Surah Ar-Ra'd (13) — Ayah 30

(Ayah30) ➊ {كَذٰلِكَ اَرْسَلْنٰكَ فِيْۤ اُمَّةٍ:} The ummah is of two types: one is those people to whom a messenger is sent, whether they are Muslims or disbelievers, just as every Muslim and disbeliever of the people of Thamud was from the ummah of Salih (peace be upon him), and every individual of ‘Ad was from the ummah of Hud (peace be upon him). After the coming of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), every Muslim and disbeliever, Jew, Christian, Hindu, and atheist, in short, every person until the Day of Judgment is from his (peace and blessings be upon him) ummah; this is called the Ummah of Da‘wah. Then those who accept the call of the Messenger are called the Ummah of Ijabah. In this verse, the Ummah of Da‘wah is meant.
➋ { قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهَاۤ اُمَمٌ :} That is, neither are you the first messenger nor is your Ummah of Da‘wah the first ummah. The purpose of this is to warn his ummah of the evil end of the previous denying ummahs.
➌ { لِتَتْلُوَاۡ عَلَيْهِمُ الَّذِيْۤ اَوْحَيْنَاۤ اِلَيْكَ :} That is, the purpose of sending you is that you recite to them those verses and commands which We have revealed to you. By {’’ عَلَيْهِمُ ‘‘ }, the foremost are meant the Quraysh of Makkah, and then after them, all people who will come until the Day of Judgment, as He said: «{ هُوَ الَّذِيْ بَعَثَ فِي الْاُمِّيّٖنَ رَسُوْلًا مِّنْهُمْ يَتْلُوْا عَلَيْهِمْ اٰيٰتِهٖ وَ يُزَكِّيْهِمْ وَ يُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْكِتٰبَ وَ الْحِكْمَةَ وَ اِنْ كَانُوْا مِنْ قَبْلُ لَفِيْ ضَلٰلٍ مُّبِيْنٍ (2) وَ اٰخَرِيْنَ مِنْهُمْ لَمَّا يَلْحَقُوْا بِهِمْ وَ هُوَ الْعَزِيْزُ الْحَكِيْمُ}» [ الجمعۃ : ۲، ۳ ] “He it is Who has sent among the unlettered ones a Messenger from among themselves, who recites to them His verses and purifies them and teaches them the Book and wisdom, although they were surely in clear error before. And (He has sent him) among others of them who have not yet joined them; and He is the Mighty, the Wise.” “Those who have not yet joined them” refers to people until the Day of Judgment.
➍ { وَ هُمْ يَكْفُرُوْنَ بِالرَّحْمٰنِ:} That is, Allah, out of His mercy, favored these people by sending you as a Messenger to them, but their ingratitude is such that they have denied recognizing His right. The disbelievers of Makkah acknowledged Allah as the Creator, but they denied Him being “Ar-Rahman.” In fact, when they were invited to call upon Allah as “Ar-Rahman” and to address Him by this name, they were annoyed and said: «{ وَ مَا الرَّحْمٰنُ اَنَسْجُدُ لِمَا تَاْمُرُنَا وَ زَادَهُمْ نُفُوْرًا }» [ الفرقان : ۶۰ ] “What is Ar-Rahman? Should we prostrate to what you command us?” And this only increased them in aversion. Also, when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) wanted to have {’’بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِ‘‘} written on the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, the representative of the disbelievers, Suhail bin Amr, said: “By Allah! I do not know who Ar-Rahman is. Write {’’بِاسْمِكَ اللّٰهُمَّ‘‘}.” [ بخاری، الشروط، باب الشروط في الجہاد … : ۲۷۳۱، ۲۷۳۲ ] {’’ الرَّحْمٰنُ ‘‘} is among the Most Beautiful Names of Allah and is the most honored name after the name Allah. It is narrated from Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: [ إِنَّ أَحَبَّ أَسْمَائِكُمْ إِلَی اللّٰهِ عَبْدُ اللّٰهِ وَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمٰنِ ] [ مسلم، الآداب، باب النھي عن التکني بأبی القاسم… : ۲۱۳۲ ] “The dearest names to Allah are ‘Abdullah and ‘Abdur-Rahman.”