Inheritance Ruling: Division of Property According to Shariah
Reference: Fatāwā Rāshidiyyah, Page 594
❖ Question
What do the respected scholars say about the following case:
Yar Muhammad passed away and left behind the following heirs:
◄ Two sons: Umar and Isa
◄ One daughter: Rajabai
◄ Wife: Rani
Afterwards, Isa also passed away and left behind:
◄ One real brother: Umar
◄ Three daughters: Singhār, Aament, Maryam
◄ Wife: Fatimah
◄ Maternal brother and the maternal brother’s two sons: Ramzan and Arbab
What is the Shariah ruling regarding the distribution of inheritance among these heirs?
❖ Answer
Alḥamdulillāh, waṣ-ṣalātu was-salāmu ʿalā Rasūlillāh, Ammā baʿd!
① First Distribution (After the Death of Yar Muhammad)
Total Estate: 1 Rupee
Heirs and Shares:
◄ Son Umar → 5 annas 7 paisas
◄ Son Isa → 5 annas 7 paisas
◄ Daughter Rajabai → 2 annas 10 paisas
◄ Wife Rani → 2 annas
② Second Distribution (After the Death of Isa)
Total Estate: 5 annas 7 paisas
Heirs and Shares:
◄ Wife Fatimah → 1 anna 2½ paisas
◄ Three daughters (Singhār, Aament, Maryam) → 3 annas 9 paisas jointly
◄ Real brother Umar → 1 anna 13½ paisas
◄ Maternal brother and his sons → Deprived
③ Surviving Heirs (al-Aḥyāʾ) with Their Shares
◄ Umar → 6 annas 8½ paisas
◄ Rajabai → 2 annas 10 paisas
◄ Rani → 2 annas
◄ Fatimah → 1 anna 2½ paisas
◄ Maryam → 1 anna 3 paisas
◄ Singhār → 1 anna 3 paisas
◄ Aament → 1 anna 3 paisas
④ Decimal System Distribution
(a) Yar Muhammad’s Estate (Total = 100%)
◄ Two sons (ʿaṣabah) → 70% (each 35%)
◄ One daughter (ʿaṣabah) → 17.5%
◄ Wife (1/8) → 12.5%
(b) Isa’s Estate (Total = 100%)
◄ Wife (1/8) → 12.5%
◄ Three daughters (2/3) → 66.66% (each 22.22%)
◄ Real brother (ʿaṣabah) → 20.9%
◄ Maternal brother → Deprived
ھذا ما عندی واللہ أعلم بالصواب
