Source: Fiqhi Ahkam o Masail in the Light of Quran and Hadith, Rules of Eating: Volume 02: Page 469
Rules of Slaughtering
All praise is due to Allah, and blessings and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah. To proceed!
For an animal living on land to be lawful, it is a condition that it be slaughtered according to the Shariah method; otherwise, it will be considered carrion, which is forbidden. Therefore, it is necessary for every Muslim to know the Shariah rules of slaughtering.
The jurists have stated that slaughtering or killing an animal means cutting its jugular vein and esophagus to let the blood flow out. And if the animal is uncontrollable, it should be wounded.
The literal meaning of Zakat is: "to complete something." Since slaughtering an animal means letting its blood flow out well until its soul departs, this act is called Zakat, i.e., slaughter. Allah Almighty says:
﴿حُرِّمَت عَلَيكُمُ المَيتَةُ وَالدَّمُ وَلَحمُ الخِنزيرِ وَما أُهِلَّ لِغَيرِ اللَّهِ بِهِ وَالمُنخَنِقَةُ وَالمَوقوذَةُ وَالمُتَرَدِّيَةُ وَالنَّطيحَةُ وَما أَكَلَ السَّبُعُ إِلّا ما ذَكَّيتُم وَما ذُبِحَ عَلَى النُّصُبِ وَأَن تَستَقسِموا بِالأَزلـٰمِ ذٰلِكُم فِسقٌ اليَومَ يَئِسَ الَّذينَ كَفَروا مِن دينِكُم فَلا تَخشَوهُم وَاخشَونِ اليَومَ أَكمَلتُ لَكُم دينَكُم وَأَتمَمتُ عَلَيكُم نِعمَتى وَرَضيتُ لَكُمُ الإِسلـٰمَ دينًا فَمَنِ اضطُرَّ فى مَخمَصَةٍ غَيرَ مُتَجانِفٍ لِإِثمٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفورٌ رَحيمٌ ﴿٣﴾... سورة المائدة
"Forbidden to you are carrion, blood, the flesh of swine, and that which has been dedicated to other than Allah, and that which has been killed by strangling, or by a violent blow, or by a headlong fall, or by the goring of horns, and that which wild beasts have eaten—except what you have slaughtered— and that which is sacrificed on stone altars, and that you seek decision by divining arrows. All of that is an abomination. Today those who disbelieve have despaired of [defeating] your religion; so fear them not, but fear Me. Today I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion. But whoever is forced by severe hunger with no inclination to sin—then indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful."
Reference: Al-Ma'idah 5/3
That is, the one whom you raise alive, then slaughter it and drain all its blood. Later, this word came to be used for general slaughter, whether it had been previously injured or not.
① It is obligatory to slaughter the animal
It is necessary to slaughter the animal; otherwise, eating the meat of that animal will not be permissible, because an animal that is not slaughtered is considered carrion. Scholars have consensus that eating carrion is forbidden, except in cases of necessity, as Allah Almighty says:
﴿حُرِّمَت عَلَيكُمُ المَيتَةُ وَالدَّمُ...﴿٣﴾... سورة المائدة
Reference: Al-Ma'idah 5/3
However, fish, locusts, and every animal that lives only in water can be eaten without slaughtering, because the carrion of water, i.e., the sea, has been declared permissible. Accordingly, there is a narration from Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:
"أُحِلَّتْ لَكُمْ مَيْتَتَانِ وَدَمَانِ فَأَمَّا الْمَيْتَتَانِ فَالْحُوتُ وَالْجَرَادُ وَأَمَّا الدَّمَانِ فَالْكَبِدُ وَالطِّحَالُ "
"For us, two types of carrion and two types of blood are permissible: two carrions are fish and locusts, and two types of blood are liver and spleen."
Reference: Sunan Ibn Majah Al-At'imah, Chapter on Liver and Spleen, Hadith 3314, and Musnad Ahmad 2/97
The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said about the sea:
"هُوَ اَلطُّهُورُ مَاؤُهُ، اَلْحِلُّ مَيْتَتُهُ"
"Its water is pure and its carrion is permissible."
