Renting Land for Farming: Concept of Muzaraat

Authored by: Fatwas of the Saudi Fatwa Committee
Topic: Muzaraat and Musaqqat

Definition of Muzaraat​

Muzaraat, commonly referred to as batai (sharecropping), involves an agreement where an individual gives their land to another person for farming under specific conditions. The individual working on the land grows crops, and the produce is divided between the two parties based on an agreed-upon ratio, such as:

• Half and half
• One-third and two-thirds
• One-fourth and three-fourths

The division ratio can vary, but it is essential that the portion for each party be known and shared.

Prophetic Example of Muzaraat​

It is authentically reported from the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ that after the conquest of Khaybar, he entered into an agreement with its inhabitants. They were allowed to cultivate the land, and the produce—whether grains or fruits—was divided equally between them and the Muslims.
[Sunan Abi Dawood, Hadith No. 3408; Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Hadith No. 1383]

Key Conditions for Muzaraat​

1. Known and Shared Portions:
   
   • The division must be clear, such as a specific ratio of the yield.
2. Mutual Agreement:
   
   • Both parties must agree upon the terms, including the responsibilities and division of the produce.

Reference: Ibn Uthaymeen: Noor Ala Al-Darb, 4/246