Definition of Tawheed:
To believe in the Oneness of Allah Almighty in His Being, Attributes, Powers, and Rights, and to hold the belief that in these four aspects Allah Almighty has no partner (i.e., no associate or sharer), this is Tawheed.
Explanation of Pure Tawheed:
The command of Allah Almighty is:
[قُلۡ ہُوَ اللّٰہُ اَحَدٌ]،[اَللّٰہُ الصَّمَدُ]،[لَمۡ یَلِدۡ وَ لَمۡ یُوۡلَدۡ]،[وَ لَمۡ یَکُنۡ لَّہٗ کُفُوًا اَحَدٌ]
[Say, He is Allah, [Who is] One,] [Allah, the Eternal Refuge.] [He neither begets nor is born,] [Nor is there to Him any equivalent.]
Reference: Surah Al-Ikhlas
The command of Allah Almighty is:
[اِنَّ فِیۡ خَلۡقِ السَّمٰوٰتِ وَ الۡاَرۡضِ وَ اخۡتِلَافِ الَّیۡلِ وَ النَّہَارِ وَ الۡفُلۡکِ الَّتِیۡ تَجۡرِیۡ فِی الۡبَحۡرِ بِمَا یَنۡفَعُ النَّاسَ وَ مَاۤ اَنۡزَلَ اللّٰہُ مِنَ السَّمَآءِ مِنۡ مَّآءٍ فَاَحۡیَا بِہِ الۡاَرۡضَ بَعۡدَ مَوۡتِہَا وَ بَثَّ فِیۡہَا مِنۡ کُلِّ دَآبَّۃٍ ۪ وَّ تَصۡرِیۡفِ الرِّیٰحِ وَ السَّحَابِ الۡمُسَخَّرِ بَیۡنَ السَّمَآءِ وَ الۡاَرۡضِ لَاٰیٰتٍ لِّقَوۡمٍ یَّعۡقِلُوۡنَ]
[Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth and the alternation of the night and the day and the [great] ships which sail through the sea with that which benefits people, and what Allah has sent down from the heavens of rain, giving life thereby to the earth after its lifelessness and dispersing therein every [kind of] moving creature, and [in] the change of the winds and the clouds controlled between the heaven and the earth are signs for a people who use reason.]
Reference: Surah Al-Baqarah:164
More Evidence on Tawheed:
The command of Allah Almighty is:
[اَفَلَا یَنۡظُرُوۡنَ اِلَی الۡاِبِلِ کَیۡفَ خُلِقَتۡ]،[وَ اِلَی السَّمَآءِ کَیۡفَ رُفِعَتۡ]،[وَ اِلَی الۡجِبَالِ کَیۡفَ نُصِبَتۡ]،[وَ اِلَی الۡاَرۡضِ کَیۡفَ سُطِحَتۡ]
[Then do they not look at the camels - how they are created?] [And at the sky - how it is raised?] [And at the mountains - how they are erected?] [And at the earth - how it is spread?]
Reference: Surah Al-Ghashiyah:17 to 20
No one is equal to Allah because He is the Creator; all others are creation:
[یٰۤاَیُّہَا النَّاسُ اعۡبُدُوۡا رَبَّکُمُ الَّذِیۡ خَلَقَکُمۡ وَ الَّذِیۡنَ مِنۡ قَبۡلِکُمۡ لَعَلَّکُمۡ تَتَّقُوۡنَ]،[الَّذِیۡ جَعَلَ لَکُمُ الۡاَرۡضَ فِرَاشًا وَّ السَّمَآءَ بِنَآءً ۪ وَّ اَنۡزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَآءِ مَآءً فَاَخۡرَجَ بِہٖ مِنَ الثَّمَرٰتِ رِزۡقًا لَّکُمۡ ۚ فَلَا تَجۡعَلُوۡا لِلّٰہِ اَنۡدَادًا وَّ اَنۡتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُوۡنَ]
[O mankind, worship your Lord, who created you and those before you, that you may become righteous.] [He who made for you the earth a bed and the sky a canopy and sent down from the sky, rain and brought forth thereby fruits as provision for you. So do not attribute to Allah equals while you know [that there is nothing like Him].]