Reference: Sunan Abi Dawood Al-Taharah, Chapter on Ablution with Sea Water, Hadith 83, and Musnad Ahmad 2/361
② Four Conditions of Slaughter
There are four conditions of slaughter, which are as follows:
1. The One Who Slaughters
The one who slaughters must be sane and either a Muslim or from the People of the Book. Therefore, the slaughtered animal by a mad person, someone intoxicated, or a child without discernment will not be lawful, because these individuals lack the intellect required for the intention and purpose of slaughter.
Similarly, the slaughtered animal of a disbeliever, idolater, Magian, or apostate is not halal. Furthermore, those who worship graves, who seek help from the dead and offer sacrifices and offerings at graves, their slaughtered animals are also not halal because these people commit shirk.
Those grave-worshipping polytheists who claim to be from the Ummah of Muhammad are also not included in the ruling of the People of the Book, therefore their slaughtered animals are not halal. But the slaughtered animal of a People of the Book disbeliever, i.e., a Jew or Christian, is halal. Allah Almighty says:
﴿وَطَعامُ الَّذينَ أوتُوا الكِتـٰبَ حِلٌّ لَكُم...﴿٥﴾... سورة المائدة
"And the food of the People of the Book is lawful for you."
Reference: Al-Ma'idah 5/5
There is consensus among the Muslims on this. Imam Bukhari, may Allah have mercy on him, narrated the statement of Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, that (طَعَامُ) refers to their "slaughtered animals."
Reference: Sahih al-Bukhari, Al-Dhaba'ih wa al-Sayd, Chapter on the Slaughtered Animals of the People of the Book... before Hadith 5508
From this noble verse, it is also understood that the slaughtered animal of a non-People of the Book disbeliever is not halal, and there is consensus on this issue.
The reason why the slaughter of the People of the Book is permissible and the slaughter of other disbelievers is forbidden is that the People of the Book believe that slaughtering in the name of anyone other than Allah is forbidden, and they also consider carrion forbidden because this was the teaching of their noble prophets. Whereas other disbelievers slaughter in the name of idols and also consider carrion permissible.
2. Effective Tool
Slaughtering is valid with any tool whose blade causes blood to flow, whether it is made of iron, stone, or any other metal, except teeth and nails, because slaughtering with these two is not permissible. The evidence for this is the saying of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him:
"مَا أَنْهَرَ الدَّمَ وَذُكِرَ اسْمُ اللهِ فَكُلْ، لَيْسَ السِّنَّ وَالظُّفُرَ"
"Whatever causes the blood of the animal to flow and the name of Allah is mentioned over it, then eat it, except that the tool should not be teeth or nails."
Reference: Sahih al-Bukhari, Jihad, Chapter: What is disliked in slaughtering camels and sheep in war booty, Hadith 3075
Imam Ibn Qayyim, may Allah have mercy on him, says: "Slaughtering by bone is prohibited because either it is impure or it becomes impure for a believer due to slaughtering by it."
Reference: I'lam al-Muwaqqi'in 4/142-143
The complete hadith is as follows:
"أَمَّا السِّنُّ فَعَظْمٌ. وَأَمَّا الظُّفُرُ فَمُدَى الْحَبَشَةِ"
"(I tell you about these two) Teeth are bone and nails are the knives of the disbelieving Abyssinians."
Reference: Sahih al-Bukhari, Jihad, Chapter: What is disliked in slaughtering camels and sheep among the spoils, Hadith 3075
Therefore, slaughtering by either of these is not permissible.
Reference: I'lam al-Muwaqqi'in 4/142-143
3. Cutting the Throat and the Jugular Vein
That is, by cutting the veins of the animal's throat, the ruling of slaughtering is completed.
