سُوْرَةُ الْقَمَرِ
Surah Al-Qamar (54) — Ayah 45
سَيُهْزَمُ ٱلْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّونَ ٱلدُّبُرَ ﴿45﴾
Translation by Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan & Dr. Taqi-ud-Din al-Hilali
Their multitude will be put to flight, and they will show their backs.
Word by Word — Arabic, Transliteration & Meaning
سَيُهْزَمُ
sayuh'zamu
Soon will be defeated
ٱلْجَمْعُ
l-jamʿu
(their) assembly
وَيُوَلُّونَ
wayuwallūna
and they will turn
ٱلدُّبُرَ
l-dubura
(their) backs
Tafsir Taiseer ul-Quran — Maulana Abdul Rahman Kilani
Tafsir Taiseer ul-Quran (Facilitation of the Quran) is a comprehensive Quran commentary by Maulana Abdul Rahman Kilani, a renowned Salafi (Ahl al-Hadith) scholar from Pakistan. Known for his eloquent and accessible writing style, Kilani authored this tafsir with a focus on clarity — making Quranic meanings understandable to the common reader. The tafsir provides detailed historical context for verses related to battles and expeditions, and firmly refutes modernist ideologies using strong scriptural evidence. It is widely regarded as an invaluable resource for understanding the Quran and countering deviant interpretations. The tafsir is originally written in Urdu, translated to English by tohed.com.
45. Their assembly will soon be defeated, and they will turn their backs and flee [31].
[31]
The Migration to Abyssinia:
It is surmised that this Surah was revealed about one and a half to two years after Surah An-Najm. In the order of revelation, Surah An-Najm is number 23 and this Surah is number 37. Surah An-Najm was revealed between Rajab 5 Nabawi and Shawwal 5 Nabawi. From this, it is understood that this Surah was revealed in 7 Nabawi. At that time, the situation was such that, compelled by the oppression and persecution of the disbelievers, 83 Muslim men and women had gone to Abyssinia. The rest were besieged in Sha‘b Abi Talib. They had been subjected to both social and economic boycott. Strict restrictions were imposed on these besieged people from the outside, and the Muslims were falling victim to hunger and poverty. Sometimes, it came to the point where they had to eat the leaves of trees, and all this oppression and persecution was inflicted by these very chiefs of Quraysh, who were proud of their numbers, thinking that they could fully take revenge on the Muslims for the "crime" of accepting Islam. This is alluded to in verse 44 of this Surah. And in verse 45, such a prophecy was made, which at that time seemed impossible even to imagine. But how can the plans of others succeed against the plan of Allah? Just seven years after the revelation of this Surah, circumstances changed so dramatically that the prophecy, which had seemed impossible, became a concrete reality in the Battle of Badr. This is also made clear by the following hadith.
This Prophecy Was Made When the Muslims Were Besieged in Sha‘b Abi Talib and Was Fulfilled on the Day of Badr:
Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas رضي الله عنهما narrates that on the day of Badr, the Prophet ﷺ was staying in a tent. He ﷺ supplicated thus: "O Allah! I beseech You by Your covenant and promise. O Allah! If You will, (You may destroy these few Muslims), then after today there will be none left to worship You." Then Sayyiduna Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه took hold of the Prophet’s ﷺ hand and said: "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, that is enough for you; you have pleaded with your Lord to the utmost." On that day, the Prophet ﷺ was walking about wearing armor. He came out of the tent reciting this verse: ﴿سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّوْنَ الدُّبُرَ﴾ [بخاري، كتاب التفسير]
The result of this battle was that those who sought revenge themselves became the victims of Allah’s retribution. Seventy of the prominent disbelievers were killed, and as many were captured while fleeing.
[31]
The Migration to Abyssinia:
It is surmised that this Surah was revealed about one and a half to two years after Surah An-Najm. In the order of revelation, Surah An-Najm is number 23 and this Surah is number 37. Surah An-Najm was revealed between Rajab 5 Nabawi and Shawwal 5 Nabawi. From this, it is understood that this Surah was revealed in 7 Nabawi. At that time, the situation was such that, compelled by the oppression and persecution of the disbelievers, 83 Muslim men and women had gone to Abyssinia. The rest were besieged in Sha‘b Abi Talib. They had been subjected to both social and economic boycott. Strict restrictions were imposed on these besieged people from the outside, and the Muslims were falling victim to hunger and poverty. Sometimes, it came to the point where they had to eat the leaves of trees, and all this oppression and persecution was inflicted by these very chiefs of Quraysh, who were proud of their numbers, thinking that they could fully take revenge on the Muslims for the "crime" of accepting Islam. This is alluded to in verse 44 of this Surah. And in verse 45, such a prophecy was made, which at that time seemed impossible even to imagine. But how can the plans of others succeed against the plan of Allah? Just seven years after the revelation of this Surah, circumstances changed so dramatically that the prophecy, which had seemed impossible, became a concrete reality in the Battle of Badr. This is also made clear by the following hadith.
This Prophecy Was Made When the Muslims Were Besieged in Sha‘b Abi Talib and Was Fulfilled on the Day of Badr:
Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Abbas رضي الله عنهما narrates that on the day of Badr, the Prophet ﷺ was staying in a tent. He ﷺ supplicated thus: "O Allah! I beseech You by Your covenant and promise. O Allah! If You will, (You may destroy these few Muslims), then after today there will be none left to worship You." Then Sayyiduna Abu Bakr رضي الله عنه took hold of the Prophet’s ﷺ hand and said: "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, that is enough for you; you have pleaded with your Lord to the utmost." On that day, the Prophet ﷺ was walking about wearing armor. He came out of the tent reciting this verse: ﴿سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّوْنَ الدُّبُرَ﴾ [بخاري، كتاب التفسير]
The result of this battle was that those who sought revenge themselves became the victims of Allah’s retribution. Seventy of the prominent disbelievers were killed, and as many were captured while fleeing.
