Banu Hujaym who came from Kufa said: Look at this sinful son of a sinner, meaning Sayyiduna Hussain رضي الله عنه, may Allah protect us! Allah destroyed him. Two heavenly embers struck his eyes and Allah took away his sight."

Reference: (Fada'il al-Sahaba by Ahmad ibn Hanbal: 972, Al-Mu'jam Al-Kabir by Al-Tabarani: 119/3, and its chain is Sahih)

❀ Abu Bakr bin Khalid bin Urfatah narrates:
رأيت سعد بن مالك بالمدينة فقال: ذكر أنكم تسبون عليا قلت: قد فعلنا قال: لعلك سببته؟ قلت: معاذ الله قال: لا تسبه، فإن وضع المنشار على مفرقي على أن أسب عليا ما سببته بعد ما سمعت من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ما سمعت.
"I met Sayyiduna Saad bin Malik رضي الله عنه in Madinah, he said: It has come to my knowledge that your people speak ill of Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه? I said: Indeed, we have done that. He said: Perhaps you too? I said: Mu'adh Allah! He said: Do not insult him, by Allah! If I were to place a saw on my head, I would not speak ill of Ali رضي الله عنه after what I have heard about his status from the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم."

Reference: (Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah: 80/12, Musnad Abi Ya'la: 777, Al-Mukhtara by Ad-Diya Al-Maqdisi: 1017, and its chain is Hasan)

❀ Hafiz Haashimi رحمه الله says:
"Its chain is Hasan."

Reference: (Majma' az-Zawa'id: 130/9)

Hazrat Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and Enmity Towards Ahl al-Bayt is a Cause of Hypocrisy and Hellfire​

​

❀ Hazrat Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) states:
والذي فلق الحبة، وبرأ النسمة لعهد النبى الأمي صلى الله عليه وسلم إلي: لا يحبني إلا مؤمن، ولا يبغضني إلا منافق.
“By the One Who split the grain and created living beings! The Prophet (peace be upon him) has promised me that only a believer will love me, and only a hypocrite will harbor enmity towards me.”

Reference: (Sahih Muslim: 78, Khawas Ali by An-Nasa’i: 100)

❀ Hazrat Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) says:
ليحبني قوم حتى يدخلوا النار في، وليبغضني قوم حتى يدخلوا النار فى بغضي.
“One nation will enter the fire due to excess in loving me, and another nation will enter the fire due to enmity against me.”

Reference: (As-Sunnah by Ibn Abi ‘Asim: 983, and its chain is authentic)

Hazrat Abu Saeed Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:
والذي نفسي بيده لا يبغضنا أهل البيت أحد إلا أدخله الله النار.
“By the One in Whose hand is my soul! Allah will surely admit into Hellfire whoever harbors enmity towards us, the Ahl al-Bayt.”

Reference: (Sahih Ibn Hibban: 6978, Al-Mustadrak by Al-Hakim: 150/3, and its chain is good)

Imam Hakim (may Allah have mercy on him) declared this hadith “authentic according to the condition of Imam Muslim (may Allah have mercy on him).”

Three Characteristics​

​

❀ Aamir bin Saad bin Abi Waqas, may Allah have mercy on him, narrates:
أمر معاوية سعدا، فقال: ما منعك أن تسب أبا تراب؟ قال: أما ما ذكرت ثلاثا قالهن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فلن أسبه، لأن تكون لي واحدة منهن أحب إلى من حمر النعم، سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول له، وخلفه فى بعض مغازيه، فقال له علي: يا رسول الله تخلفني النساء والصبيان؟ فقال له رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: أما ترضى أن تكون مني بمنزلة هارون من موسى، إلا أنه لا نبوة بعدي؟ وسمعته يقول فى يوم خيبر: لأعطين الراية رجلا يحب الله ورسوله، ويحبه الله ورسوله فتطاولنا لها، فقال: ادعوا لي عليا فأتي به أرمد، فبصق فى عينيه، ودفع الراية إليه، ولما نزلت، زاد هشام:
﴿إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ﴾

Reference: (Al-Ahzab: 33)

دعا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عليا، وفاطمة، وحسنا، وحسينا فقال: اللهم، يعني هؤلاء أهلي.
Sayyiduna Muawiyah, may Allah be pleased with him, appointed Sayyiduna Saad, may Allah be pleased with him, as commander and asked: What is the reason you do not insult Sayyiduna Abu Turab (Ali, may Allah be pleased with him)? He replied: I do not insult him because I remember three commands of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, which he gave to Sayyiduna Ali, may Allah be pleased with him. Each command is dearer to me than red camels. I myself heard that when the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, left Sayyiduna Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, behind in a battle, Sayyiduna Ali said: O Messenger of Allah! Will you leave me behind with children and women? He said: Are you not pleased that your position with me is like that of Musa (Moses) to Harun (Aaron)? However, after me, the chain of prophethood is ended. I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, say on the day of Khaibar: I will entrust the banner of war to the one who loves Allah and His Messenger and whom Allah and His Messenger love. We desired it. The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: Bring Ali to me. He was brought; he was suffering from eye inflammation. The Prophet, peace be upon him, applied saliva to his eyes and handed him the banner. Allah granted victory through his hands. When this verse was revealed: ﴿إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ﴾

Reference: (Al-Ahzab: 33)

(O Ahl al-Bayt! Allah intends to remove impurity from you.) The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, called Ali, Fatimah, Hasan, and Husayn, may Allah be pleased with them, and said: Allah! These are my Ahl al-Bayt.

Reference: (Sahih Muslim: 2404, Khasais Ali by Al-Nasa'i: 11)

Prayers that the Prophet ﷺ taught to Sayyidina Ali رضي الله عنه​

​

① Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه narrates that the Prophet Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم taught me this prayer during times of distress:
لا إله إلا الله الحليم الكريم، سبحان الله، وتبارك الله رب العرش العظيم، والحمد لله رب العالمين.
"There is no deity except Allah, He is Forbearing and Generous, Pure is Allah, the Most Blessed, the Lord of the Great Throne, and all praise is for Allah, the Lord of the worlds, the Sustainer of all the worlds."

Reference: (Musnad Imam Ahmad: 94,91/1; its chain is Hasan)

② Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه narrates:
أن فاطمة عليها السلام شكت ما تلقى من أثر الرحى، فأتى النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم سبي، فانطلقت فلم تجده، فوجدت عائشة فأخبرتها، فلما جاء النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم أخبرته عائشة بمجيء فاطمة، فجاء النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم إلينا وقد أخذنا مضاجعنا، فذهبت لأقوم، فقال: على مكانكما، فقعد بيننا حتى وجدت برد قدميه على صدري، وقال: ألا أعلمكما خيرا مما سألتماني، إذا أخذتما مضاجعكما تكبرا أربعا وثلاثين، وتسبحا ثلاثا وثلاثين، وتحمدا ثلاثا وثلاثين فهو خير لكما من خادم.
"Lady Fatimah رضي الله عنها used to feel the hardship of grinding the millstone a lot. In this regard, she went to the Prophet Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم and said, 'Give me a servant.' The Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم was not at home, so she went to Lady Aisha رضي الله عنها and explained her request. When the Prophet Muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم returned home, Lady Aisha رضي الله عنها conveyed this message to him. The Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم came to us while we were lying down. When I was about to get up, he said: 'Stay in your place.' He sat among us, and I felt the coolness of the Prophet’s feet on my chest. He said: 'Shall I not tell you something better than what you asked for? When you go to bed, recite Allahu Akbar 34 times, SubhanAllah 33 times, and Alhamdulillah 33 times; this is better than a servant.'"

Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 3705, Sahih Muslim: 2727)

The Special Favor of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ​

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❀ Sayyiduna Ali ibn Abi Talib رضي الله عنه narrates:
كانت لي منزلة من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لم تكن لأحد من الخلائق، فكنت آتيه كل سحر فأقول له: السلام عليك يا نبي الله، فإن تنحنح انصرفت إلى أهلي، وإلا دخلت عليه.
“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ had a position for me that no one else among the creation of Allah had. Every day at the time of suhoor, I would present myself before him ﷺ and say: السلام عليك يا نبي الله! If the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was busy clearing his throat, I would return, otherwise I would enter.”

Reference: (Musnad Imam Ahmad: 85/1, Khasais Ali ibn Abi Talib by An-Nasa’i: 118, authenticated by Ibn Khuzaymah: 902, and its chain is Hasan)

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ: The Mount of the Shoulders of the Scholars​

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❀ Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه narrates:
انطلقت مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حتى أتينا الكعبة، فصعد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم على منكبي، فنهض به على فلما رأى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ضعفه قال له: اجلس فجلس، فنزل نبي الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال: اصعد على منكبي فنهض به رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال علي: إنه ليخيل إلى أني لو شئت لئلت أفق السماء، فصعد على الكعبة وعليها تمثال من صفر أو نحاس، فجعلت أعالجه لأزيله يمينا وشمالا، وقداما ومن بين يديه، ومن خلفه، حتى إذا استمكنت منه قال نبي الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: اقذفه فقذفت به فكسرته كما تكسر القوارير، ثم نزلت، فانطلقت أنا ورسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم نستبق حتى توارينا بالبيوت خشية أن يلقانا أحد من الناس.
I came to the Kaaba with the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم, and he صلى الله عليه وسلم mounted on my shoulders. Seeing that I was weak, he dismounted and said: Climb on my shoulders. When you stand, it felt to me as if I would reach the horizon of the skies. I climbed onto the Kaaba, on which there was a statue made of brass or copper. I tried to pull it out from right, left, front, and back. When I pulled it out, the Prophet of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: Throw it down. I threw it down, and those statues shattered like glass. I came down. Then, fearing that someone might meet us on the way, we quickly returned to our homes.

Reference: (Musnad Imam Ahmad: 84/1, Zawaid Musnad Imam Ahmad: 151/1; Tahdhib al-Athar by al-Tabari: p. 237; Musnad Ali ibn Abi Talib, Al-Mustadrak by al-Hakim: 262/2, 367, and he said: The chain of narration is authentic, and its chain is good)

The prayer of the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم which was most beloved to him on the face of the earth​

​

❀ Sayyiduna Ali al-Murtaza رضي الله عنه narrates:
أنه جاء رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: إن عمك الشيخ الضال قد مات، فمن يواريه؟ قال: اذهب فوار أباك، ولا تحدث حدثا حتى تأتيني ففعلت، ثم أتيته، فأمرني أن أغتسل، فاغتسلت، ودعا لي بدعوات ما يسرني ما على الأرض بشيء منهن.
"I asked the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم: Your misguided uncle, Dama, has died; who will bury him? He said: Go and bury your father, and listen! Do nothing until you return to me! I did as instructed, then came back to you. You ordered me to perform the ritual bath (ghusl), and when I completed it, the Noble Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم made many supplications for me, those prayers are more beloved to me than the entire world."

Reference: (Musnad al-Imam Ahmad: 97/1, 131; Sunan Abi Dawood: 3214; Sunan an-Nasa'i: 190, 2008; authenticated by Ibn Khuzaymah (as in Al-Isabah by Ibn Hajar: 114/7) and Ibn al-Jarood: 550, also narrated by Abu Dawood al-Tayalisi: p. 19, hadith: 120, with a good and connected chain, and an authentic chain)

Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه's group is the group closest to the truth​

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❀ Sayyiduna Abu Saeed Khudri (RA) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
تمرق مارقة عند فرقة من الناس تقتلها أولى الطائفتين بالحق.
"When people become divided, a group of the Kharijites will leave Islam, and those who are closer to the truth will fight against them."

Reference: (Sahih Muslim: 1064/150, Khawas Ali by Al-Nasa'i: 172)

❀ Sayyida Umm Salamah (RA) narrates:
لما كان يوم الخندق، وهو يعاطيهم اللبن، وقد اغبر شعر صدره قالت: فوالله ما نسيته، وهو يقول: اللهم إن الخير خير الآخرة فاغفر للأنصار والمهاجرين، قالت: وجاء عمار فقال: ابن سمية تقتلك الفئة الباغية.
"On the day of the Battle of the Trench, the Prophet (ﷺ) was giving bricks to the Companions, causing the hair on his chest to become dusty. Sayyida Umm Salamah (RA) narrates: By Allah! I have not forgotten the scene when the Prophet (ﷺ) was saying: O Allah! The real good is the good of the Hereafter, so forgive the Ansar and the Muhajirun. Sayyida Umm Salamah (RA) says: At that time, Sayyiduna Ammar (RA) came, and the Prophet (ﷺ) said: Son of Sumayyah! A rebellious group will kill you."

Reference: (Musnad Imam Ahmad: 289/6, 315; Sahih Muslim: 73/2816)

Sayyiduna Abu Saeed Khudri (RA) narrates that a better person than me, Sayyiduna Abu Qatada (RA), said that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to Sayyiduna Ammar (RA):
بوسا لك يا ابن سمية، ومسح الغبار عن رأسه تقتلك الفئة الباغية.
"Son of Sumayyah! There is distress; a rebellious group will kill you." At that time, the Prophet (ﷺ) was wiping dust off his head.

Reference: (Musnad Imam Ahmad: 306/5; Sahih Muslim: 2235/4)

❀ Hanzalah bin Khuwailid (RA) narrates:
كنت عند معاوية، فأتاه رجلان يختصمان فى رأس عمار يقول: كل واحد منهما أنا قتلته، فقال عبد الله بن عمرو ليطب به أحدكما نفسا لصاحبه، فإني سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول: تقتله الفئة الباغية.
"I was with Sayyiduna Muawiyah (RA) when two men came to him disputing over the head of Sayyiduna Ammar (RA). Each was claiming that he had killed him. Then Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr (RA) said: One of you should give glad tidings to himself! I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say that Ammar (RA) will be killed by a rebellious group."

Reference: (Al-Tabaqat Al-Kubra by Ibn Sa'd: 253/3; Musnad Imam Ahmad: 164/2, 206; Khawas Ali by Al-Nasa'i: 164, and its chain is authentic)

Hafiz Dhahabi (RA) has declared its chain to be strong.

Reference: (Al-Mu'jam Al-Mukhtas: p. 96)

The Honor of Jihad Against the Kharijites:​

❀ Sayyiduna Abu Saeed Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:
تمرق مارقة عند فرقة من الناس تقتلها أولى الطائفتين بالحق.
"When people have become divided, a group of Kharijites will emerge, and the group closest to the truth will fight against them."

