Comparative Analysis of Islamic and Western Research Paradigms
Ontological and Epistemological Perspectives and Their Impact on Research
This article explores how an individual's ontological (existential) and epistemological (knowledge-based) perspectives about the nature of reality influence the research process, theorization, and academic outcomes. It contrasts the Western and Islamic research paradigms, highlighting their underlying philosophies, foundational principles, and inherent flaws.
✦ Key Highlights
Historical Background of Ontological and Epistemological Discourses
➤ Development of Western Thought:
- The Renaissance, Reformation, and Enlightenment played a pivotal role in shaping Western philosophy.
- During these periods, conflict between the Church and Science led to the emergence of empirical methods for understanding reality.
➤ Inclusion of Islamic Thought:
- Empirical research and scientific principles were transmitted to the West through Muslim scholars, a fact acknowledged by figures such as George Sarton, Robert Briffault, and others.
Limitations of Modern Research
➤ Flaws in Secular Philosophy:
- The Western research model considers only observation and experimentation as sources of truth, disregarding ethics and metaphysical realities.
➤ Impact on Social Sciences:
- Principles of natural sciences were applied to social sciences, neglecting the complexities of human behavior.
- Excessive focus was placed on quantitative methods, while qualitative dimensions were overlooked.
Comprehensiveness of the Islamic Model
✔ Centrality of Divine Guidance:
- The Islamic paradigm places Tawheed (Oneness of God) and divine guidance at the center of all research.
✔ Integration of Multiple Sources of Knowledge:
- Combines reason, intuition, experience, and revelation as valid sources of knowledge.
✔ Purpose of Human Life:
- Man is considered God’s vicegerent (khalifah), entrusted with the responsibility to uplift morality and reform the world.
Current Global Crisis and the Relevance of the Islamic Research Model
➤ Failure of Economic Systems:
- The present economic crisis has exposed the weaknesses of Western models and underscored the necessity of moral values.
➤ Need for Islamic Thought:
- The comprehensive and inclusive nature of the Islamic paradigm presents a viable alternative framework in addressing global challenges.
Recommendations
Islamic Model for Research and Practice:
- Develop modern research methodologies in light of Islamic principles.
Restoration of Values and Ethics:
- Emphasize ethics and human welfare as core components of academic inquiry.
Solutions to Global Issues:
- Utilize the Islamic research model to address economic inequality and social problems.
Need for Educational and Intellectual Leadership:
- Scholars and students must be provided with intellectual leadership grounded in Islamic principles, to establish the superiority of the Islamic scholarly model on a global stage.