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, may Allah have mercy on him, says: "If the esophagus, throat, and both veins are cut, the animal will be halal; cutting three out of these four parts also makes the animal halal. Whether the throat is included among these three or not, cutting the veins other than the throat is better, and it causes the blood to flow out more thoroughly."
The prescribed method for slaughtering a camel is "Nahr," meaning a sharp spear or lance is thrust between its neck and chest, while for other animals, slaughtering is the correct method. The specified location for slaughtering animals is chosen because it is the place where all the veins of the body converge. Cutting them causes the blood of the entire body to flow out quickly and easily. The animal does not suffer much pain at the time of death, so all its meat becomes better and of higher quality. The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said:
"وإذا ذبحتم فأحسنوا الذبح"
"When you slaughter an animal, do it in the best manner."
Reference: Sahih Muslim, Al-Sayd, Chapter on the Command to Slaughter and Kill Kindly and Sharpening the Blade, Hadith 1955
If it is not possible to slaughter at the specified location, for example, if it is game, or the camel has escaped from hands, or an animal has fallen into a well, then if a wound is inflicted on any part of its body to let the blood flow out, it will be considered slaughtered, and its meat is halal to eat.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Rafi' رضي الله عنه that once a camel ran away. A man shot an arrow and wounded it, causing it to stop. Then the Prophet ﷺ said:
"فَمَا نَدَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاصْنَعُوا بِهِ هَكَذَا"
"Whatever animal overcomes you, do the same with it."
Reference: Sahih al-Bukhari, Jihad, Chapter: What is disliked about slaughtering camels and sheep in war booty, Hadith 3075; and Sahih Muslim, Al-Adahi, Chapter: Permissibility of slaughtering any animal from which blood flows... Hadith 1968
A similar narration is also transmitted from Hazrat Ali رضي الله عنه, Ibn Mas'ud رضي الله عنه, Ibn Umar رضي الله عنه, Ibn Abbas رضي الله عنه, and Aisha رضي الله عنها.
If the throat of any animal is strangled, or it is beaten with a stick, or it falls from a height, or another animal has collided with it, or a part of its body has been bitten and eaten by a predator, and then it is found alive and slaughtered, it is permissible (halal); otherwise, it is forbidden (haram). Allah Almighty says:
﴿حُرِّمَت عَلَيكُمُ المَيتَةُ وَالدَّمُ وَلَحمُ الخِنزيرِ وَما أُهِلَّ لِغَيرِ اللَّهِ بِهِ وَالمُنخَنِقَةُ وَالمَوقوذَةُ وَالمُتَرَدِّيَةُ وَالنَّطيحَةُ وَما أَكَلَ السَّبُعُ إِلّا ما ذَكَّيتُم وَما ذُبِحَ عَلَى النُّصُبِ وَأَن تَستَقسِموا بِالأَزلـٰمِ ذٰلِكُم فِسقٌ اليَومَ يَئِسَ الَّذينَ كَفَروا مِن دينِكُم فَلا تَخشَوهُم وَاخشَونِ اليَومَ أَكمَلتُ لَكُم دينَكُم وَأَتمَمتُ عَلَيكُم نِعمَتى وَرَضيتُ لَكُمُ الإِسلـٰمَ دينًا فَمَنِ اضطُرَّ فى مَخمَصَةٍ غَيرَ مُتَجانِفٍ لِإِثمٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفورٌ رَحيمٌ ﴿٣﴾... سورة المائدة
"It is forbidden for you to eat carrion, blood, the flesh of swine, and that on which any name other than Allah's has been invoked, and that which has been strangled, or killed by a violent blow, or by a fall from a height, or by the goring of horns, and that which wild beasts have eaten—except what you slaughter properly. And do not eat that which is sacrificed on stone altars, and do not practice divination by arrows. All these are grave sins. Today, the disbelievers have despaired of your religion. Beware! Do not fear them, but fear Me. Today I have perfected your religion for you, completed My favor upon you, and have chosen Islam as your religion. So whoever is forced by severe hunger, with no inclination to sin, then indeed Allah is Forgiving and Merciful."
