Ruling on Performing Fajr Sunnahs After Iqāmah and When to Make Them Up

If Fajr Congregation Has Started – Pray Sunnahs or Join the Congregation?


Source: Qur’an o Hadees Ki Roshni Mein Ahkam o Masail – Volume 01

Question:​

A person is making wuḍū at the time of Fajr prayer when the congregation (jamā‘ah) begins. Should he pray the Sunnah of Fajr first or join the congregation?

Answer:​

Al-ḥamdu lillāh, waṣ-ṣalātu wa-s-salāmu ʿalā Rasūlillāh, Ammā Baʿd!

1. Praying Fajr Sunnahs After the Farḍ is Permissible​

◈ It is permissible to offer the Sunnah of Fajr after the Farḍ prayer if one missed them before.


Evidence:
In Sunan Abī Dāwūd and other collections, it is narrated that a man prayed the Sunnah after the Farḍ prayer and the Prophet ﷺ asked:
"Are you praying two prayers together?"
He replied: "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I had not prayed the Sunnah before, so I am praying them now."
The Prophet ﷺ said: "Then there is no harm."


Imām al-Shawkānī’s Confirmation: (Nayl al-Awṭār, 2/276)
He cites Ibn Ḥazm’s report in al-Muḥallā that the Prophet ﷺ saw a man praying after Fajr. When the man explained that he had missed the Sunnah before the Farḍ, the Prophet ﷺ did not object.
Al-‘Irāqī graded the chain as ḥasan.


Conclusion from This Evidence:
If Fajr Sunnahs are missed, they can be prayed after the Farḍ prayer.

2. No Other Prayer After Iqāmah Except the Prescribed One​

◈ Once the iqāmah is called, only the prescribed prayer may be offered.


Prophetic Statement:
"Fala ṣalāta illā al-maktūbah" — There is no prayer except the prescribed one.
Another narration: "…illā allatī uqīmat" — except the one for which the iqāmah has been called.
(al-Muntaqā, Bāb al-Nahy ‘an al-Taṭawwuʿ ba‘d al-Iqāmah*)

3. The Weak Addition in al-Bayhaqī’s Report​

Some cite al-Bayhaqī’s narration:
"…except the two rak‘ahs of Fajr"
However, this is unauthentic because:

• Al-Bayhaqī himself said: "This addition has no basis."
• In its chain are two weak narrators: Ḥajjāj ibn Naṣr and ʿAbbād ibn Kathīr. (Nayl al-Awṭār)

4. Explicit Prohibition from Praying Fajr Sunnahs After Iqāmah​

Narration in Ibn ‘Adī (ḥasan chain) reports:
When asked, "O Messenger of Allah, not even the two Sunnahs of Fajr?"
He replied: "Not even the two Sunnahs of Fajr."
(Ibn ‘Adī in the biography of Yaḥyā ibn Naṣr ibn Ḥājib; ‘Awn al-Bārī, 2/315)

5. Summary Ruling:​

• If iqāmah has been called: Do not pray Fajr Sunnahs; join the congregation immediately.
• If Sunnahs are missed: Pray them after the Farḍ prayer — either immediately or later in the forenoon.

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Wallāhu A‘lam