Reference: Surah Al-Baqarah:21,22
One who equates others with Allah is a disbeliever:
The command of Allah Almighty is:
[اَلۡحَمۡدُ لِلّٰہِ الَّذِیۡ خَلَقَ السَّمٰوٰتِ وَ الۡاَرۡضَ وَ جَعَلَ الظُّلُمٰتِ وَ النُّوۡرَ ۬ؕ ثُمَّ الَّذِیۡنَ کَفَرُوۡا بِرَبِّہِمۡ یَعۡدِلُوۡنَ]
All praise is due to Allah, who created the heavens and the earth and made the darkness and the light. Yet those who disbelieve equate others with their Lord.
Reference: Al-An'am:1
True faith is the belief in Tawheed:
Allah Almighty says:
[لَیۡسَ الۡبِرَّ اَنۡ تُوَلُّوۡا وُجُوۡہَکُمۡ قِبَلَ الۡمَشۡرِقِ وَ الۡمَغۡرِبِ وَ لٰکِنَّ الۡبِرَّ مَنۡ اٰمَنَ بِاللّٰہِ وَ الۡیَوۡمِ الۡاٰخِرِ وَ الۡمَلٰٓئِکَۃِ وَ الۡکِتٰبِ وَ النَّبِیّٖنَ]
Righteousness is not that you turn your faces toward the east or the west, but righteousness is in one who believes in Allah, the Last Day, the angels, the Book, and the prophets.
Reference: Al-Baqarah:177
It is necessary for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and all believers to have faith in the doctrine of Tawheed:
[اٰمَنَ الرَّسُوۡلُ بِمَاۤ اُنۡزِلَ اِلَیۡہِ مِنۡ رَّبِّہٖ وَ الۡمُؤۡمِنُوۡنَ ؕ کُلٌّ اٰمَنَ بِاللّٰہِ وَ مَلٰٓئِکَتِہٖ وَ کُتُبِہٖ وَ رُسُلِہٖۦ]
The Messenger has believed in what was revealed to him from his Lord, and [so have] the believers. All of them have believed in Allah and His angels and His books and His messengers.
Reference: Al-Baqarah:285
It is necessary for all believers to have faith in the doctrine of Tawheed, and the denier of Tawheed is a disbeliever and misguided:
[یٰۤاَیُّہَا الَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡۤا اٰمِنُوۡا بِاللّٰہِ وَ رَسُوۡلِہٖ وَ الۡکِتٰبِ الَّذِیۡ نَزَّلَ عَلٰی رَسُوۡلِہٖ وَ الۡکِتٰبِ الَّذِیۡۤ اَنۡزَلَ مِنۡ قَبۡلُ ؕ وَ مَنۡ یَّکۡفُرۡ بِاللّٰہِ وَ مَلٰٓئِکَتِہٖ وَ کُتُبِہٖ وَ رُسُلِہٖ وَ الۡیَوۡمِ الۡاٰخِرِ فَقَدۡ ضَلَّ ضَلٰلًۢا بَعِیۡدًا]
O you who have believed, believe in Allah and His Messenger and the Book that He sent down upon His Messenger and the Scripture which He sent down before. And whoever disbelieves in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, and the Last Day has certainly gone far astray.
Reference: An-Nisa:136
Believing in Allah means accepting Allah in His essence, attributes, powers, and rights; otherwise, even the polytheists used to believe in Allah.
Those who believe in the doctrine of Tawheed will live forever in Paradise; this is Allah's true promise:
[اِنَّ الَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا وَ عَمِلُوا الصّٰلِحٰتِ لَہُمۡ جَنّٰتُ النَّعِیۡمِ]،[خٰلِدِیۡنَ فِیۡہَا ؕ وَعۡدَ اللّٰہِ حَقًّا ؕ وَ ہُوَ الۡعَزِیۡزُ الۡحَکِیۡمُ]
Indeed, those who have believed and done righteous deeds - for them are the Gardens of Pleasure, wherein they will abide eternally. [This is] the true promise of Allah, and He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.
