❖ Ruling on Performing Ẓuhr When Jumuʿah Is Missed – In Light of Authentic Hadiths
Source: Fatāwā ʿIlmiyyah, Volume 1, Kitāb al-Ṣalāh, Page 450
If a person misses the Jumuʿah prayer, should he perform Jumuʿah or Ẓuhr instead?
Al-ḥamdu lillāh, waṣ-ṣalātu was-salāmu ʿalā Rasūlillāh, ammā baʿd!
If a person misses the Jumuʿah prayer, he must perform Ẓuhr prayer in its place.
➊ One Who Catches One Rakʿah of Jumuʿah
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"Whoever catches one rakʿah of Jumuʿah, let him complete it with another rakʿah."
(Sunan Ibn Mājah: 1121 – Ṣaḥīḥ Ḥadīth)
➋ Catching One Rakʿah on Friday
Another narration states:
"Whoever catches one rakʿah of the Friday prayer has caught the Jumuʿah, so let him add another to it."
(Sunan al-Dāraquṭnī, Vol. 2, p. 13, Ḥadīth 1594 – Isnāduh Ḥasan)
➌ Sayyidunā ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿUmar رضي الله عنه said:
"Whoever catches one rakʿah of Jumuʿah has caught the prayer, and he must complete the part he missed."
(Al-Sunan al-Kubrā by al-Bayhaqī, Vol. 3, p. 204 – Isnāduh Ṣaḥīḥ)
➍ Tābiʿīn and Muḥaddithīn
The same view is held by:
◈ ʿUrwah ibn al-Zubayr
◈ Sālim ibn ʿAbdillāh ibn ʿUmar
◈ Nāfiʿ ibn ʿUmar
◈ Other Muḥaddithīn
(Muṣannaf Ibn Abī Shaybah, Vol. 2, pp. 129–130)
A narration attributed to ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAbbās رضي الله عنه says:
“Whoever misses Jumuʿah should pray two rakʿahs. This is the Sunnah of Abū al-Qāsim ﷺ.”
(Al-Akhbār al-Iṣbahānī, Vol. 2, p. 200 – Summary)
However, this narration is weak due to:
◈ Muḥammad ibn Nūḥ ibn Muḥammad – no known authentication
◈ Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn and Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar – insufficient identification
(Also referenced in Ṭabaqāt Abī Shaykh, Vol. 13, p. 115)
◈ If a person misses the Jumuʿah prayer entirely, he must perform four rakʿahs of Ẓuhr.
◈ If he catches one full rakʿah of Jumuʿah, he may complete it with one more rakʿah, and it will count as Jumuʿah.
هٰذَا مَا عِندِي، وَاللّٰهُ أَعْلَمُ بِالصَّوَابِ
Source: Fatāwā ʿIlmiyyah, Volume 1, Kitāb al-Ṣalāh, Page 450
❀ Question
If a person misses the Jumuʿah prayer, should he perform Jumuʿah or Ẓuhr instead?
❖ Answer
Al-ḥamdu lillāh, waṣ-ṣalātu was-salāmu ʿalā Rasūlillāh, ammā baʿd!
If a person misses the Jumuʿah prayer, he must perform Ẓuhr prayer in its place.
✔ Guidance from Authentic Hadiths
➊ One Who Catches One Rakʿah of Jumuʿah
The Prophet ﷺ said:
"Whoever catches one rakʿah of Jumuʿah, let him complete it with another rakʿah."
(Sunan Ibn Mājah: 1121 – Ṣaḥīḥ Ḥadīth)
➋ Catching One Rakʿah on Friday
Another narration states:
"Whoever catches one rakʿah of the Friday prayer has caught the Jumuʿah, so let him add another to it."
(Sunan al-Dāraquṭnī, Vol. 2, p. 13, Ḥadīth 1594 – Isnāduh Ḥasan)
✔ Statements of the Companions and Tābiʿīn
➌ Sayyidunā ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿUmar رضي الله عنه said:
"Whoever catches one rakʿah of Jumuʿah has caught the prayer, and he must complete the part he missed."
(Al-Sunan al-Kubrā by al-Bayhaqī, Vol. 3, p. 204 – Isnāduh Ṣaḥīḥ)
➍ Tābiʿīn and Muḥaddithīn
- Imām al-Zuhrī said: “This is the Sunnah.”
(Muwaṭṭaʾ Mālik, Vol. 1, p. 105) - Imām Mālik stated: “I found the scholars of Madīnah upon this opinion.”
The same view is held by:
◈ ʿUrwah ibn al-Zubayr
◈ Sālim ibn ʿAbdillāh ibn ʿUmar
◈ Nāfiʿ ibn ʿUmar
◈ Other Muḥaddithīn
(Muṣannaf Ibn Abī Shaybah, Vol. 2, pp. 129–130)
⚠ Weak Narration
A narration attributed to ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAbbās رضي الله عنه says:
“Whoever misses Jumuʿah should pray two rakʿahs. This is the Sunnah of Abū al-Qāsim ﷺ.”
(Al-Akhbār al-Iṣbahānī, Vol. 2, p. 200 – Summary)
However, this narration is weak due to:
◈ Muḥammad ibn Nūḥ ibn Muḥammad – no known authentication
◈ Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn and Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar – insufficient identification
(Also referenced in Ṭabaqāt Abī Shaykh, Vol. 13, p. 115)
Summary of the Ruling
◈ If a person misses the Jumuʿah prayer entirely, he must perform four rakʿahs of Ẓuhr.
◈ If he catches one full rakʿah of Jumuʿah, he may complete it with one more rakʿah, and it will count as Jumuʿah.
هٰذَا مَا عِندِي، وَاللّٰهُ أَعْلَمُ بِالصَّوَابِ