Reference: (Sahih Muslim: 1064/150, Khawas Ali by Al-Nasa'i: 172)

❀ Sayyiduna Abu Saeed Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates:
كنا جلوسا ننتظر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فخرج إلينا قد انقطع شسع نعله، فرمى بها إلى على فقال: إن منكم من يقاتل على تأويل القرآن كما قاتلت على تنزيله فقال أبو بكر: أنا؟ قال: لا قال عمر: أنا قال: لا، ولكن صاحب النعل.
"We were sitting waiting for the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), when he came to us. The strap of his shoe broke, so he gave it to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), who tied it in a knot. Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: A person will strive in the interpretation of the Qur'an just as I strove when it was revealed. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: O Messenger of Allah! Is it me? He said: No. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: O Messenger of Allah! Is it me? He said: No, rather it is the owner of the shoe strap (Ali, may Allah be pleased with him)."

Reference: (Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah: 64/12; Musnad Imam Ahmad: 31/3, 33, 82; Khawas Ali by Al-Nasa'i: 156, Zawaid Fada'il al-Sahaba by Al-Qutay'i: 1071)

This narration was declared authentic by Imam Ibn Hibban (may Allah have mercy on him)

Reference: (6937)

and Imam Hakim (may Allah have mercy on him)

Reference: (122/3)

said it is authentic according to the conditions of Bukhari and Muslim, and Hafiz Dhahabi (may Allah have mercy on him) agreed with them.
❀ Sayyiduna Abu Saeed Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates:
أن النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم ذكر قوما يكونون فى أمته، يخرجون فى فرقة من الناس، سيماهم التحالق قال: هم شر الخلق أو من أشر الخلق يقتلهم أدنى الطائفتين إلى الحق قال: فضرب النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم لهم مثلا، أو قال قولا: الرجل يرمي الرمية أو قال العرض فينظر فى النصل فلا يرى بصيرة، وينظر فى النضي فلا يرى بصيرة، وينظر الفوق فلا يرى بصيرة قال: قال أبو سعيد: وأنتم قتلتموهم، يا أهل العراق.
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) mentioned some people who will emerge in the days of division, characterized by shaved heads, the worst of creation. The group closest to the truth will kill them. The Prophet (peace be upon him) gave their example as if a man shoots an arrow at prey, then carefully examines the nock (rear part) of the arrow and sees no sign of blood. Then he looks at the shaft and feathers and finds no mark. Then he looks at the notch where the bowstring is attached and finds no mark.
"The narrator of the hadith (Abu Nadr, may Allah have mercy on him) says that Sayyiduna Abu Saeed Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) said: People of Iraq! You will kill them."

Reference: (Sahih Muslim: 149/1064)

❀ Sayyiduna Abu Saeed Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates:
قوم يخرجون من هذه الأمة، فذكر من صلاتهم، وزكاتهم، وصومهم يمرقون من الإسلام كما يمرق السهم من الرمية، لا يجاوز القرآن تراقيهم يخرجون فى فرقة من الناس، يقاتلهم أقرب الناس إلى الحق.
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) mentioned the prayer, zakat, and fasting of the Kharijites and said: They will leave Islam just as an arrow leaves the prey. The Qur'an will not pass down their throats. Their emergence will be in the days of discord. The group closest to the truth will fight them."

Reference: (Sahih Muslim: 153/1064)

❀ Sayyiduna Abu Saeed Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates:
بينا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقسم ذات يوم قسما فقال ذو الخويصرة التميمي: يا رسول الله اعدل قال: ويحك ومن يعدل إذا لم أعدل؟ فقام عمر فقال: يا رسول الله ائذن لي حتى أضرب عنقه فقال له رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: لا، إن له أصحابا يحتقر أحدكم صلاته مع صلاته، وصيامه مع صيامه، يمرقون من الدين مروق السهم من الرمية، حتى إن أحدهم لينظر إلى نصله فلا يجد فيه شيئا، ثم ينظر إلى رصافه فلا يجد فيه شيئا، ثم ينظر إلى نضيه فلا يجد فيه شيئا، ثم ينظر إلى قذذه فلا يجد فيه شيئا سبق الفرث والدم، يخرجون على خير فرقة من الناس، آيتهم رجل أدعج إحدى يديه مثل ثدي المرأة، أو كالبضعة تدردر قال أبو سعيد: أشهد لسمعت هذا من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، وأشهد أني كنت مع على بن أبى طالب حين قاتلهم، فأرسل إلى القتلى، فأتي به على النعت الذى نعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم.
We were present with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) while he was distributing war booty, when a man named Dhul-Khuwasirah from the tribe of Banu Tamim came and said: O Messenger of Allah! Be just. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Alas! If I do not act justly, then who will? Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Permit me, I will cut off his neck. He said: No, leave him; he will have some companions. You will consider your prayer less than theirs, your fasting less than theirs. They will leave the religion just as an arrow leaves the prey, so that when the root of the arrow's feather is examined, no mark will be seen; then the feather will be examined, no mark will be found; then the pike of the arrow will be examined, no mark will be seen; and the part between the feather and the pike will be examined, no mark will be found, although the arrow passed through dung and blood. They will rebel against the best group of people. Their sign is a black man whose one arm is raised like a woman's breast or like moving flesh.
"Sayyiduna Abu Saeed Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I bear witness that I heard this hadith from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). I bear witness that when Sayyiduna Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) fought them, I was with him. When that man was searched for, his entire appearance was as the Prophet (peace be upon him) described."

Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 6163)

❀ Ubaidullah ibn Abu Rafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates:
أن الحرورية، لما خرجت مع على بن أبى طالب فقالوا: لا حكم إلا لله قال علي: كلمة حق أريد بها باطل، إن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وصف ناسا، إني لأعرف صفتهم فى هؤلاء الذين يقولون الحق بألسنتهم لا يجوز هذا وأشار إلى حلقه من أبغض خلق الله إليه، منهم أسود إحدى يديه طبي شاة أو حلمة ثدي، فلما قاتلهم على قال: انظروا فنظروا، فلم يجدوا شيئا فقال: ارجعوا والله ما كذبت، ولا كذبت، مرتين أو ثلاثا، ثم وجدوه فى خربة، فأتوا به حتى وضعوه بين يديه، قال عبيد الله: أنا حاضر ذلك من أمرهم، وقول على فيهم.
The Haruriyyah rebelled against Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), saying: "No rule except for Allah." Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: They are using the truth as a pretext to intend falsehood. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had spoken about them: I know them well; those signs are found in them. They say the truth with their tongues but it does not pass down their throats (he pointed to his throat). They are the most hated creatures by Allah. Among them is a man named Aswad whose hand is like the back of a goat or the tip of a woman's breast. When Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) fought them, he said: Search for (Dhul-Thadiyah)! When he was not found, he said: By Allah! I did not lie to you, nor did the Prophet (peace be upon him) lie. He said this two or three times. People brought his corpse from a ruin. The narrator Ubaidullah ibn Abu Rafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) says: When this whole event happened and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said this, I was present there."

