Source: Fatāwā Amunpuri by Shaykh Ghulam Mustafa Zaheer Amunpuri
❀ Sayyidunā ʿAbdullāh bin ʿUmar رضي الله عنهما narrates that during a journey, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ heard Sayyidunā ʿUmar bin al-Khaṭṭāb رضي الله عنه swearing by his father, so he said:
ألا إن الله ينهاكم أن تحلفوا بآبائكم من كان حالفا فليحلف بالله أو ليصمت
Translation:
“Indeed, Allah forbids you from swearing by your forefathers. Whoever wishes to swear an oath should swear by Allah, otherwise remain silent.”
❀ Sayyidunā ʿAbd al-Raḥmān bin Samurah رضي الله عنه narrates that the Prophet ﷺ said:
لا تحلفوا بآبائكم ولا بالطواغيت
Translation:
“Do not swear by your forefathers, nor by idols.”
من حلف بالأمانة فليس منا
Translation:
“Whoever swears by a trust (amānah) is not from us.”
This ḥadīth was declared ṣaḥīḥ by Imām Ibn Ḥibbān (4363), ṣaḥīḥ al-isnād by Imām al-Ḥākim (4/298), and ṣaḥīḥ by Ḥāfiẓ al-Dhahabī رحمه الله.
❀ ʿAllāmah ʿAlī bin Abī Bakr al-Marghīnānī al-Ḥanafī رحمه الله (593 AH) writes:
من حلف بغير الله لم يكن حالفا كالنبي والكعبة
Translation:
“Whoever swears by other than Allah has not taken a valid oath, such as swearing by the Prophet ﷺ or by the Kaʿbah.”
❀ ʿAllāmah Ibn Nujaym al-Ḥanafī رحمه الله (970 AH) writes:
لأن الحلف بالنبي والكعبة حلف بغير الله تعالى
Translation:
“Because swearing by the Prophet ﷺ or by the Kaʿbah is swearing by other than Allah Almighty.”
Question:
What is the ruling on taking an oath by other than Allah?Answer:
Taking an oath by anyone other than Allah Almighty—besides His Names and Attributes—is ḥarām, whether the oath is taken by the Prophet ﷺ, the Kaʿbah, a trust (amānah), life and wealth, the body and soul, or anything else.❀ Sayyidunā ʿAbdullāh bin ʿUmar رضي الله عنهما narrates that during a journey, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ heard Sayyidunā ʿUmar bin al-Khaṭṭāb رضي الله عنه swearing by his father, so he said:
ألا إن الله ينهاكم أن تحلفوا بآبائكم من كان حالفا فليحلف بالله أو ليصمت
Translation:
“Indeed, Allah forbids you from swearing by your forefathers. Whoever wishes to swear an oath should swear by Allah, otherwise remain silent.”
Reference: Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī: 6646
Reference: Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim: 1646
❀ Sayyidunā ʿAbd al-Raḥmān bin Samurah رضي الله عنه narrates that the Prophet ﷺ said:
لا تحلفوا بآبائكم ولا بالطواغيت
Translation:
“Do not swear by your forefathers, nor by idols.”
Reference: Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim: 1648
Severe Prohibition of Swearing by a Trust (Amānah)
❀ Sayyidunā Buraydah رضي الله عنه narrates that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:من حلف بالأمانة فليس منا
Translation:
“Whoever swears by a trust (amānah) is not from us.”
Reference: Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad: 5/352
Reference: Sunan Abī Dāwūd: 3253
Reference: Its chain is ṣaḥīḥ
This ḥadīth was declared ṣaḥīḥ by Imām Ibn Ḥibbān (4363), ṣaḥīḥ al-isnād by Imām al-Ḥākim (4/298), and ṣaḥīḥ by Ḥāfiẓ al-Dhahabī رحمه الله.
❀ ʿAllāmah ʿAlī bin Abī Bakr al-Marghīnānī al-Ḥanafī رحمه الله (593 AH) writes:
من حلف بغير الله لم يكن حالفا كالنبي والكعبة
Translation:
“Whoever swears by other than Allah has not taken a valid oath, such as swearing by the Prophet ﷺ or by the Kaʿbah.”
Reference: Al-Hidāyah: 2/318
❀ ʿAllāmah Ibn Nujaym al-Ḥanafī رحمه الله (970 AH) writes:
لأن الحلف بالنبي والكعبة حلف بغير الله تعالى
Translation:
“Because swearing by the Prophet ﷺ or by the Kaʿbah is swearing by other than Allah Almighty.”
Reference: Al-Baḥr al-Rāʾiq: 4/311
