❖ Does ʾĪlāʾ Take Effect in a State of Anger?
Written by: ʿImrān Ayyūb Lāhorī
❀ Ruling
The stronger opinion is that ʾĪlāʾ takes effect in every situation, whether in anger or not, because the Sharīʿah has not placed the condition of anger for its validity. Furthermore, it is essentially an oath (qasam), and an oath is valid in every state without exception.
- ʿAbdullāh ibn Masʿūd رضي الله عنه held that ʾĪlāʾ takes place in all conditions, whether in anger or otherwise.
- Imām al-Shāfiʿī, Imām Mālik, and Imām Aḥmad رحمهم الله also held this view.
On the other hand:
- ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAbbās رضي الله عنهما and ʿAlī رضي الله عنه said that ʾĪlāʾ occurs only in a state of anger.
- This was also the opinion of Imām Layth, Imām Shaʿbī, Imām Ḥasan, and Imām ʿAṭāʾ رحمهم الله أجمعين.
References:
- Tafsīr al-Lubāb fī ʿUlūm al-Kitāb 4/101
- Tafsīr al-Qurṭubī 3/70
- Tafsīr al-Ṭabarī 4/459
❀ Additional Note
Whether the husband has been intimate with his wife or not, the validity of ʾĪlāʾ remains the same in both cases.
[ibid.]
