❖ Clarification of Intellect: Islamic Philosophy and the Flaws of Atheism
✿ Introductory Analogy: The Example of a Taxi Driver
A taxi driver who takes passengers to their destinations symbolizes a believer who possesses insight and awareness.
In contrast, another driver who attempts to drive while blindfolded represents the atheist, who searches for direction without inner vision (basīrah).
◈ Capacity for Logical Thinking
① Muslim and Atheist Both Claim:
Humans possess intellect and reasoning.
② The Problem with Atheism:
It believes that intellectual faculties emerged as a result of unintelligent, blind physical processes.
③ The Islamic Position:
Intellect can only originate from intellect. Human cognitive capabilities are a product of Allah’s wisdom and design, because irrational and blind processes cannot give rise to understanding.
✿ Understanding and Reflection: The Failure of Atheism
According to atheistic philosophy, all phenomena result from random physical events.
❖ Critical Question:
If these physical events are blind and purposeless, then how can they account for human logical reasoning?
☞ Atheism thus undermines the very foundation it depends upon: intellect and reasoning.
◈ Perspective from Islamic Theology
☑ Islamic View:
Our intellect and insight are creations of Allah ﷻ, who is Al-‘Aleem (The All-Knowing) and Al-Hakeem (The Most Wise).
☑ Purpose:
Allah has enabled humans to explore the mysteries of the universe through their reasoning faculties.
✿ Example: Deductive Logic and Rational Thought
Illustration of a Logical Argument:
"All bachelors are unmarried. Zaid is a bachelor. Therefore, Zaid is unmarried."
We understand the conclusion through reason — but atheism fails to explain the origin of this very reason.
◈ Problems with Evolutionary Explanations
Darwin’s Challenge:
If the human mind evolved purely through natural selection, then how can its reasoning abilities be considered reliable?
☞ False beliefs may also contribute to survival, thus there is no necessary link between truth and survival.
✿ Computer vs. Human Intellect
❖ Computers follow programmed signals but do not understand meaning like human minds.
❖ Professor John Searle's "Chinese Room" Experiment highlighted that computers can manipulate symbols but are incapable of comprehending the meaning behind them.
◈ Evolutionary Reliability: An Inadequate Explanation
☑ Evolution cannot justify the truth-seeking nature of human intellect.
☑ Natural selection is driven by survival, not the pursuit of philosophical or scientific truth.
✿ The Superior Explanation: Islamic Creed
According to Islamic teachings, human intellectual capabilities are a divine gift from Allah ﷻ.
❖ The Qur’an repeatedly calls mankind to ponder and reflect:
﴿سَنُرِيهِمْ آيَاتِنَا فِي الْآفَاقِ وَفِي أَنفُسِهِمْ حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ﴾
(Sūrah Fuṣṣilat, Āyah 53)
❖ Conclusion
✔ Atheism is irrational: It cannot explain understanding and intellect.
✔ Islam is rational: It attributes intellect and reasoning to the deliberate creation of Allah.
✔ True comprehension of intellect is only possible through faith in God.
