Surah At-Taghaabun (64) — Ayah 11

(Ayah 11) ➊ {مَاۤ اَصَابَ مِنْ مُّصِيْبَةٍ … :} For its details, see the commentary of Surah Hadid, verse (22).
➋ { اِلَّا بِاِذْنِ اللّٰهِ:} In the previous verses, there was mention of Allah’s oneness, the messengership of the prophets, and the Day of Judgment. In this verse, there is mention of faith in destiny, which instills courage in a person’s heart to endure hardships and be patient over them. In addition, this verse provides comfort for the believers and answers the objection of the disbelievers as to why believers face calamities. It is stated that whatever calamity befalls, it comes by Allah’s permission, which has already been decreed by Allah. This happens to both believers and disbelievers in this world, because without it, the purpose of trial and testing cannot be achieved. However, its effect and result are different for believers and disbelievers: the believer remains content with his Lord, as a result of which Allah grants his heart the light of guidance, the blessing of certainty and tranquility, and Paradise in the Hereafter. The disbeliever, on the other hand, becomes displeased with his Lord, as a result of which he remains constantly distressed and full of complaints in this world, and for him there is Hell in the Hereafter.
➌ That is, whatever calamity befalls, it comes by Allah’s command and according to His predetermined decision and decree.
➍ { وَ مَنْ يُّؤْمِنْۢ بِاللّٰهِ يَهْدِ قَلْبَهٗ:} That is, whoever is afflicted by a calamity and realizes that it is by Allah’s decision and decree, then he is patient over it, intends reward, and fully submits himself to Allah’s decision, then Allah guides his heart and grants him the ability to walk the straight path and true certainty in exchange for whatever he lost in this world, and sometimes He grants him the same or something better in place of what was taken from him. Similarly, in Surah Baqarah (155 to 157), those who are patient over calamity are called {’’ الْمُهْتَدُوْنَ ‘‘} (those who are guided).
Tabari has narrated with an authentic chain from Ali bin Abi Talhah regarding {’’ وَ مَنْ يُّؤْمِنْۢ بِاللّٰهِ يَهْدِ قَلْبَهٗ ‘‘} the saying of Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them): [يَعْنِيْ يَهْدِ قَلْبَهُ لِلْيَقِيْنِ فَيَعْلَمُ أَنَّ مَا أَصَابَهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيُخْطِه وَمَا أَخْطَأَهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيُصِيْبَهُ ] [ طبري : 12/23، ح : ۳۴۵۰۹ ] “That is (the meaning of the Ayah is that whoever believes in Allah), Allah grants his heart the guidance of certainty, and he realizes that the calamity that befell him could never have missed him, and what missed him could never have befallen him.” And A‘mash narrated from Abu Dhibyan that we were with Alqamah, and this verse was recited to him: «وَ مَنْ يُّؤْمِنْۢ بِاللّٰهِ يَهْدِ قَلْبَهٗ» and its meaning was asked, so he said: “It refers to the person who, when afflicted by a calamity, realizes that it is from Allah, becomes content with it, and accepts it.” (Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hatim with an authentic chain)
Suhaib (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: [عَجَبًا لِأَمْرِ الْمُؤْمِنِ إِنَّ أَمْرَهُ كُلَّهُ خَيْرٌ وَلَيْسَ ذَاكَ لِأَحَدٍ إِلَّا لِلْمُؤْمِنِ إِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ سَرَّاءُ شَكَرَ، فَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَهُ وَ إِنْ أَصَابَتْهُ ضَرَّاءُ صَبَرَ، فَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَهُ ] [ مسلم، الزہد والر قائق، باب المؤمن أمرہ کلہ خیر : ۲۹۹۹ ] “How wonderful is the affair of the believer, for his affair is all good, and this is for no one except the believer: if something good happens to him, he is grateful and that is good for him, and if something harmful befalls him, he is patient and that is good for him.”
➎ { وَ اللّٰهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيْمٌ:} That is, Allah has complete knowledge of everything; He knows well who believes in His decree and is patient and grateful, and who does not, and then He will reward or punish each accordingly.