Scholarly Testimonies Confirming That Buffaloes Are a Type of Cattle

Author: Inayatullah Madani (Hafizahullah)

Introduction

Islamic scholars in the fields of Fiqh, Hadith, and Tafsir have extensively discussed and confirmed that buffaloes are classified as a type of cow (bovine). The following is a collection of scholarly statements that provide evidence of this consensus.

Statements of Scholars in Fiqh, Hadith, and Tafsir

Allama Al-Mazari (رحمه الله) said:

"Buffalo is a type of cow."
[Al-Ilm bi Fawa’id Muslim, 1/326]

Ibn Qudamah Al-Maqdisi (رحمه الله) stated:

"Buffaloes are a type of cow, Bakhati camels are a type of camel, and rams and goats are of the same genus."
[Al-Kafi fi Fiqh Al-Imam Ahmad, 1/390]

Allama Majd Ibn Taymiyyah (رحمه الله) remarked:

"Buffaloes are a type of cow."
[Al-Harfi fi Al-Fiqh Ala Madhhab Al-Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal, 1/215]

Allama Muhammad bin Abdullah Al-Zarkashi said:

"Buffaloes are the same as other cows."
[Sharh Al-Zarkashi Ala Mukhtasar Al-Kharqi, 2/394]

Allama Mansoor Al-Buhuti stated:

"The meat of cows and buffaloes belongs to the same category."
[Al-Rawd Al-Murabba’ Sharh Zad Al-Mustaqni, pg. 342]

Ibn Ashur (رحمه الله) noted:

"Buffaloes are a type of cow with humps, making them closer to camels. They are found in Persia and entered Arab lands."
[Al-Tahrir wal-Tanwir, 8/129]

Allama Abdul Baqi Al-Zurqani (رحمه الله) stated:

"Buffaloes are the plural of ‘jamus’ and are a type of cow."
[Sharh Al-Zurqani Ala Al-Muwatta, 2/171]

Badr Al-Din Al-Ayni said:

"Buffaloes and cows are the same because buffaloes are a type of cow, and the texts that mention cows include buffaloes."
[Manhaj Al-Suluk fi Sharh Tuhfat Al-Muluk, pg. 227]

Allama Burhan Al-Din Al-Bukhari (رحمه الله) said:

"Cows are a genus, and buffaloes are a type within that genus."
[Al-Muhit Al-Burhani fi Al-Fiqh Al-Numani, 4/284]

Imam Ibn Al-Mahdi, Sufyan Al-Thawri, and Imam Malik stated:

"Buffaloes are part of the cattle category."
[Al-Mudawwanah, 1/355]

Allama Muhammad bin Muhammad Al-Burqi (رحمه الله) wrote:

"Buffaloes are included in the category of cows because they share the same genus."
[Al-Inayah Sharh Al-Hidayah, 9/517]

Allama Fakhr Al-Din Al-Zayla’i (رحمه الله) said:

"Buffaloes are truly cows as they belong to the same type, and thus the texts that refer to cows include buffaloes."
[Tabyin Al-Haqaiq Sharh Kanz Al-Daqaiq, 1/263]

Badr Al-Din Al-Ayni (رحمه الله) stated:

"Buffaloes and cows are equal in rulings because the term ‘cow’ includes both."
[Al-Binayah Sharh Al-Hidayah, 3/324-329]

Ibn Najim Al-Masri (رحمه الله) said:

"Buffaloes are part of the cattle category because they are a type of cow."
[Al-Bahr Al-Raiq, 2/232]

Allama Abdul Ghani Al-Maydani wrote:

"Buffaloes and cows are treated the same because they belong to the same genus."
[Al-Lubab fi Sharh Al-Kitab, 1/142]

Allama Muhammad bin Abdullah Al-Kharshi (رحمه الله) stated:

"Buffaloes are included in the cattle category."
[Sharh Mukhtasar Khalil, 3/16]

Allama Muhammad Ahmad Al-Dasuqi (رحمه الله) noted:

"Buffaloes fall under the category of cows."
[Al-Sharh Al-Kabir, 2/107]

Allama Ahmad Al-Sawi (رحمه الله) said:

"Buffalo is a type of cow."
[Bulghat Al-Salik, 1/598]

Allama Abdul Baqi Al-Zurqani said:

"Buffaloes are a type of cow and are included in its category."
[Sharh Al-Zurqani Ala Mukhtasar Khalil, 3/25]

Imam Al-Nawawi (رحمه الله) stated:

"Cows are a genus with two types: buffaloes and Arabi (Arabian cows)."
[Al-Majmu’ Sharh Al-Muhadhdhab, 5/426]

Conclusion

The extensive testimonies of scholars across different eras and schools of thought establish a clear consensus: buffaloes are a type of cow and are treated equally in all related Islamic rulings. This classification impacts various matters, such as zakat and sacrifice, where buffaloes are grouped with cows.

Allah knows best.
 
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