The Correct Method of Performing Jam‘ Taqdim and Jam‘ Ta’khir in Light of Authentic Hadith
Source: Fatwa Ilmiyyah (Tawdih al-Ahkam)
What is the correct method, according to authentic Hadith, for performing Jam‘ Taqdim and Jam‘ Ta’khir in Salah?
Alhamdulillah, waṣ-ṣalātu was-salāmu ‘alā Rasūlillāh, ammā ba‘d!
◈ Jam‘ Taqdim means:
✿ Performing both Ẓuhr and ‘Asr prayers during the time of Ẓuhr.
✿ Similarly, performing both Maghrib and ‘Ishā’ prayers during the time of Maghrib.
◈ Jam‘ Ta’khir means:
✿ Delaying Ẓuhr and then performing both Ẓuhr and ‘Asr together during the time of ‘Asr.
✿ Delaying Maghrib and then performing both Maghrib and ‘Ishā’ together during the time of ‘Ishā’.
Hadith 1:
Sayyiduna Anas (RA) narrates:
"كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا ارتحل قبل أن تزيغ الشمس أخر الظهر إلى وقت العصر ثم نزل فجمع بينهما، فإن زاغت قبل أن يرتحل صلى الظهر والعصر ثم ركب"
(Bukhari: 1111, Muslim: 704)
✿ When the Prophet ﷺ set out on a journey before the sun had declined, he would delay Ẓuhr and perform it with ‘Asr together.
➊ If the sun had declined before setting out, he would perform both Ẓuhr and ‘Asr together and then depart.
Hadith 2:
Another narration states:
"وكان إذا ارتحل قبل المغرب أخر المغرب حتى يصليها مع العشاء، وإذا ارتحل بعد المغرب عجل العشاء فصلاها مع المغرب"
(Abu Dawood: 1220, authenticated by Shaykh al-Albani)
✿ When the Prophet ﷺ set out before Maghrib, he would delay Maghrib and perform it with ‘Ishā’ together.
➋ If he set out after Maghrib, he would hasten ‘Ishā’ and perform it with Maghrib together.
Both Jam‘ Taqdim and Jam‘ Ta’khir are proven from the authentic Sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ. Either method can be practiced when necessary, such as during travel or in cases of valid hardship.
Source: Fatwa Ilmiyyah (Tawdih al-Ahkam)
Question
What is the correct method, according to authentic Hadith, for performing Jam‘ Taqdim and Jam‘ Ta’khir in Salah?
Answer
Alhamdulillah, waṣ-ṣalātu was-salāmu ‘alā Rasūlillāh, ammā ba‘d!
Jam‘ Taqdim (Combining Prayers at the Earlier Time)
◈ Jam‘ Taqdim means:
✿ Performing both Ẓuhr and ‘Asr prayers during the time of Ẓuhr.
✿ Similarly, performing both Maghrib and ‘Ishā’ prayers during the time of Maghrib.
Jam‘ Ta’khir (Combining Prayers at the Later Time)
◈ Jam‘ Ta’khir means:
✿ Delaying Ẓuhr and then performing both Ẓuhr and ‘Asr together during the time of ‘Asr.
✿ Delaying Maghrib and then performing both Maghrib and ‘Ishā’ together during the time of ‘Ishā’.
Evidence from Authentic Hadith
Hadith 1:
Sayyiduna Anas (RA) narrates:
"كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا ارتحل قبل أن تزيغ الشمس أخر الظهر إلى وقت العصر ثم نزل فجمع بينهما، فإن زاغت قبل أن يرتحل صلى الظهر والعصر ثم ركب"
(Bukhari: 1111, Muslim: 704)
✿ When the Prophet ﷺ set out on a journey before the sun had declined, he would delay Ẓuhr and perform it with ‘Asr together.
➊ If the sun had declined before setting out, he would perform both Ẓuhr and ‘Asr together and then depart.
Hadith 2:
Another narration states:
"وكان إذا ارتحل قبل المغرب أخر المغرب حتى يصليها مع العشاء، وإذا ارتحل بعد المغرب عجل العشاء فصلاها مع المغرب"
(Abu Dawood: 1220, authenticated by Shaykh al-Albani)
✿ When the Prophet ﷺ set out before Maghrib, he would delay Maghrib and perform it with ‘Ishā’ together.
➋ If he set out after Maghrib, he would hasten ‘Ishā’ and perform it with Maghrib together.
Conclusion
Both Jam‘ Taqdim and Jam‘ Ta’khir are proven from the authentic Sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ. Either method can be practiced when necessary, such as during travel or in cases of valid hardship.