Reference: (Sahih Muslim: 157/1066, Khawas Ali by Al-Nasa'i: 177)

❀ Suwayd ibn Ghaflah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates that he heard Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) say:
إذا حدثتكم عن نفسي فإن الحرب خدعة، وإذا حدثتكم عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فلأن أخر من السماء أحب إلى من أن أكذب على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول: يخرج قوم أحداث الأسنان، سفهاء الأحلام، يقولون من خير قول البرية، لا يجاوز إيمانهم حناجرهم، يمرقون من الدين كما يمرق السهم من الرمية، فإن أدركتهم فاقتلهم، فإن فى قتلهم أجرا لمن قتلهم يوم القيامة.
"If I say something on my own, listen! War is deception, but if I attribute something to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), I would rather fall from the sky than lie about the Prophet (peace be upon him). I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say: Some young men will appear who are weak in intellect and recite the Qur'an, but their faith will not pass down their throats. They will leave the religion just as an arrow leaves the prey. Wherever you find them, kill them. There is a great reward for their killers on the Day of Judgment."

Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 6930; Sahih Muslim: 154/1066)

❀ Kalib ibn Shahab Jarami al-Kufi (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates:
كنت عند على جالسا إذ دخل رجل عليه ثياب السفر قال: وعلي يكلم الناس، ويكلمونه فقال: يا أمير المؤمنين أتأذن أن أتكلم فلم يلتفت إليه، وشغله ما هو فيه، فجلست إلى الرجل، فسألته ما خبرك؟ قال: كنت معتمرا، فلقيت عائشة فقالت لي: هؤلاء القوم الذين خرجوا فى أرضكم يسمون حرورية قلت: خرجوا فى موضع يسمى حروراء، فسموا بذلك، فقالت: طوبى لمن شهد هلكتهم، لو شاء ابن أبى طالب لأخبركم خبرهم، فجئت أسأله عن خبرهم، فلما فرغ على قال: أين المستأذن؟ فقص عليه كما قص علينا قال: إني دخلت على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وليس عنده أحد غير عائشة أم المؤمنين فقال لي: كيف أنت يا علي، وقوم كذا وكذا؟ قلت: الله ورسوله أعلم، وقال: ثم أشار بيده فقال: قوم يخرجون من المشرق يقرؤون القرآن لا يجاوز تراقيهم، يمرقون من الدين كما يمرق السهم من الرمية، فيهم رجل مخدج كأن يده ثدي أنشدكم بالله أخبرتكم بهم؟ قالوا: نعم قال: أنشدكم بالله أخبرتكم أنه فيهم؟ قالوا: نعم قال: فأتيتموني، فأخبرتموني أنه ليس فيهم، فحلفت لكم بالله أنه فيهم، فأتيتموني به تسحبونه كما نعت لكم؟ قالوا: نعم قال: صدق الله ورسوله.
I was sitting with Sayyiduna Ali al-Murtadha (may Allah be pleased with him) when a man wearing travel clothes came to him. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was engaged in conversation with people and did not pay attention to him. I went and sat near that man and asked: What do you want to say? He said: I went to Mecca for Umrah and met Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her). She said: Why are those who rebelled in your area called Haruriyyah? I said: Because they emerged from a place called Harura. She said: Glad tidings for those who participate in killing them. If Ibn Abi Talib wishes, he can tell you more; I came to ask about this. When Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) finished, he asked: Where is the one who sought permission? When the man told Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) about Sayyidah Aisha's words, he said: I went to the house of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), and no one was with him except Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her). The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Ibn Abi Talib! What will happen when people are in such a state? I said: Allah and His Messenger know best. He said: A people will emerge from the east opposing you (he gestured with his hand). They will recite the Qur'an but it will not pass down their throats. They will leave the religion just as an arrow leaves the bow. Among them will be a man with defective hands; one of his hands will be like a woman's breast. Then Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Swear, have I told you about them? People said: Yes! Have I told you that he is among them? People said: Yes. He said: Then you said he is not among them. I swear by Allah, he is among them. Then they dragged his corpse to me. People said: Yes! He said: Allah and His Messenger spoke the truth."

Reference: (Zawaid Musnad Imam Ahmad: 160/1, Khawas Ali ibn Abi Talib by Al-Nasa'i: 183, Al-Sunnah by Ibn Abi Asim: 913, and its chain is Hasan)

Hafiz Ibn Kathir (may Allah have mercy on him) said its chain is "Jayyid" (good)

Reference: (Al-Bidaya wa al-Nihaya: 293/7)

.
❀ Zaid ibn Wahb (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates:
خطبنا على بقنطرة الديزجان فقال: إنه قد ذكر لي خارجة تخرج من قبل المشرق، وفيهم ذو الثدية، فقاتلهم، فقالت الحرورية بعضهم لبعض: لا تكلموه، فيردكم كما ردكم يوم حروراء، فشجر بعضهم بعضا بالرماح، فقال رجل من أصحاب علي: اقطعوا العوالي، والعوالي الرماح، فداروا واستداروا، وقتل من أصحاب على اثنا عشر رجلا، أو ثلاثة عشر رجلا فقال علي: التمسوا المخدج، وذلك فى يوم شات فقالوا: ما نقدر عليه، فركب على بغلة النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم الشهباء، فأتى وهدة من الأرض فقال: التمسوه فى هؤلاء، فأخرج فقال: ما كذبت، ولا كذبت فقال: اعملوا ولا تتكلوا، لولا أني أخاف أن تتكلوا لأخبرتكم بما قضى الله لكم على لسانه، يعني النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم، ولقد شهدنا أناس باليمن قالوا: كيف يا أمير المؤمنين؟ قال: كان هداهم معنا.
At the bridge of Dizan, Sayyiduna Ali al-Murtadha (may Allah be pleased with him) gave us a sermon and said: I was informed about a people among whom will be Dhul-Thadiyah. This people will rise against you from the east; fight them!
The Kharijites said to each other: Do not talk to them! They will reject you as the Haruriyyah did. They began throwing arrows at each other. A man from Sayyiduna Ali's group said: Stop their spears! They were surrounded, and twelve or thirteen companions of Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) were martyred. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Search for the defective-handed one. That day the cold was severe. People said: We could not find him. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) mounted the mule named Shahba of the Prophet (peace be upon him), and near a pit he said: Search here! His corpse was found there. He said: I did not lie, nor did the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) lie. He said: Keep acting, do not rely only on trust (tawakkul). If I did not fear that you would rely on tawakkul, I would inform you of the divine decree that Allah revealed to you through the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). (Also Sayyiduna Ali said): The Yemenis are with us. People asked: O Commander of the Faithful! How is that? He said: They have also been guided with us."

