Belief in Dual Sovereignty

Authored by: Sheikh Al-Islam Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab (رحمه الله)
Translated by: Maulana Mukhtar Ahmad Nadwi (Hafizahullah)

Introduction​

The concept of dual sovereignty (Shirk fi al-Mulk) was a core belief of the Magians (Majus). The Magians revered natural elements such as light, fire, water, and the earth, and they upheld the Prophethood of Zoroaster (Zardasht). They followed a distinct religious law specific to their sects and practices.

Sectarian Divisions Among the Magians​

1. Mazhakiya (Followers of Mazdak Al-Mubadh):
   
   • Mubadh refers to the religious scholars and leaders of the Magians.
   • This sect believed in communal sharing of women, wealth, air, and even pathways.
2. Khurramiya (Followers of Babak Khurrami):
   
   • Known as the most deviant sect among the Magians.
   • They denied belief in the Creator, Prophethood, the Hereafter, and distinctions between lawful (halal) and unlawful (haram).

Influence on Other Deviant Sects​

Several deviant Islamic sects adopted similar beliefs and practices, including:

• Qaramita
• Ismailis
• Nusayris
• Kaysanites
• Zarariyah
• Hakamiyah

Among these, the Fatimids unified under a shared framework but differed in theological details. The Magians served as the ideological predecessors and leaders for these groups.

Comparison Between Magians and Deviant Sects​

1. Magians’ Adherence to Religion:
   The Magians adhered strictly to their religious laws and practices.
2. Deviation of Other Sects:
   While inspired by Magian beliefs, sects like the Qaramita and Ismailis abandoned adherence to any religious laws or ethical frameworks.

Conclusion​

The belief in dual sovereignty and the deviation from monotheistic principles originated with the Magians. Their influence extended to several later sects, which adopted similar ideologies while further deviating from any religious or moral obligations.

May Allah protect us from such misguided beliefs and practices.