Question: What is the status of the hadith "كلّ أيّام التّشريق" in terms of its chain of narration?
Answer:This hadith, with all its chains of narration, is "weak."
It has been narrated by Abu Nasr al-Tammar Abdul Malik bin Abdul Aziz al-Qushayri, from Sayed bin Abdul Aziz, from Sulaiman bin Musa, from Abdul Rahman bin Abi Hussain, from Jubair bin Mut'im, and is reported as marfu':
"وفي كل ايام التشر يق ذبع"
"Each day of the days of Tashreeq (11, 12, 13 Dhul-Hijjah) is a day of sacrifice."
[Musnad al-Bazzar, Kashf al-Astar: 1126; Al-Kamil by Ibn Adi: 3/269; another version: 3/1118; Sunan al-Kubra by al-Bayhaqi: 9/295-296; Al-Muhalla by Ibn Hazm: 7/272]
Imam Ibn Hibban (3854) has graded this hadith as "sahih.
"Commentary:
This chain is "weak" due to disconnection.Hafiz Ibn Hajar writes:
"In its chain, there is a disconnection because it is narrated by Abdul Rahman bin Abi Hussain from Jubair bin Mut'im, and he did not meet him."[Al-Talkhis al-Habir: 2/255]
Abdul Rahman bin Abi Hussain al-Nawfali is "majhul al-hal" (unknown status). Except for Imam Ibn Hibban, no one has authenticated him.
Second Chain:
This narration is also reported by Abu al-Mughirah Abdul Quddus bin al-Hajjaj al-Himsi (and Abu al-Yaman al-Hakam bin Nafi al-Himsi) from Sa'id, from Sulaiman bin Musa, from Jubair bin Mut'im:[Musnad Ahmad: 4/82; Sunan al-Kubra by al-Bayhaqi: 5/239, 9/295]
Commentary:
This chain is also "weak" due to disconnection.◈ Imam Bayhaqi states:
"This is correct, but it is mursal."◈ Hafiz Ibn Kathir states:"Ahmad narrated it in this manner, and it is disconnected because Sulaiman bin Musa al-Ashdaq did not meet Jubair bin Mut'im."
[Nasb al-Raya by al-Zayla'i: 3/61]
Third Chain:
Hafiz Ibn Hajar states:"Ahmad narrated it, but its chain is disconnected, and Daraqutni connected it, and its narrators are trustworthy."
[Fath al-Bari: 8/10]
Commentary:
Hafiz Ibn Hajar's claim that Imam Daraqutni connected it is subject to scrutiny; Suwaid bin Abdul Aziz's hearing from Sa'id bin Abdul Aziz al-Tanukhi is required. Also, Hafiz Ibn Hajar's assertion that its narrators are trustworthy is incorrect, as he himself declared Suwaid bin Abdul Aziz as "weak"
[Taqrib al-Tahdhib: 2692; Lisan al-Mizan: 3/4; Fath al-Bari: 1/572].
◈ Hafiz Haythami states:
"It was weakened by Ahmad and the majority of the imams, and Imam Dahim authenticated him."
[Majma' al-Zawaid: 3/148, 7/89]
◈ Imam Bayhaqi states:
"This chain is not strong because its narrator is Suwaid."
[Al-Sunan al-Kubra by al-Bayhaqi: 5/239]
Fourth Chain:
'Amr bin Abi Salamah al-Tanisi narrates from Hafs bin Ghilan, from Sulaiman bin Musa, that 'Amr bin Dinar narrated it from Jubair bin Mut'im, marfu':"كل أيام التشر يق ذبع"
Commentary:
This chain is "weak" as its narrator Ahmad bin Isa al-Khashshab is criticized.
◈ Imam Daraqutni states:
"He is not strong."
[Sualat al-Salmi: 62]
◈ Ibn Tahir says:"He is a liar and fabricates hadith."
[Lisan al-Mizan: 1/340]
◈ Imam Ibn Hibban states:"He attributes strange narrations to known narrators and attributes altered ones to reliable narrators; if he is alone, he is not reliable."
[Al-Majroohin: 1/146]
◈ Imam Ibn Yunus says:"His narrations are very disturbed."[Lisan al-Mizan by Ibn Hajar: 1/240]There is no evidence of his reliability.
Fifth Chain:
Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (RA) narrates that the Prophet (PBUH) said:"أيّام التّشريق كلّها ذبح"
"All days of Tashreeq are days of sacrifice."[Al-Kamil by Ibn Adi: 6/400]
Commentary:
This chain is extremely "weak."Its narrator Mu'awiyah bin Yahya al-Sadafi is considered "weak" by the majority.◈ Hafiz Haythami states:
"The majority declared him weak."
[Majma' al-Zawaid by al-Haythami: 3/85]
◈ Hafiz Ibn Hajar states he is "weak."[Taqrib al-Tahdhib: 6772]Additionally, Imam al-Zuhri practiced tadlis and also narrated it as mursal.