Reference: (Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah: 311/15; Musnad Al-Bazzar: 580, and its chain is Hasan)

❀ Salmah ibn Kahil (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates that Zaid ibn Wahb (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
أنه كان فى الجيش الذين كانوا مع على الذين ساروا إلى الخوارج، فقال علي: أيها الناس إني سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول: سيخرج قوم من أمتي يقرؤون القرآن، ليس قراءتكم إلى قراءتهم شيئا، ولا صلاتكم إلى صلاتهم شيئا، ولا صيامكم إلى صيامهم شيئا، يقرؤون القرآن يحسبون أنه لهم، وهو عليهم، لا تجاوز صلاتهم تراقيهم، يمرقون من الإسلام كما يمرق السهم من الرمية، لو تعلمون الجيش الذى يصيبونهم ما قضي لهم على لسان نبيهم صلى الله عليه وسلم لا تكلوا على العمل، وآية ذلك أن فيهم رجلا له عضد، وليست له ذراع، على رأس عضده مثل حلمة ثدي المرأة عليه شعرات بيض. قال سلمة : فنزلني زيد منزلا منزلا حتى مررنا على قنطرة، على الخوارج عبد الله بن وهب الراسبي فقال لهم : ألقوا الرماح، وسلوا سيوفكم من جفونها، فإني أخاف أن يناشدوكم قال : فسلوا السيوف، وألقوا جفونها، وشجرهم الناس يعني برماحهم فقتل بعضهم على بعض، وما أصيب من الناس يومئذ إلا رجلان قال على : التمسوا فيهم المخدج، فلم يجدوه، فقام على بنفسه حتى أتى ناسا قتلى بعضهم على اتي بعض قال : جردوهم ، فوجدوه مما يلي الأرض ، فكبر على وقال : صدق الله، وبلغ رسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقام إليه عبيدة السلماني فقال : يا أمير المؤمنين الله الذى لا إله إلا هو سمعت هذا الحديث من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم؟ قال : إي والله الذى لا إله إلا هو لسمعته من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، حتى استحلفه ثلاثا وهو يحلف له.
"He was among the army that set out with Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) to suppress the Kharijites. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O people! I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say that some people of my Ummah will appear who will recite the Qur'an, but their recitation will be nothing compared to yours; their prayer will be nothing compared to yours; and their fasting will be nothing compared to yours. They will recite the Qur'an and think it is in their favor (i.e., a proof for them), while it will be an argument against them. Their prayers will not pass down their throats. They will leave Islam just as an arrow leaves the prey. If the army going to fight them knew what the Prophet (peace be upon him) said about them, they would abandon reliance on other good deeds. Their sign is that among them is a man whose arm from the elbow to the shoulder exists but below the elbow does not; the upper part of his arm is like the tip of a woman's breast and has white hair.
Salmah ibn Kahil (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates that Zaid ibn Wahb (may Allah have mercy on him) dropped me at every station until we passed over a bridge. (The narrator says that when we confronted them) Abdullah ibn Wahb Rasbi was their leader. He said: Throw spears and draw swords from their sheaths! I fear they will demand from you.
The narrator says they threw spears and drew swords, leaving the sheaths behind. People fought with spears. The Kharijites' corpses piled up. On that day, only two of Sayyiduna Ali's companions were martyred. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Search for the defective-handed one. They could not find him. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up and came to those who had killed each other and said: Remove these corpses. It was seen that the defective-handed one was clinging to the ground. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said Allahu Akbar and said: Allah spoke the truth, and the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) conveyed it.
Ubaidah Sulmani (may Allah have mercy on him) asked: O Commander of the Faithful! Can you swear by Allah, the True God, that you heard this from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) yourself? He said: Yes! By Allah, the True God! I heard this hadith from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) myself. He swore three times, and you (Sayyiduna Ali) kept swearing."

Reference: (Sahih Muslim: 156/1066, Khawas Ali ibn Abi Talib by Al-Nasa'i: 196)

❀ Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates:
لما خرجت الحرورية اعتزلوا فى دار، وكانوا ستة آلاف فقلت لعلي: يا أمير المؤمنين أبرد بالصلاة، لعلي أكلم هؤلاء القوم قال: إني أخافهم عليك قلت: كلا، فلبست، وترجلت، ودخلت عليهم فى دار نصف النهار، وهم يأكلون فقالوا: مرحبا بك يا ابن عباس، فما جاء بك؟ قلت لهم: أتيتكم من عند أصحاب النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم المهاجرين والأنصار، ومن عند ابن عم النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم وصهره، وعليهم نزل القرآن، فهم أعلم بتأويله منكم، وليس فيكم منهم أحد، لأبلغكم ما يقولون، وأبلغهم ما تقولون، فانتحى لي نفر منهم قلت: هاتوا ما نقمتم على أصحاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وابن عمه قالوا: ثلاث قلت: ما هن؟ قال: أما إحداهن، فإنه حكم الرجال فى أمر الله وقال الله:﴿إِنِ الْحُكْمُ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ﴾

Reference: (Al-An'am: 57)

ما شأن الرجال والحكم؟ قلت: هذه واحدة قالوا: وأما الثانية، فإنه قاتل، ولم يسب، ولم يغنم، إن كانوا كفارا لقد حل سباهم، ولئن كانوا مؤمنين ما حل سباهم ولا قتالهم قلت: هذه ثنتان، فما الثالثة؟ وذكر كلمة معناها قالوا: محا نفسه من أمير المؤمنين، فإن لم يكن أمير المؤمنين، فهو أمير الكافرين قلت: هل عندكم شيء غير هذا؟ قالوا: حسبنا هذا قلت: أرأيتكم إن قرأت عليكم من كتاب الله جل ثناؤه وسنة نبيه ما يرد قولكم أترجعون؟ قالوا: نعم، قلت: أما قولكم: حكم الرجال فى أمر الله، فإني أقرأ عليكم فى كتاب الله أن قد صير الله حكمه إلى الرجال فى ثمن ربع درهم، فأمر الله تبارك وتعالى أن يحكموا فيه أرأيت قول الله تبارك وتعالى: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَقْتُلُوا الصَّيْدَ، وَأَنْتُمْ حُرُمٌ، وَمَنْ قَتَلَهُ مِنْكُمْ مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاءٌ مِثْلُ مَا قَتَلَ مِنَ النَّعَمِ يَحْكُمُ بِهِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ﴾

Reference: (Al-Ma'idah: 95)

وكان من حكم الله أنه صيره إلى الرجال يحكمون فيه، ولو شاء لحكم فيه، فجاز من حكم الرجال، أنشدكم بالله أحكم الرجال فى صلاح ذات البين، وحقن دمائهم أفضل أو فى أرنب؟ قالوا: بلى، هذا أفضل وفي المرأة وزوجها:﴿وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقَ بَيْنِهِمَا فَابْعَثُوا حَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَحَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا﴾

Reference: (An-Nisa: 35)

فنشدتكم بالله حكم الرجال فى صلاح ذات بينهم، وحقن دمائهم أفضل من حكمهم فى بضع امرأة؟ أفخرجت من هذه؟ قالوا: نعم قلت: وأما قولكم قاتل ولم يسب، ولم يغنم، أفتسبون أمكم عائشة، تستحلون منها ما تستحلون من غيرها وهى أمكم؟ فإن قلتم: إنا نستحل منها ما نستحل من غيرها فقد كفرتم، وإن قلتم: ليست بأمنا فقد كفرتم: ﴿النَّبِيُّ أَوْلَى بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَأَزْوَاجُهُ أُمَّهَاتُهُمْ﴾

Reference: (Al-Ahzab: 6)

