❖ Author: Imran Ayyub Lahori
Topic: The Ruling on Giving Adhān for Missed Prayers
❖ Introduction
A person who has missed more than one prayer should give Adhān (call to prayer) and then for each individual prayer, give Iqāmah (call to commencement)—as demonstrated by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ during the Battle of Ahzāb when four prayers were missed, and he ﷺ acted accordingly.
❖ Relevant Hadith
"The Prophet ﷺ instructed Bilāl (RA) to give the Adhān. Then he gave Iqāmah and led the Ẓuhr prayer. Then Bilāl gave Iqāmah again and the Prophet ﷺ led the ʿAṣr prayer. Then Iqāmah was given and he led Maghrib, and again Iqāmah was given and he led ʿIshā."
(Weak: Ḍaʿīf al-Nasāʾī 21, Irwāʾ al-Ghalīl 239, al-Tirmidhī 179, Book of Prayer: Chapter – Regarding the One Who Misses Multiple Prayers and the Order in Which They Should Be Performed.)
⚠ Note: Although this Hadith is weak, its meaning is sound due to supporting evidences.
❖ Juristic Views
◉ Imām Aḥmad (RA), Imām Abū Ḥanīfah (RA):
Both Adhān and Iqāmah are recommended (Mustaḥabb) when making up missed prayers (Qaḍāʾ).
◉ Imām Mālik (RA), Imām al-Shāfiʿī (RA):
Adhān is not recommended for missed prayers, though Iqāmah should be given.
(References: Sharḥ al-Muhadhdhab 3/91, Fatḥ al-Wahhāb by Shaykh Zakariyyā 1/33, al-Hidāyah 1/42, Ḥāshiyah al-Dusūqī 1/191, Kashshāf al-Qināʿ 1/244, Sabil al-Salām 1/172)
❖ Preferred Opinion (Rājiḥ View)
If a person is in a location where Adhān has not already been called, then it is appropriate to give Adhān for the missed prayers.
However, if the Adhān has already been called in the area (e.g., from a mosque), then it is not necessary to give Adhān again.
In both cases, however, it is recommended to give Iqāmah for each individual missed prayer.
❖ Summary
➊ It is recommended to give Adhān and Iqāmah when making up missed prayers, based on prophetic practice and scholarly consensus (especially among Ḥanafī and Ḥanbalī jurists).
➋ If Adhān has already been given in the surrounding area, it suffices to give only the Iqāmah for each prayer.
➌ The goal is to maintain the discipline and structure of Ṣalāh even in Qadā’ situations, following the Sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ.