Reference: Luqman:9,8
Proofs of Tawheed:
Among the arguments for the Oneness of Allah mentioned in the Quran, some are cited here. Surah An-Nahl is also called (سورۃ النعم), because in this Surah, Allah has particularly detailed His blessings. The translation of the verses of Surah An-Nahl that contain the arguments for the Oneness of Allah is as follows: The command of Allah has come, so do not hasten in it. He is free from association and exalted above it. He sends down the angels to whom He wills among His servants by revelation. Say, "Warn, there is no deity worthy of worship except Me, so fear Me." He created the heavens and the earth in perfect order; He is free from association. He created man from a drop, then suddenly he becomes a clear adversary. And He created for you the grazing livestock; in them is warmth and numerous benefits, and from them you eat, and you have in them beauty when you bring them in at evening and when you drive them out in the morning. They carry your loads to towns which you could not reach except with great difficulty. Indeed, your Lord is Kind and Merciful. And He created the horses, mules, and donkeys for you to ride and for adornment, and He creates that which you do not know. And to Allah belongs the straight path, but there are some who deviate in it. And if Allah willed, He could have guided you all. It is He who sends down water from the sky for you; from it you drink, and from it grow the trees on which you graze. He causes for you crops, olives, date palms, grapes, and all kinds of fruits. Indeed, in that are signs for people who reflect. And He has subjected the night and the day and the sun and the moon to your service. And the stars are subjected by His command. Indeed, in that are signs for people who understand. And He spread out for you the earth with various colors; indeed, in that are signs for people who think. And it is He who subjected the sea for you so that you may eat fresh meat from it and extract ornaments which you wear. And you see the ships plowing through it so that you may seek of His bounty and so that you may be grateful. And He placed on the earth firm mountains so that it would not shake with you, and rivers and paths so that you may find your way. And He made signs and by the stars people find their way. Then is He who creates like one who does not create? Do you not reflect? And if you try to count Allah’s blessings, you will not be able to number them. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful. And Allah knows what you conceal and what you reveal. And those whom you call upon besides Allah do not create anything, but they themselves are created. They are dead, without life, and they do not know when people will be resurrected. Your God is One God. Then those who do not believe in the Hereafter do not accept it in their hearts, and they are arrogant. Indeed, Allah knows what they conceal and what they reveal. Indeed, He does not like the arrogant.
Reference: An-Nahl:1 to 33
Reference: For further references see: [Surah An-Nahl: 75 to 93] and complete Surah Ar-Rahman and complete Surah Al-Mulk and complete Surah Al-Hadid
There is none equal to Allah:
It is strictly forbidden to attribute any partner or equal to Allah Almighty, because Allah Almighty says:
[یٰۤاَیُّہَا النَّاسُ اعۡبُدُوۡا رَبَّکُمُ الَّذِیۡ خَلَقَکُمۡ وَ الَّذِیۡنَ مِنۡ قَبۡلِکُمۡ لَعَلَّکُمۡ تَتَّقُوۡنَ]،[الَّذِیۡ جَعَلَ لَکُمُ الۡاَرۡضَ فِرَاشًا وَّ السَّمَآءَ بِنَآءً ۪ وَّ اَنۡزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَآءِ مَآءً فَاَخۡرَجَ بِہٖ مِنَ الثَّمَرٰتِ رِزۡقًا لَّکُمۡ ۚ فَلَا تَجۡعَلُوۡا لِلّٰہِ اَنۡدَادًا وَّ اَنۡتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُوۡنَ]
[O people! Worship your Lord who created you and those before you, so that you may be saved], [Who made the earth a bed for you and the sky a canopy, and sent down water from the sky, then brought forth with it various fruits as provision for you. So do not set up rivals to Allah while you know.]
Reference: Surah Al-Baqarah: 22, 21
،،انداد،، is the only ،،ند،،, which means partner and equal. That is, when you know that Allah Almighty is the Creator of everything and that benefit and harm are also under His control and power, then why do you consider others as His partners? There are many types of shirk (associating partners with Allah), and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade every word and deed that even contains the slightest hint of shirk to prevent it. It is narrated in a hadith that a man said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: [ما شاء الله وما شئت] "Whatever Allah wills and whatever you will." Upon this, he said: [أجعلتني لله ندا] "Have you made me a partner with Allah?"
Reference: ‘Amal al-Yawm wa al-Laylah by An-Nasa’i: 988], [Tarikh Baghdad: 105/8, Hadith 4218], [Ibn Majah, Chapters of Expiations, Chapter on the prohibition of saying 'What Allah wills and what you will': 2117
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that shirk (associating partners with Allah) is very subtle. [Not established, m] A person swears by someone's life, or says that if such and such duck were not there, thieves would enter the house, etc. Such words also come under a kind of shirk.