Reference: Al-Ma'idah 5/3
4. Saying Bismillah at the time of slaughter
The one who slaughters should say Bismillah at the time of slaughter. Allah Almighty says:
﴿وَلا تَأكُلوا مِمّا لَم يُذكَرِ اسمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيهِ وَإِنَّهُ لَفِسقٌ ...﴿١٢١﴾... سورة الانعام
"And do not eat of that upon which the name of Allah has not been mentioned, for indeed it is disobedience."
Reference: Al-An'am 6/121
Imam Ibn Qayyim (may Allah have mercy on him) says: "There is no doubt that mentioning the name of Allah makes the slaughtered animal pure, and it removes Satan from between the one who slaughters and the animal; otherwise, Satan establishes a connection between the one who slaughters and the animal. He implants the effects of impurity in the animal. That is why the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) would say Bismillah when slaughtering an animal. It is proven from the verse that if Bismillah is not said at the time of slaughter, the animal is not halal, even if the one who slaughters is a Muslim."
Reference: I'lam al-Muwaqqi'in 2/152
If Bismillah is forgotten unintentionally, the animal will be halal, because in the hadith it is stated:
"إِنَّ اللهَ تَجَاوَزَ لِي عَنْ أُمَّتِي الخَطَأَ وَالنِّسْيَانَ وَمَا اسْتُكْرِهُوا عَلَيْهِ"
"Indeed, Allah has forgiven the mistakes, forgetfulness, and what is done under compulsion and force on behalf of my Ummah for my sake."
Reference: Sunan Ibn Majah Hadith 2043
③ Takbeer with Tasmiyah
Saying "Allahu Akbar" with Tasmiyah is also Sunnah.
④ Etiquettes of Slaughtering
The following are the etiquettes of slaughtering:
◈ 1. The knife should be sharp: It is disliked to slaughter with a dull tool; rather, the tool should be very sharp so that the animal does not suffer much pain. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:
"وَلْيُحِدَّ أَحَدُكُمْ شَفْرَتَهُ، فَلْيُرِحْ ذَبِيحَتَهُ"
"Each one of you should keep the knife sharp and not cause suffering to the slaughtered animal."
Reference: Sahih Muslim, Al-Sayd, Chapter on the command to do good in slaughtering and killing and sharpening the knife, Hadith 1955
◈ 2. Do not sharpen the tool in front of the animal: It is disliked to sharpen the slaughtering tool, such as the knife, in front of the animal's eyes, because the hadith states:
"أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِحَدِّ الشِّفَارِ ، وَأَنْ تُوَارَى عَنِ الْبَهَائِمِ"
"The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) ordered that the knife be sharpened and kept hidden from the animals."
Reference: Sunan Ibn Majah, Al-Dhaba'ih, Chapter on when you slaughter, do it well, Hadith 3172; Musnad Ahmad 2/108
◈ 3. Turning the animal away from the Qibla is disliked: It is also disliked that the animal's face should not be towards the Qibla.
◈ 4. Breaking the neck or skinning the animal before it cools down: It is disliked to break the neck (throat) or skin the animal before it has cooled down.
⑤ The Sunnah method of slaughtering
The Sunnah is to make the camel stand at the time of slaughter and tie its front left leg. While the cow or goat should be laid on the left side for slaughter.
Rules of Hunting
"Hunting" (Sa’id) means hunting a halal animal that is naturally not accustomed to humans and is not easily caught. Such an animal is also called hunted.
If hunting is done out of human necessity, it is permissible without causing distress, and if it is done merely for sport and amusement, it is disliked. If hunting causes damage to people's fields, crops, and property, it is forbidden.
① Evidence for the permissibility of hunting under necessity
In the first mentioned case, the evidence for the permissibility of hunting is the command of Allah Almighty:
﴿ وَإِذا حَلَلتُم فَاصطادوا...﴿٢﴾... سورة المائدة
"Yes! When you have removed the Ihram, you may hunt."
