Source: Fatāwā Rāshidiyyah, Page 641
It has been asked from the respected scholars that a person named ʿAlī Muḥammad has passed away. He left the following heirs:
◄ Five sons: Shādī Khān, Maḥmūd, Ṣādiq, Faqīr Muḥammad
◄ Six daughters: Khairān, Makhan, Galān Maryam, Malī, Siyānī
◄ Two wives: Nāzo and Jādo
According to the Sharī‘ah ruling, how will the share of each heir be distributed?
Al-ḥamdu lillāh, waṣ-ṣalātu wa-s-salāmu ‘alā Rasūlillāh, ammā ba‘d!
It is necessary to remember the following:
➊ From the estate of the deceased ʿAlī Muḥammad, the expenses of shrouding and burial will first be deducted.
➋ After that, if there is any debt, it will be paid.
➌ Then, if he made any valid bequest, it will be fulfilled from up to one-third (1/3) of the total estate.
➍ Whatever remains after all these matters, whether movable or immovable, will be considered as the entire estate (1 Rupee) and distributed as follows:
◈ The two wives will receive one-eighth (1/8), which equals 2 āna.
◈ Thereafter, the remaining 14 āna will be divided into 16 parts.
◈ Each son will receive 2 parts and each daughter 1 part.
Allah Taʿālā says:
﴿فَإِن كَانَ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَلَهُنَّ الثُّمُنُ﴾ (النساء)
(That is, if there are children, then the wives’ share is one-eighth.)
And He said:
﴿يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّـهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ ۖ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنثَيَيْنِ﴾ (النساء)
(Allah instructs you concerning your children: the share of a son is equal to that of two daughters.)
Total estate of the deceased ʿAlī Muḥammad: 1 Rupee
◄ Son: 1 āna 09 pāī
◄ Son: 1 āna 09 pāī
◄ Son: 1 āna 09 pāī
◄ Son: 1 āna 09 pāī
◄ Son: 1 āna 09 pāī
◄ Daughter: 2/1/10 pāī
◄ Daughter: 2/1/10 pāī
◄ Daughter: 2/1/10 pāī
◄ Daughter: 2/1/10 pāī
◄ Daughter: 2/1/10 pāī
◄ Daughter: 2/1/10 pāī
◄ Wife: 1 āna
◄ Wife: 1 āna
Total estate = 100 parts
◄ 2 Wives (1/8 = 12.5%)
— Each: 6.25
◄ 5 Sons (ʿAṣabah = 54.687%)
— Each: 10.937
◄ 6 Daughters (ʿAṣabah = 32.813%)
— Each: 5.468
ھذا ما عندی واللہ اعلم بالصواب
❖ Question
It has been asked from the respected scholars that a person named ʿAlī Muḥammad has passed away. He left the following heirs:
◄ Five sons: Shādī Khān, Maḥmūd, Ṣādiq, Faqīr Muḥammad
◄ Six daughters: Khairān, Makhan, Galān Maryam, Malī, Siyānī
◄ Two wives: Nāzo and Jādo
According to the Sharī‘ah ruling, how will the share of each heir be distributed?
❖ Answer
Al-ḥamdu lillāh, waṣ-ṣalātu wa-s-salāmu ‘alā Rasūlillāh, ammā ba‘d!
It is necessary to remember the following:
➊ From the estate of the deceased ʿAlī Muḥammad, the expenses of shrouding and burial will first be deducted.
➋ After that, if there is any debt, it will be paid.
➌ Then, if he made any valid bequest, it will be fulfilled from up to one-third (1/3) of the total estate.
➍ Whatever remains after all these matters, whether movable or immovable, will be considered as the entire estate (1 Rupee) and distributed as follows:
◈ The two wives will receive one-eighth (1/8), which equals 2 āna.
◈ Thereafter, the remaining 14 āna will be divided into 16 parts.
◈ Each son will receive 2 parts and each daughter 1 part.
Qur’ānic Evidences
Allah Taʿālā says:
﴿فَإِن كَانَ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَلَهُنَّ الثُّمُنُ﴾ (النساء)
(That is, if there are children, then the wives’ share is one-eighth.)
And He said:
﴿يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّـهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ ۖ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنثَيَيْنِ﴾ (النساء)
(Allah instructs you concerning your children: the share of a son is equal to that of two daughters.)
Practical Distribution Map
Total estate of the deceased ʿAlī Muḥammad: 1 Rupee
◄ Son: 1 āna 09 pāī
◄ Son: 1 āna 09 pāī
◄ Son: 1 āna 09 pāī
◄ Son: 1 āna 09 pāī
◄ Son: 1 āna 09 pāī
◄ Daughter: 2/1/10 pāī
◄ Daughter: 2/1/10 pāī
◄ Daughter: 2/1/10 pāī
◄ Daughter: 2/1/10 pāī
◄ Daughter: 2/1/10 pāī
◄ Daughter: 2/1/10 pāī
◄ Wife: 1 āna
◄ Wife: 1 āna
Modern Decimal Distribution
Total estate = 100 parts
◄ 2 Wives (1/8 = 12.5%)
— Each: 6.25
◄ 5 Sons (ʿAṣabah = 54.687%)
— Each: 10.937
◄ 6 Daughters (ʿAṣabah = 32.813%)
— Each: 5.468
ھذا ما عندی واللہ اعلم بالصواب