فأنتم بين ضلالتين، فأتوا منها بمخرج، أفخرجت من هذه؟ قالوا: نعم، وأما محو نفسه من أمير المؤمنين، فأنا آتيكم بما ترضون، إن نبي الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يوم الحديبية صالح المشركين فقال لعلي: اكتب يا على هذا ما صالح عليه محمد رسول الله قالوا: لو نعلم أنك رسول الله ما قاتلناك فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: امح يا علي، اللهم إنك تعلم أني رسول الله، امح يا علي، واكتب هذا ما صالح عليه محمد بن عبد الله والله لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم خير من علي، وقد محا نفسه، ولم يكن محوه نفسه ذلك محاه من النبوة، أخرجت من هذه؟ قالوا: نعم، فرجع منهم ألفان، وخرج سائرهم، فقتلوا على ضلالتهم، فقتلهم المهاجرون والأنصار.
"When the people of Harura rebelled, they were gathered in a large group of six thousand in one house. I said to Sayyiduna Ali al-Murtadha (may Allah be pleased with him): O Commander of the Faithful! Please cool down the prayer so that I may talk to the Kharijites. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I fear they may harm you. I said: That will not happen. So I wore a beautiful garment, combed my hair, and reached them at exactly noon while they were eating. (Note that Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) was a handsome man with a loud voice.) They welcomed me warmly and said: Ibn Abbas! What brings you here? I said: I am coming from the Muhajirin and Ansar, the companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him), your cousin and the son-in-law of the Prophet (peace be upon him), during whose time the Qur'an was revealed. They know the interpretation and meaning of the Qur'an better than you. None of their people is with you. I will introduce your views to them and theirs to you. Some people separated and came to me. I asked: What complaints do you have against the companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him)? They said: There are three complaints. I asked: What are they? They said: The first complaint is that they accepted humans as judges in the matter of Allah, whereas Allah said: ﴿إِنِ الْحُكْمُ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ﴾ "Judgment is only for Allah."

Reference: (Al-An'am: 57)

What relation do humans have with judgment? I said: One complaint is answered. What is the second complaint? They said: The second complaint is that they fought (Sayyiduna Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) and his companions) but neither took them as prisoners nor plundered their wealth. If they were disbelievers, it was permissible to take prisoners, and if they were believers, it was not permissible to fight them. I said: That is the second complaint answered. What is the third complaint? Or something similar. They said: They erased the title of Amir al-Mu'minin from the treaty of Tahkim. If he is not Amir al-Mu'minin, then is he (God forbid) Amir al-Kafirun? Then I asked: Are there any other complaints? They said: No, that is all. I said: If I prove your words wrong by the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of the Messenger, will you return? (i.e., repent from rebellion and join the Muslims) They said: Yes! I said: Regarding the complaint that they accepted humans as judges in the matter of Allah, I recite a verse of the Qur'an in which Allah allowed people to judge in a matter as small as a quarter of a dirham and ordered them to decide. What do you think about Allah's words: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَقْتُلُوا الصَّيْدَ، وَأَنْتُمْ حُرُمٌ، وَمَنْ قَتَلَهُ مِنْكُمْ مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاءٌ مِثْلُ مَا قَتَلَ مِنَ النَّعَمِ يَحْكُمُ بِهِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ﴾ "O people! Do not hunt while in Ihram, but if you deliberately hunt, then you must give a like animal from four-footed livestock as compensation, decided by two just men among you."

Reference: (Al-Ma'idah: 95)

Allah's command is that He has delegated judgment to people so that they may decide. If Allah wished, He could have decided it Himself, yet He allowed people to judge in this matter. I ask by Allah: Is it better to appoint judges to remove disputes and bring reconciliation among people and prevent bloodshed, or to appoint judges for a rabbit worth a quarter of a dirham? They said: Yes! That is better and preferable.
Listen further! Allah Almighty said about husband and wife: ﴿وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقَ بَيْنِهِمَا فَابْعَثُوا حَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَحَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا﴾ "If you fear a breach between them, appoint an arbitrator from his family and an arbitrator from her family."

Reference: (An-Nisa: 35)

I ask by Allah: Is appointing judges to reconcile Muslims and prevent mutual bloodshed better than the pleasures of a woman? Has the first objection been answered? They said: Yes! Then I said: Regarding the complaint that they fought but did not take prisoners or plunder wealth, I ask: Would you like to imprison your mother Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her)? Would you consider permissible what you consider permissible for others (female slaves) for her? Although she is your mother. If you say: Everything permissible for female slaves is permissible for her, then you have disbelieved; and if you say she is not our mother, then you are also a disbeliever. Allah says: ﴿النَّبِيُّ أَوْلَى بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَأَزْوَاجُهُ أُمَّهَاتُهُمْ﴾ "The Prophet has more right over the believers than themselves, and his wives are their mothers."

Reference: (Al-Ahzab: 6)

You are caught between two misguidances; you must find a way out. Has this objection also been removed? They said: Yes! Then I said: Regarding the complaint that they erased the title of Amir al-Mu'minin, I give you a proof you will like. When the Prophet (peace be upon him) made peace with the polytheists at Hudaybiyyah, he said to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him): Ali! Write: This is a treaty on which Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), is making peace. Hearing this, the polytheists said: If we accepted you as the Messenger of Allah, why would we fight you? Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Ali! Erase it. Allah knows best that I am the Messenger of Allah. Ali! Erase it and write: "This is a treaty on which Muhammad ibn Abdullah is making peace."
(After giving this proof, Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) said to the Kharijites By Allah! The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) is better than Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him).
Then he himself erased the words "Muhammad, Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)." So this did not mean that he erased his prophethood. Has the last complaint also been fully answered? They said: Yes! Then two thousand of them returned to the group of Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), and the rest refused, fought Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), and were killed by the hands of the Muhajirin and Ansar while remaining in their error."

Reference: (Musnad Imam Ahmad: 342/1; Sunan Abi Dawud: 4037 briefly; Khawas Ali by Al-Nasa'i: 190 and the wording is his; Al-Ma'rifah wa al-Tarikh by Al-Fasawi: 522/1; Al-Mu'jam al-Kabir by Al-Tabarani: 312/10; Al-Mustadrak by Al-Hakim: 150/2, and its chain is Hasan)

Imam Hakim (may Allah have mercy on him) declared it authentic according to Imam Muslim's conditions, and Hafiz Dhahabi (may Allah have mercy on him) agreed with him.

Honoring the Name Mustafa​

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❀ Sayyiduna Bara' bin Azib رضي الله عنه narrates:
لما صالح رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أهل الحديبية وقال ابن بشار: أهل مكة كتب على كتابا بينهم قال: فكتب محمد رسول الله فقال المشركون: لا تكتب محمد رسول الله، لو كنت رسول الله لم نقاتلك قال: على امحه قال: ما أنا بالذي أمحاه، فمحاه رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بيده، فصالحهم على أن يدخل هو وأصحابه ثلاثة أيام ولا يدخلها إلا بجلبان السلاح فسألته قال ابن بشار: فسألوه ما جلبان السلاح؟ قال: القراب بما فيه.
"When the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم made peace with the people of Hudaybiyyah (Ibn Bashar, the narrator, said: meaning the people of Makkah), the document was written by Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه. He wrote in it: 'This agreement is from Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم.' The polytheists objected to this, saying do not write 'Messenger of Allah' with the name Muhammad; if you were truly a Messenger, then why would we fight you? So the Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم instructed Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه to erase the words 'Messenger of Allah.' Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه said that he could not erase it, so the Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم himself erased those words with his own hand and made peace with the polytheists on the condition that you صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم and your companions come to Makkah for three days the following year, entering with weapons sheathed. Imam Ibn Bashar says that the students asked Imam Shuba about what 'Jalban al-Silah' (mentioned) is, and he explained that it is the sheath and the thing inside it is called Jalban."

Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 2698; Sahih Muslim: 1783)

Prediction of Martyrdom and an Example of Faith in Hadith​

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❀Abu Sinan Yazid bin Umayyah ad-Dawli, may Allah have mercy on him, narrates that when Sayyiduna Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, recovered from an illness, we said:
الحمد لله الذى أصحك يا أمير المؤمنين قد كنا خفنا عليك فى مرضك هذا، فقال: لكني لم أخف على نفسي، حدثني الصادق المصدوق، قال: لا تموت حتى يضرب هذا منك يعني رأسه وتخضب هذه دما يعني لحيته، ويقتلك أشقاها كما عقر ناقة الله أشقى بني فلان خصه إلى فخذه الدنيا دون ثمود.
“O Commander of the Faithful! Thanks be to Allah, the Lord of Glory, who granted you health. We were afraid for you because of this illness.” Then Sayyiduna Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “I was not afraid because the truthful and trustworthy Prophet, peace be upon him, told me: You will not die until your head is wounded, your beard is stained with blood, and an unfortunate person martyred you. Just as the unfortunate people of Thamud killed Allah’s she-camel. They slit open the she-camel’s belly near the thigh, but (Ahmar) Thamudi did not participate in this.”

Reference: (Musnad Abd bin Humayd: 92, with a good chain)

Imam Hakim, may Allah have mercy on him, declared it authentic according to Imam Bukhari’s conditions.

Reference: (113/3)

Love for the Hadith of the Messenger, peace be upon him​

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❀ Marwan bin Hakam, may Allah have mercy on him, says:
شهدت عثمان، وعليا رضي الله عنهما وعثمان ينهى عن المتعة، وأن يجمع بينهما، فلما رأى على أهل بهما، لبيك بعمرة وحجة، قال: ما كنت لأدع سنة النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم لقول أحد.
"I have met both Sayyiduna Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, and Ali, may Allah be pleased with him. Sayyiduna Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, used to forbid Hajj Tamattu’, but when Sayyiduna Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, saw this, he said: 'Labbaik bi Umrah wa Hajj (I respond to Umrah and Hajj), I will not abandon the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, on someone else's word.'"

Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 1563, Sahih Muslim: 1223)

Accepting after hearing the Hadith​

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❀ Ikramah, may Allah have mercy on him, narrates:
أن عليا حرق قوما ارتدوا عن الإسلام، فبلغ ذلك ابن عباس، فقال: لو كنت أنا لقتلتهم بقول رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: من بدل دينه فاقتلوه، ولم أكن لأحرقهم لقول رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: لا تعذبوا بعذاب الله، فبلغ ذلك عليا، فقال: صدق ابن عباس.
"Sayyiduna Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, burned the apostates in fire. When Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas, may Allah be pleased with both of them, heard about this, he said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Whoever turns away from Islam, kill him. If the decision was in my hands, I would have killed them, not burned them, because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Do not punish with the punishment of Allah. When Sayyiduna Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, heard this, he said: Abdullah bin Abbas, may Allah be pleased with both of them, is telling the truth."

Reference: (Sunan al-Tirmidhi: 1458, and he said: Hasan Sahih, and its chain is Hasan)

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was pleased with Sayyidina Ali رضي الله عنه​

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❀ Sayyidina Umar bin Khattab رضي الله عنه narrates:
توفي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وهو عنهم راض، فسمى عليا، وعثمان، والزبير، وطلحة، وسعدا، وعبد الرحمن.
"When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed away, he was pleased with these people: Ali رضي الله عنه, Uthman, Zubair, Talha, Saad, and Abdur Rahman رضي الله عنهم."

Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 3700)

❀ Also, Sayyidina Umar bin Khattab رضي الله عنه said:
إني لا أعلم أحدا أحق بهذا الأمر من هؤلاء النفر الذين توفي رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وهو عنهم راض، فمن استخلفوا بعدي فهو الخليفة فاسمعوا له وأطيعوا، فسمى عثمان، وعليا، وطلحة، والزبير، وعبد الرحمن بن عوف، وسعد بن أبى وقاص.
"When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed away, he was pleased with these people, and I think no one has a greater right to the caliphate than them. Whoever you appoint as caliph among them after me, obey and follow him. These people are: Sayyidina Uthman رضي الله عنه, Sayyidina Ali, Sayyidina Talha, Sayyidina Zubair, Sayyidina Abdur Rahman bin Awf, and Sayyidina Saad bin Abi Waqqas رضي الله عنهم."

Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 1392)

Such a Prayer of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ​

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❀ Mutrif bin Abdullah, may Allah have mercy on him, narrates:
صليت أنا وعمران بن حصين خلف على بن أبى طالب، فكان إذا سجد كبر، وإذا رفع رأسه من السجود كبر، وإذا نهض من الركعتين كبر، فلما قضى أخذ عمران بيدي، فقال: لقد ذكرني هذا صلاة محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم.
“I, along with Sayyiduna Imran bin Husain, may Allah be pleased with him, were praying behind Sayyiduna Ali, may Allah be pleased with him. He would go into prostration, raise his head from prostration, and after two rak'ahs, he would say Allahu Akbar. When the prayer was completed, Sayyiduna Imran bin Husain, may Allah be pleased with him, took my hand and said: He reminded me of the prayer of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him.”

Reference: (Sunan an-Nasa'i: 1082, and its chain is authentic)

Sayyiduna Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, is among the people of Paradise​

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❀ Sayyiduna Saeed bin Zaid رضي الله عنه narrates that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم said:
عشرة فى الجنة: النبى فى الجنة، وأبو بكر فى الجنة، وعمر فى الجنة، وعثمان فى الجنة، وعلي فى الجنة، وطلحة فى الجنة، والزبير بن العوام فى الجنة، وسعد بن مالك فى الجنة، وعبد الرحمن بن عوف فى الجنة، ولو شئت لسميت العاشر. قال: فقالوا: من هو؟ فسكت. قال: فقالوا: من هو؟ فقال: هو سعيد بن زيد.
"Ten will enter Paradise: the Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم, Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali, Talha, Zubair bin Awwam, Saad bin Malik, Abdur Rahman bin Awf رضي الله عنهم. If I wish, I can also name the tenth. It was asked: Who is he? He remained silent. Then it was asked again: Who is he? He said: He is Saeed bin Zaid رضي الله عنه."

Reference: (Sunan Abi Dawood: 4649, and its chain is Hasan)

Imam Tirmidhi رحمه الله called it Hasan

Reference: (3757)

and Imam Ibn Hibban رحمه الله called it "Sahih"

Reference: (6993)

.
A supporting narration with a Sahih chain is found in Musnad Ahmad

Reference: (193/1)

and Tirmidhi

Reference: (3747)

. Imam Ibn Hibban رحمه الله also called it "Sahih"

Reference: (7200)

.