Reference: Al-Ma'idah:5/2
And it is stated:
﴿يَسـَٔلونَكَ ماذا أُحِلَّ لَهُم قُل أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ الطَّيِّبـٰتُ وَما عَلَّمتُم مِنَ الجَوارِحِ مُكَلِّبينَ تُعَلِّمونَهُنَّ مِمّا عَلَّمَكُمُ اللَّهُ فَكُلوا مِمّا أَمسَكنَ عَلَيكُم وَاذكُرُوا اسمَ اللَّهِ عَلَيهِ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَريعُ الحِسابِ ﴿٤﴾... سورة المائدة
"They ask you what is lawful for them. Say, 'All good things have been made lawful for you, and the game of the animals you have trained to hunt—those which you have taught, as Allah has taught you—so eat from what they catch for you, and mention the name of Allah upon it. And fear Allah; indeed, Allah is swift in account.'"
Reference: Al-Ma'idah:5/4
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:
"إذَا أَرْسَلْت كَلْبَك الْمُعَلَّمَ، وَذَكَرْت اسْمَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ؛ فَكُلْ"
"If you release your trained dog for hunting after saying 'Bismillah,' then eat what it catches."
Reference: Sahih al-Bukhari, Al-Dhaba'ih wal-Sayd, Chapter: If the dog eats... Hadith 5483; Sahih Muslim, Al-Sayd wal-Dhaba'ih, Chapter: Trained dogs and hunting, Hadith 1929, and the wording is his
② Two conditions for the hunter to receive the prey
When the prey is brought by the hunter through dogs or other means, there can be two situations:
◈ 1. The prey is alive: When the prey is caught and it is intact and alive, it must be slaughtered according to the Shariah method. Merely catching the prey is not sufficient.
◈ 2. The prey is dead or has slight signs of life remaining: If the animal dies from hunting, or if there are slight signs of life remaining, then in such a case it will be halal, provided the following conditions are met.
③ Conditions of the prey
1. Competence of the hunter
The person who hunts must be competent to slaughter, because the hunter is under the command of the person who slaughters. Therefore, competence is necessary, meaning he must be sane, Muslim, or from the People of the Book. Hence, hunting by a mad person or someone intoxicated is not permissible, because they lack intellect, just as their slaughter is not halal.
2. Having a tool
The tool can be of two types:
◈ It should be a sharp-edged tool that causes bleeding, as is the condition for slaughter, but it should not be bone or nail.
◈ The hunting tool should strike the prey with its sharp or pointed side rather than the broad side and should wound the prey.
If the hunting tool is not sharp or pointed, for example, a stone, stick, net, piece of iron, etc., then if the prey dies, it will not be halal.
However, hunting with a bullet fired from a gun is permissible because the impact has enough force and speed to tear the animal even more than a sharp-edged tool and causes bleeding.
The predatory animals or birds that are used for hunting, and have been properly trained for hunting, their caught prey is halal, even if it dies. Whether the animal hunts by biting, like a dog, or by claws, like a falcon. Allah Almighty says:
﴿يَسـَٔلونَكَ ماذا أُحِلَّ لَهُم قُل أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ الطَّيِّبـٰتُ وَما عَلَّمتُم مِنَ الجَوارِحِ مُكَلِّبينَ تُعَلِّمونَهُنَّ مِمّا عَلَّمَكُمُ اللَّهُ فَكُلوا مِمّا أَمسَكنَ عَلَيكُم وَاذكُرُوا اسمَ اللَّهِ عَلَيهِ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَريعُ الحِسابِ ﴿٤﴾... سورة المائدة
"They ask you what is lawful for them. Say, 'All pure things are lawful for you, and the game of prey that you have trained as Allah has taught you. So eat of what they catch for you, and mention the name of Allah upon it. And fear Allah.' Indeed, Allah is swift in account."