Reference: Ibn Kathir, under the verse: 22 from Surah Al-Baqarah:55/1
Remember that if any person commits any form of shirk, it means that the person equates others with Allah.
Reference: For further references: [Al-Baqarah:165 to 167], [Al-An'am:150,1], [Ibrahim:30], [Ash-Shu'ara:98,97], [Saba:33], [Az-Zumar:8], [Ha Mim As-Sajda:9], [Maryam:65], [Al-Ikhlas complete]
Allah Almighty has no partner:
The command of Allah the Exalted is:
[وَ قُلِ الۡحَمۡدُ لِلّٰہِ الَّذِیۡ لَمۡ یَتَّخِذۡ وَلَدًا وَّ لَمۡ یَکُنۡ لَّہٗ شَرِیۡکٌ فِی الۡمُلۡکِ وَ لَمۡ یَکُنۡ لَّہٗ وَلِیٌّ مِّنَ الذُّلِّ وَ کَبِّرۡہُ تَکۡبِیۡرًا]
And say, "All praise is for Allah, who has neither child nor partner in His dominion, nor is there any helper out of weakness with Him." And proclaim His greatness continually.
Reference: Bani Isra'il:111
In another place, Allah the Exalted says:
[ۣالَّذِیۡ لَہٗ مُلۡکُ السَّمٰوٰتِ وَ الۡاَرۡضِ وَ لَمۡ یَتَّخِذۡ وَلَدًا وَّ لَمۡ یَکُنۡ لَّہٗ شَرِیۡکٌ فِی الۡمُلۡکِ وَ خَلَقَ کُلَّ شَیۡءٍ فَقَدَّرَہٗ تَقۡدِیۡرًا]
He is the One to whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth, and He has not taken a son, nor has He had a partner in the dominion, and He created everything and determined it with precise measure.
Reference: Al-Furqan:2
There is none like Allah Almighty:
Allah Almighty has said about His own self: [لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ] There is none like Him (neither in essence, nor in attributes, nor in powers, nor in rights).
Reference: Ash-Shura:11
Creation cannot share with the Creator:
The Divine command is:
[اَیُشۡرِکُوۡنَ مَا لَا یَخۡلُقُ شَیۡئًا وَّ ہُمۡ یُخۡلَقُوۡنَ]
Do you take as partners those who create nothing, while they themselves are created?
Reference: Al-A'raf:191
Reference: For further references: [Ar-Ra'd:12], [An-Nahl:17], [Al-Furqan:2], [Luqman:8 to 11]
The same points are written in Muradabadi's Tafsir, see Ahmad Raza Khan's translation with Tafsir:① Tawheed (Oneness of Allah):
Reference: Bani Isra'il:39, verse:87
The beginning of these verses is the command of Tawheed and the end is the prohibition of Shirk, from which it is understood that the essence of all wisdom is Tawheed and faith, and no statement or action is acceptable without it. [More references:
Reference: Fatir:10, verse:36
, [Al-Ahqaf:13, verse:34[/ref]② Meaning of faith in Allah:
Reference: Al-Baqarah:173, F:29
There is only one God, He is neither divisible nor divided, He has no equal or counterpart, no one shares His divinity or lordship, He is unique in His actions, He alone created the creations, He is alone in His essence, no one is His partner, He is unique in His attributes, no one resembles Him. [Additional references:
Reference: Al-Baqarah:177, F:312
,
Reference: At-Tawbah:29, F:21
,
Reference: Hud:112, F:229
] Divinity means being the object of worship, lordship means being the giver.③ Allah has no partner:
Reference: Bani Isra'il:111, F:233
,
Reference: Ar-Rum:28 to 30, F:53 to 66
,
Reference: Al-Mu’minun:90, F:142
,
Reference: Al-Kahf:110, F:223
,
Reference: Ta-Ha:21, 79
In our Shariah, any form of prostration other than to Allah is not permissible.
Reference: Muradabadi: Al-Baqarah:34, F:21
④ Nothing is a partner to Allah:
Reference: An-Nisa:36, F:109
Neither living nor non-living, neither in His lordship nor in His worship (make no partners).
Reference: Al-Mumtahina:12, F:45