The First to Bow Before Allah​

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❀Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه narrates:
أنا أول من يجذو بين يدي الرحمن للخصومة يوم القيامة. وقال قيس بن عباد: وفيهم أنزلت:﴿هَذَانِ خَصْمَانِ اخْتَصَمُوا فِي رَبِّهِمْ﴾

Reference: (Al-Hajj: 19)

قال: هم الذين تبارزوا يوم بدر: حمزة، وعلي، وعبيدة، أو أبو عبيدة بن الحارث، وشيبة بن ربيعة، وعتبة بن ربيعة، والوليد بن عتبة.
I am the one who will be the first to prostrate before Allah on the Day of Judgment and will argue. Qais bin Ibad says: Regarding this verse:
﴿هَذَانِ خَصْمَانِ اخْتَصَمُوا فِي رَبِّهِمْ﴾
"These two disputed over their Lord."
It refers to those who were in the battle of Badr. One group consists of Hamza, Ali, and Ubaidah or Abu Ubaidah bin Harith رضي الله عنهم, and the other group consists of Shibah bin Rabi'ah, Utbah bin Rabi'ah, and Walid bin Utbah."

Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 3965, Sahih Muslim: 3033)

The House of Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه​

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❀ Saad bin Ubadah رضي الله عنه narrates:
جاء رجل إلى ابن عمر فسأله عن عثمان، فذكر عن محاسن عمله، قال: لعل ذاك يسوءك؟ قال: نعم، قال: فأرغم الله بأنفك، ثم سأله عن على فذكر محاسن عمله، قال: هو ذاك بيته، أوسط بيوت النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم، ثم قال: لعل ذاك يسوءك؟ قال: أجل، قال: فأرغم الله بأنفك انطلق فاجهد على جهدك.
"Someone asked Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar رضي الله عنهما about Sayyiduna Uthman رضي الله عنه, and he described the virtues of Sayyiduna Uthman رضي الله عنه. Then he said: Perhaps you disliked this? The person replied: Yes. He said: May Allah make your nose dusty. Then he asked about Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه, and he said: His house is between the houses of the Prophet ﷺ. Perhaps you disliked this as well? The person replied: Yes! He said: May Allah make your nose dusty, go and issue any fatwa you wish against me."

Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 3704)

Understanding the Quran and Sunnah​

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❀ Abu Juhaifah, may Allah have mercy on him, asked Sayyiduna Ali, may Allah be pleased with him:
هل عندكم كتاب؟ قال: لا، إلا كتاب الله، أو فهم أعطيه رجل مسلم، أو ما فى هذه الصحيفة. قال: قلت: فما فى هذه الصحيفة؟ قال: العقل، وفكاك الأسير، ولا يقتل مسلم بكافر۔
"Do you have any book?" He said: No, except the Book of Allah and the understanding that is given to a Muslim or this scroll. It was asked: What is in this scroll? He said: Issues of debts, freeing slaves, and that a Muslim should not be killed in place of a disbeliever."

Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 111)

The Messengers of Surah Bara'ah​

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❀ Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik رضي الله عنه narrates:
بعث النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم ببراءة مع أبى بكر، ثم دعاه فقال: لا ينبغي لأحد أن يبلغ هذا إلا رجل من أهلي فدعا عليا فأعطاه إياه.
"The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ sent Sayyiduna Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه with Surah Bara'ah, then he called him and said: It is more appropriate that this declaration of disassociation be delivered by someone from my household. The Prophet ﷺ then called Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه and gave it to him."

Reference: (Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah: 84/12-85, Musnad Imam Ahmad: 212/3, 283, Sunan al-Tirmidhi: 3090, and he said: Hasan Gharib, Khawas Ali by al-Nasa'i: 75, Mushkil al-Athar by al-Tahawi: 3588, 3589, and its chain is Hasan)

Hafiz Ibn Hajar رحمه الله has graded its chain as Hasan.

Reference: (Fath al-Bari Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari: 320/8)

❀ Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah رضي الله عنه narrates:
بعثني أبو بكر فى تلك الحجة فى مؤذنين

Reference: (p.83

يوم النحر، نؤذن بمنى: أن لا يحج بعد العام مشرك ولا يطوف بالبيت عريان. قال حميد بن عبد الرحمن: ثم أردف رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عليا، فأمره أن يؤذن ببراءة، قال أبو هريرة: فأذن معنا على فى أهل منى يوم النحر: لا يحج بعد العام مشرك ولا يطوف بالبيت عريان.
"On the day of Nahr (sacrifice), Sayyiduna Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه sent me along with the mu'adhdhin (callers to prayer) who were proclaiming in Mina: After today, no polytheist will perform Hajj, nor will anyone circumambulate the House of Allah naked. Hamid bin Abdul Rahman says: Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ appointed Sayyiduna Ali رضي الله عنه as a mu'adhdhin and he also began proclaiming with us: O people! After today, no polytheist will perform Hajj, after today no one will circumambulate naked."

Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 369)

Humility and Submission​

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❀ Muhammad bin Hanfiya, may Allah have mercy on him, asked Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him:
أى الناس خير بعد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم؟ قال: أبو بكر، قلت: ثم من؟ قال: ثم عمر، وخشيت أن يقول عثمان، قلت: ثم أنت؟ قال: ما أنا إلا رجل من المسلمين.
"Who is the best personality after the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him?" He replied: Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him. It was asked: Then who? He said: Umar, may Allah be pleased with him. Then there was a concern that if asked next, the name of Uthman would be mentioned. It was said: Father! Then it is you? He said: I am just an ordinary Muslim."

Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 815/2, Hadith: 3671, Sunan Abi Dawood: 4629, Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah: 473/7, As-Sunnah by Ibn Abi Asim: 1204, 1206, Ash-Shari'ah by Al-Ajri: 1866, 1869, Al-I'tiqad by Al-Bayhaqi: 517, and the wording is his, and its chain is authentic)

Desire to Die Like the Three Caliphs​

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اقضوا كما كنتم تقضون، فإني أكره الاختلاف، حتى يكون للناس جماعة، أو أموت كما مات أصحابي.
"(People of Iraq! Do whatever you want regarding the emancipation of the mothers of the children), I cannot differ with Sayyiduna Abu Bakr and Umar, may Allah be pleased with them, on this issue. I wish that the unity of the Ummah remains established and that I die in the manner of the three Caliphs."

Reference: (Sahih al-Bukhari: 3707, and its chain is authentic)

If Reason Ruled Over Revelation​

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❀ Abdul Khair Tabi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, narrates:
رأيت على بن أبى طالب، يمسح ظهور قدميه، ويقول: لولا أني رأيت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم مسح على ظهورهما، لظننت أن بطونهما أحق.
"I saw Sayyiduna Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, wiping over the upper part of the feet (in the footwear). He said: If I had not seen the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, wiping over the upper part of the feet, I would have said that wiping over the lower part of the feet is better."

Reference: (Musnad al-Humaydi: 26/1, Hadith: 47, its chain is authentic)

Do not complain about Ali, may Allah be pleased with him!​

❀ Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, narrates:
اشتكى عليا الناس، قال: فقام رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فينا خطيبا، فسمعته يقول: أيها الناس لا تشكوا عليا، فوالله إنه لأخشن فى ذات الله، أو فى سبيل الله.
"People complained about Sayyiduna Ali, may Allah be pleased with him. The Noble Prophet, peace be upon him, stood among us for a sermon and said: O people! Do not complain about Ali, may Allah be pleased with him! By Allah! Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, is the most cautious in the way of Allah and His essence."

Reference: (Fada'il al-Sahaba by Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal: 1161, its chain is Hasan)