Reference: Al-Ma'idah 5/4
The training of the hunting animal means teaching it the manners of hunting. When it is released after the prey, it should chase after it; when it is urged towards the prey, it should pursue it; and when it catches the prey, it should bring it to its owner and not eat it itself.
3. The Intention of Hunting
The tool (arrow, bullet, etc.) should be released on the animal with the intention of hunting. Accordingly, the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said:
"إذَا أَرْسَلْت كَلْبَك الْمُعَلَّمَ، وَذَكَرْت اسْمَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ؛ فَكُلْ"
"If you release your trained dog for hunting after saying 'Bismillah,' then whatever it hunts is permissible to eat."
Reference: Sahih al-Bukhari, Al-Dhaba'ih wal-Sayd, Chapter: If the dog ate... Hadith 5483, and Sahih Muslim, Al-Sayd wal-Dhaba'ih, Chapter: Hunting with trained dogs and shooting, Hadith 1929, and the wording is his
From this, it is understood that releasing the animal is equivalent to slaughtering, therefore intention (niyyah) is necessary. If a tool falls from someone's hand, or a bullet is fired unintentionally from a gun causing the animal to die, it will not be halal because there was no intention involved.
Similarly, if the dog itself runs and catches the prey which dies, it will not be halal because the owner neither released the dog with the intention of hunting nor said "Bismillah."
If someone sees many animals and aims at one animal and fires a bullet, killing many animals besides the intended one, all will be halal because there was the intention of hunting.
4. Saying Bismillah when releasing arrows, bullets, or hunting animals
When releasing an arrow, bullet, or hunting animal, say "Bismillah." Allah Almighty says:
﴿وَلا تَأكُلوا مِمّا لَم يُذكَرِ اسمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيهِ ... ﴿١٢١﴾... سورةالانعام
"And do not eat of that upon which the name of Allah has not been mentioned."
Reference: Al-An'am 6/121
And He says:
﴿فَكُلوا مِمّا أَمسَكنَ عَلَيكُم وَاذكُرُوا اسمَ اللَّهِ عَلَيهِ ... ﴿٤﴾... سورةالمائدة
"And when you catch a game for food, mention the name of Allah upon it and eat of it."
Reference: Al-Ma'idah 5/4
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:
"إذَا أَرْسَلْت كَلْبَك الْمُعَلَّمَ، وَذَكَرْت اسْمَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ؛ فَكُلْ"
"If you release your trained dog to hunt after saying 'Bismillah,' then eat whatever it catches."
Reference: Sahih al-Bukhari, Al-Dhaba'ih wal-Sayd, Chapter: If the dog eats... Hadith 5483; and Sahih Muslim, Al-Sayd wal-Dhaba'ih, Chapter: Hunting with trained dogs and shooting, Hadith 1929, wording as such
From the verses and hadiths, it is also clear that if "Bismillah" is not said, the hunt will not be lawful (halal).
It is Sunnah to say "Allahu Akbar" along with "Bismillah," as is said when slaughtering an animal. Accordingly, there is a narration:
"When the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) used to slaughter animals, he would say 'Bismillah, Allahu Akbar'."
Reference: Al-Sunan al-Kubra by Al-Bayhaqi 9/285, also see Sahih al-Bukhari Al-Dhaba'ih wal-Sayd, chapter on naming the slaughter and the one who deliberately omits it, hadith 5498, and Sahih Muslim Al-Adahi, chapter on the recommendation of appreciating the sacrifice, hadith 1966
④ Situations in which hunting becomes forbidden
There are some situations in which hunting becomes forbidden, and they are as follows:
◈ 1. Hunting while in the state of Ihram: It is forbidden for a person in the state of Ihram to kill any land animal, or to catch it, or to point towards the hunt, or to assist through guidance. Allah Almighty says:
﴿يـٰأَيُّهَا الَّذينَ ءامَنوا لا تَقتُلُوا الصَّيدَ وَأَنتُم حُرُمٌ ... ﴿٩٥﴾... سورة المائدة
"O you who have believed! Do not kill game while you are in the state of Ihram."
