سُوْرَةُ النِّسَآءِ
Surah An-Nisaa (4) — Ayah 33
وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَٰلِىَ مِمَّا تَرَكَ ٱلْوَٰلِدَانِ وَٱلْأَقْرَبُونَ ۚ وَٱلَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَـٰنُكُمْ فَـَٔاتُوهُمْ نَصِيبَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدًا ﴿33﴾
Translation by Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan & Dr. Taqi-ud-Din al-Hilali
And to everyone, We have appointed heirs of that (property) left by parents and relatives. To those also with whom you have made a pledge (brotherhood), give them their due portion (by Wasiyyah - will). Truly, Allâh is Ever a Witness over all things.
Word by Word — Arabic, Transliteration & Meaning
وَلِكُلٍّۢ
walikullin
And for all
جَعَلْنَا
jaʿalnā
We (have) made
مَوَٰلِىَ
mawāliya
heirs
مِمَّا
mimmā
of what
تَرَكَ
taraka
(is) left
ٱلْوَٰلِدَانِ
l-wālidāni
(by) the parents
وَٱلْأَقْرَبُونَ ۚ
wal-aqrabūna
and the relatives
وَٱلَّذِينَ
wa-alladhīna
And those whom
عَقَدَتْ
ʿaqadat
pledged
أَيْمَـٰنُكُمْ
aymānukum
your right hands
فَـَٔاتُوهُمْ
faātūhum
then give them
نَصِيبَهُمْ ۚ
naṣībahum
their share
إِنَّ
inna
Indeed
ٱللَّهَ
l-laha
Allah
كَانَ
kāna
is
عَلَىٰ
ʿalā
over
كُلِّ
kulli
every
شَىْءٍۢ
shayin
thing
شَهِيدًا
shahīdan
a Witness
Tafsir al-Quran al-Karim — Hafiz Abdus Salam Bin Muhammad Bhutvi
Tafsir al-Quran al-Karim is a 4-volume Quran commentary by Hafiz Abdus Salam bin Muhammad Bhutvi, a renowned Salafi (Ahl al-Hadith) scholar and Sheikh ul-Hadith from Pakistan. Based on over 45 years of teaching and research, this tafsir follows the methodology of Tafsir bil-Ma'thur — interpreting the Quran through authentic Hadith, statements of the Companions, and the understanding of the early generations (Salaf). It is distinguished by its complete avoidance of Israeliyyat (Judeo-Christian narratives) and unverified reports. The tafsir is originally written in Urdu, translated to English by tohed.com.
(Ayah 33) {وَ لِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِيَ … :} In the first part of this noble verse, Allah Almighty has informed that whether it is a man or a woman, each has heirs and relatives who become their heirs after their death. The meaning of the second part of the verse «{وَ الَّذِيْنَ عَقَدَتْ اَيْمَانُكُمْ فَاٰتُوْهُمْ نَصِيْبَهُمْ}» is that whatever oath or agreement you have made with someone, give them their share. Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) states that this refers to the time when the Muhajirun came to Madinah and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) established brotherhood between the Muhajirun and the Ansar. The heir of an Ansari, instead of being his relatives, would be a Muhajir. Then when this verse was revealed: « {وَ لِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِيَ} » that (inheritance established between the Muhajirun and Ansar) was abrogated. Then it was said: by «{وَ الَّذِيْنَ عَقَدَتْ اَيْمَانُكُمْ}» it is meant that in the form of help, support, and advice, give them their share, because their connection with inheritance has ended. However, a bequest can be made for them. [بخاری، التفسیر، باب : « ولکل جعلنا موالی …» : ۴۵۸۰ ] Also see the last verse of Surah Al-Anfal.
Maulana Muhammad Abduh (may Allah have mercy on him) writes that in the verse, {’’ مَوَالِيَ ‘‘} refers to 'Asabah' (male agnate relatives), and in the inheritance of 'Asabah', the principle of { ”اَلْأَقْرَبُ فَالْأَقْرَبُ“ } is established, that is, first the closest, then the next, and in a hadith also the words of [ فَلِأَوْلٰي رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ ] are mentioned, meaning that whatever remains after the people of fixed shares (Ashab al-Furud) will go to the one among the 'Asabah' who is the closest male relative of the deceased, and there is consensus of the scholars on this. [ دیکھیے فتح الباری : 294/6۔ المحلٰی : 271/9۔ أحکام القرآن للجصاص : 224/2 ]
Maulana Muhammad Abduh (may Allah have mercy on him) writes that in the verse, {’’ مَوَالِيَ ‘‘} refers to 'Asabah' (male agnate relatives), and in the inheritance of 'Asabah', the principle of { ”اَلْأَقْرَبُ فَالْأَقْرَبُ“ } is established, that is, first the closest, then the next, and in a hadith also the words of [ فَلِأَوْلٰي رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ ] are mentioned, meaning that whatever remains after the people of fixed shares (Ashab al-Furud) will go to the one among the 'Asabah' who is the closest male relative of the deceased, and there is consensus of the scholars on this. [ دیکھیے فتح الباری : 294/6۔ المحلٰی : 271/9۔ أحکام القرآن للجصاص : 224/2 ]
