Shar‘i Inheritance: Distribution of Jamaluddin and Bano’s Estates

Detailed Shar‘i Ruling on Distribution of Inheritance​

Source: Fatawa Rashidiyyah, Page 633

Question​

Jamaluddin passed away leaving the following heirs:


◈ One wife (Bano)
◈ Two maternal cousins


No other heirs were present.


Afterwards, Bano married another husband. Later, Bano also passed away, leaving:


◈ Two daughters
◈ Two brothers
◈ One sister


How should their shares be distributed according to the Shari‘ah of Muhammad ﷺ?

Answer​

Alhamdulillah, wa al-salatu wa al-salamu ‘ala Rasulillah, Amma ba‘d!


The principles of estate division are:


① Funeral expenses are first deducted.
② Any debts of the deceased are settled.
③ If there is a valid will, it is executed up to one-third of the estate.
④ The remainder is divided among the rightful heirs.

Distribution of Jamaluddin’s Estate​

Total estate = 1 rupee

• Wife (Bano): 4 annas (¼ = 25%)
• Two maternal cousins (ذوي الأرحام): 12 annas (¾ = 75%)

Proof:
The Prophet ﷺ said:
((ألحقوا الفرائض بأهلها فما بقى فلأولى رجل ذكر.))
“Give the fixed shares to those entitled, and whatever remains is for the nearest male relative.”

Distribution of Bano’s Estate​

Total estate = 1 rupee

• Two daughters: 10 annas 8 paisa (⅔ = 66.66%) jointly
• Remaining = 5 annas 4 paisa (⅓ = 33.34%)

This remainder is divided into 5 parts:

• Each brother gets 2 parts.
• The sister gets 1 part.

Modern Decimal Distribution​

Jamaluddin’s Estate (100%)

• Wife (Bano): 25%
• Two maternal cousins: 75%

Bano’s Estate (100%)

• Two daughters: 66.66% (33.33% each)
• Two brothers: 26.672% (13.336% each)
• One sister: 6.668%

Conclusion​

• From Jamaluddin’s estate: the wife (Bano) receives ¼, and the remainder goes to the two maternal cousins.
• From Bano’s estate: the daughters receive ⅔, and the remaining ⅓ is distributed among her two brothers and one sister, with the male receiving double the share of the female.

ھذا ما عندی، واللہ أعلم بالصواب