Reference: Al-Ma'idah 5/95
◈ 2. Eating the hunted animal for a Muharram: If a Muharram himself hunted, or assisted someone in hunting, then it is forbidden for him to eat it. Similarly, it is forbidden for the Muharram for whom the hunting was done to eat it. Allah Almighty says:
﴿ وَحُرِّمَ عَلَيكُم صَيدُ البَرِّ ما دُمتُم حُرُمًا ...﴿٩٦﴾... سورة المائدة
"And hunting on land is forbidden for you while you are in the state of Ihram."
Reference: Al-Ma'idah 5/96
◈ 3. Hunting in the Haram: Similarly, hunting in the Haram is unanimously forbidden, whether the person is a Muhrim or a common person. Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said on the day of the conquest of Makkah:
"إنَّ هَذَا الْبَلَدَ حَرَّمَهُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالأَرْضَ ، فَهُوَ حَرَامٌ بِحُرْمَةِ اللَّهِ إلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ ، وَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَحِلَّ الْقِتَالُ فِيهِ لأَحَدٍ قَبْلِي , وَلَمْ يَحِلَّ لِي إلاَّ سَاعَةً مِنْ نَهَارٍ ؛ فَهُوَ حَرَامٌ بِحُرْمَةِ اللَّهِ إلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ . لا يُعْضَدُ شَوْكُهُ , وَلا يُنَفَّرُ صَيْدُهُ , وَلا يَلْتَقِطُ لُقْطَتَهُ إلاَّ مَنْ عَرَّفَهَا ، وَلا يُخْتَلَى خَلاهُ "
"Indeed, Allah has made this city sacred from the day He created the heavens and the earth, and its sanctity is due to the sanctity granted by Allah which will remain until the Day of Judgment... neither its thorny trees should be cut, nor its game driven away... and neither should its grass be cut."
Reference: Sahih al-Bukhari, Al-Juz’ Bab Ithm al-Ghadir lil-Birr wal-Fajir, Hadith 3189; and Sahih Muslim, Al-Hajj Bab Tahrim Makkah wa Tahrim Saydaha... Hadith 1353
⑤ The ruling on keeping a dog without reason
Keeping a dog without reason is forbidden, except in those cases where the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) permitted it, and those are three matters:
❀ 1. It should be for hunting.
❀ 2. It should be for guarding animals.
❀ 3. Or it should be for protecting fields.
The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said:
"مَنِ اتَّخَذَ كَلْباً إِلاَّ كَلْبَ مَاشِيَةٍ أوْ صَيْدٍ أوْ زَرْعٍ انْتُقِصَ مِنْ أجْرِهِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ قِيرَاطٌ"
"Whoever keeps a dog for any purpose other than herding, hunting, or guarding the fields, his reward will decrease by one Qirat every day."
Reference: Sahih al-Bukhari, Al-Harth wal-Mazari'ah, Chapter on Keeping Dogs for Agriculture, Hadith 2322, 2323; Sahih Muslim, Al-Musaqat, Chapter on the Command to Kill Dogs and Explanation of its Abrogation, Hadith (58) 1575, and the wording is his
Some people do not care about this warning and keep dogs merely for pride and imitating the disbelievers, without any of the three mentioned purposes. They do not realize at all that according to the Prophetic command, their reward is decreasing day by day, even though if they suffer a minor loss in worldly wealth, they cannot bear it.
The Noble Prophet, peace be upon him, informed:
" لا تدخل الملائكة بيتا فيه كلب ولا صورة "
"Angels do not enter a house in which there is a dog or an image."
Reference: Sahih al-Bukhari, Bada' al-Khalq, Chapter on If a Fly Falls into One of Your Drinks, Hadith 3322
Every Muslim should fear their Lord, not commit sins and wrong themselves, and protect themselves from actions that lead to a decrease in reward. And Allah is the One whose help is sought.
This is what I have, and Allah knows best what is correct.
