✿ Divine Books: Torah, Psalms, Gospel, and the Noble Qur’an
The Torah, Zabur (Psalms), Injil (Gospel), and the Qur’an are four divinely revealed books sent by the Creator of the universe to His prophets at different times in history. These revelations were sent respectively to:
◈ Prophet Musa (Moses) عليه السلام
◈ Prophet Dawud (David) عليه السلام
◈ Prophet ʿIsa (Jesus) عليه السلام
◈ The Final Messenger, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ
The purpose of these divine scriptures and other revealed scrolls was the welfare, guidance, and spiritual elevation of humanity, leading them towards obedience to Allah. They contain promises of success in this world and the Hereafter for those who obey, and warnings of punishment for the rebellious.
✿ The Prophethood of Muhammad ﷺ and the Qur’an
The messages of previous prophets were limited to specific nations and, over time, their teachings were altered or lost. Since Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is the Final Messenger, the Qur’an has been preserved in its original form until the Day of Judgment, as a universal guidance for all of mankind.
However, Jews and Christians rejected the Prophethood of Muhammad ﷺ:
✔ The Jews denied both Prophet ʿIsa and Prophet Muhammad ﷺ.
✔ The Christians rejected the Prophethood of Muhammad ﷺ and refused to recognize the Qur’an as a divine revelation.
✿ Jewish and Christian Opposition
The Jews, who were awaiting a prophet from among themselves (the Children of Israel), turned to opposition when the Prophet ﷺ was raised among the descendants of Ismaʿil. When he ﷺ arrived in Madinah, he faced severe resistance from the Jews, despite granting them equal rights.
They engaged in:
◈ Conspiracies
◈ Propaganda
◈ Plots to assassinate the Prophet ﷺ
The Christians also refused to accept the Prophethood of Muhammad ﷺ. Their opposition extended into Crusades and later into Orientalist movements.
✿ Objections Against the Qur’an
One of the main orientalist claims was:
✦ “The Qur’an is not the word of Allah, but rather the speech of Muhammad ﷺ.”
They claimed that much of the Qur’an consists of stories from previous nations, which Muhammad ﷺ allegedly borrowed from other religions and incorporated into the Qur’an.
✿ The Qur’an’s Inimitable Nature (Iʿjāz al-Qurʾān)
There are comprehensive evidences for the Qur’an’s miraculous nature:
✔ Its language and eloquence
✔ Its style and structure
✔ Its prophecies and divinely inspired guidance
The mention of previous prophets and their nations in the Qur’an further proves that it is divine revelation and not human authorship.
✿ Claims and Arguments of the Orientalists
Orientalists have claimed that:
✦ “The Prophet ﷺ learned stories of the Qur’an from Christian monks during his trade journeys to Syria.”
✦ They also pointed to Waraqah ibn Nawfal as a source of his knowledge.
However, historical facts refute this claim:
✔ The Prophet ﷺ had no direct scholarly relationship with Waraqah.
✔ Khadijah (رضي الله عنها)’s firm belief in the Prophet ﷺ and her sacrifices strongly invalidate these claims.
✿ The Divine Source of the Prophet’s ﷺ Knowledge
The Prophethood of Muhammad ﷺ continued for 23 years. Had he ﷺ learned from any human teacher, that person would have remained with him, and such a relationship could not have escaped the eyes of the pagan Quraysh of Makkah.
Moreover:
✔ Khadijah (رضي الله عنها)’s immediate and unwavering faith in the Prophet ﷺ is a clear proof that his knowledge came solely from divine revelation.
✿ Summary
To attribute the Qur’an to any human source or historical influence is both historically and logically baseless. The lives of Khadijah (رضي الله عنها) and the Companions, and their conviction in the truth of revelation, serve as radiant evidence that:✦ The Qur’an is the word of Allah alone
✦ It is not the product of any human effort or compilation
وَالله أعلم
