Source: Shumara al-Sunnah, Jhelum
Answer:
If a person joins the Jumu'ah prayer during Tashahhud (the final sitting), he should perform Zuhr prayer, not Jumu'ah.
① Narrated by Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (رضي الله عنه):
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
"Whoever catches one Rak'ah of the prayer has caught the prayer."
[Sahih al-Bukhari: 580, Sahih Muslim: 607]
Imam al-Tirmidhi (رحمه الله) comments:
“The majority of the scholars from among the companions of the Prophet ﷺ and others acted upon this. They said:
❖ Whoever catches one Rak'ah of Jumu'ah, he should complete another Rak'ah.
❖ But whoever joins them while they are sitting (in Tashahhud), should pray four Rak'ahs (of Zuhr).
This was also the opinion of Sufyan al-Thawri, Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak, al-Shafi‘i, Ahmad, and Ishaq.”
[Sunan al-Tirmidhi under Hadith: 524]
② Narrated by Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Umar (رضي الله عنه):
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
"Whoever catches one Rak'ah of Jumu'ah has caught it, and he should complete it with another Rak'ah."
[Sunan al-Daraqutni: 2/12, Hadith: 1608 – Chain is Hasan]
③ Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Umar (رضي الله عنه) also said:
"Whoever catches one Rak'ah of Jumu'ah has caught it, but he must make up for what he missed."
[Al-Sunan al-Kubra by al-Bayhaqi: 3/204 – Chain is Sahih]
④ Imam al-Sha‘bi (رحمه الله) said:
"Whoever attends the Khutbah, or catches both Rak‘ahs, has performed Jumu‘ah.
Whoever catches one Rak‘ah has also performed Jumu‘ah and should stand to perform another Rak‘ah.
But whoever did not catch even one Rak‘ah should pray four Rak‘ahs of Zuhr."
[Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah: 2/128 – Chain is Sahih]
⑤ to ⑧ Similar rulings were narrated from:
Imam ‘Abd al-Razzaq ibn Hammam al-San‘ani (رحمه الله) also held the view that:
"Whoever joins only in Tashahhud should pray four Rak‘ahs of Zuhr."
[Musannaf ‘Abd al-Razzaq: 5471]
To validly perform Jumu‘ah prayer, one must catch at least one Rak‘ah with the Imam.
❖ Whoever joins only in Tashahhud, should offer four Rak‘ahs of Zuhr after the Imam completes the prayer.
❖ His initial intention for Jumu‘ah should be converted to Zuhr.
Answer:
If a person joins the Jumu'ah prayer during Tashahhud (the final sitting), he should perform Zuhr prayer, not Jumu'ah.
Evidences from Hadith and Scholarly Opinions
① Narrated by Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (رضي الله عنه):The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
"Whoever catches one Rak'ah of the prayer has caught the prayer."
[Sahih al-Bukhari: 580, Sahih Muslim: 607]Imam al-Tirmidhi (رحمه الله) comments:
“The majority of the scholars from among the companions of the Prophet ﷺ and others acted upon this. They said:
❖ Whoever catches one Rak'ah of Jumu'ah, he should complete another Rak'ah.
❖ But whoever joins them while they are sitting (in Tashahhud), should pray four Rak'ahs (of Zuhr).
This was also the opinion of Sufyan al-Thawri, Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak, al-Shafi‘i, Ahmad, and Ishaq.”
[Sunan al-Tirmidhi under Hadith: 524]② Narrated by Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Umar (رضي الله عنه):
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
"Whoever catches one Rak'ah of Jumu'ah has caught it, and he should complete it with another Rak'ah."
[Sunan al-Daraqutni: 2/12, Hadith: 1608 – Chain is Hasan]③ Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Umar (رضي الله عنه) also said:
"Whoever catches one Rak'ah of Jumu'ah has caught it, but he must make up for what he missed."
[Al-Sunan al-Kubra by al-Bayhaqi: 3/204 – Chain is Sahih]④ Imam al-Sha‘bi (رحمه الله) said:
"Whoever attends the Khutbah, or catches both Rak‘ahs, has performed Jumu‘ah.
Whoever catches one Rak‘ah has also performed Jumu‘ah and should stand to perform another Rak‘ah.
But whoever did not catch even one Rak‘ah should pray four Rak‘ahs of Zuhr."
[Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah: 2/128 – Chain is Sahih]⑤ to ⑧ Similar rulings were narrated from:
- Nafi‘ (تابعي) [Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah: 2/129 – Chain is Sahih]
- Imam al-Zuhri (رحمه الله) [ibid: 2/128 – Chain is Sahih]
- ‘Urwah ibn al-Zubayr (رحمه الله) [ibid: 2/129 – Chain is Sahih]
- Maymun ibn Mihran (رحمه الله)
Imam ‘Abd al-Razzaq ibn Hammam al-San‘ani (رحمه الله) also held the view that:
"Whoever joins only in Tashahhud should pray four Rak‘ahs of Zuhr."
[Musannaf ‘Abd al-Razzaq: 5471]
Conclusion:
To validly perform Jumu‘ah prayer, one must catch at least one Rak‘ah with the Imam.❖ Whoever joins only in Tashahhud, should offer four Rak‘ahs of Zuhr after the Imam completes the prayer.
❖ His initial intention for Jumu‘ah should be converted to Zuhr.
