سُوْرَةُ الْحَشْرِ
Surah Al-Hashr (59) — Ayah 2
هُوَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَخْرَجَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ مِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ مِن دِيَـٰرِهِمْ لِأَوَّلِ ٱلْحَشْرِ ۚ مَا ظَنَنتُمْ أَن يَخْرُجُوا۟ ۖ وَظَنُّوٓا۟ أَنَّهُم مَّانِعَتُهُمْ حُصُونُهُم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ فَأَتَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَمْ يَحْتَسِبُوا۟ ۖ وَقَذَفَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمُ ٱلرُّعْبَ ۚ يُخْرِبُونَ بُيُوتَهُم بِأَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَيْدِى ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَٱعْتَبِرُوا۟ يَـٰٓأُو۟لِى ٱلْأَبْصَـٰرِ ﴿2﴾
Translation by Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan & Dr. Taqi-ud-Din al-Hilali
He it is Who drove out the disbelievers among the people of the Scripture (i.e. the Jews of the tribe of Banû An-Nadîr) from their homes at the first gathering. You did not think that they would get out. And they thought that their fortresses would defend them from Allâh! But Allâh’s (Torment) reached them from a place whereof they expected it not, and He cast terror into their hearts so that they destroyed their own dwellings with their own hands and the hands of the believers. Then take admonition, O you with eyes (to see).
Word by Word — Arabic, Transliteration & Meaning
هُوَ
huwa
He
ٱلَّذِىٓ
alladhī
(is) the One Who
أَخْرَجَ
akhraja
expelled
ٱلَّذِينَ
alladhīna
those who
كَفَرُوا۟
kafarū
disbelieved
مِنْ
min
from
أَهْلِ
ahli
(the) People
ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ
l-kitābi
(of) the Scripture
مِن
min
from
دِيَـٰرِهِمْ
diyārihim
their homes
لِأَوَّلِ
li-awwali
at (the) first
ٱلْحَشْرِ ۚ
l-ḥashri
gathering
مَا
mā
Not
ظَنَنتُمْ
ẓanantum
you think
أَن
an
that
يَخْرُجُوا۟ ۖ
yakhrujū
they would leave
وَظَنُّوٓا۟
waẓannū
and they thought
أَنَّهُم
annahum
that [they]
مَّانِعَتُهُمْ
māniʿatuhum
would defend them
حُصُونُهُم
ḥuṣūnuhum
their fortresses
مِّنَ
mina
against
ٱللَّهِ
l-lahi
Allah
فَأَتَىٰهُمُ
fa-atāhumu
But came to them
ٱللَّهُ
l-lahu
Allah
مِنْ
min
from
حَيْثُ
ḥaythu
where
لَمْ
lam
not
يَحْتَسِبُوا۟ ۖ
yaḥtasibū
they expected
وَقَذَفَ
waqadhafa
and He cast
فِى
fī
into
قُلُوبِهِمُ
qulūbihimu
their hearts
ٱلرُّعْبَ ۚ
l-ruʿ'ba
[the] terror
يُخْرِبُونَ
yukh'ribūna
they destroyed
بُيُوتَهُم
buyūtahum
their houses
بِأَيْدِيهِمْ
bi-aydīhim
with their hands
وَأَيْدِى
wa-aydī
and the hands
ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
l-mu'minīna
(of) the believers
فَٱعْتَبِرُوا۟
fa-iʿ'tabirū
So take a lesson
يَـٰٓأُو۟لِى
yāulī
O those endowed
ٱلْأَبْصَـٰرِ
l-abṣāri
(with) insight
Tafsir Ahsan al-Bayan — Hafiz Salahuddin Yusuf
Tafsir Ahsan al-Bayan is a well-known Quran commentary by Hafiz Salahuddin Yusuf, a renowned Salafi (Ahl al-Hadith) scholar from Pakistan. This tafsir explains the meanings of the Quran in accordance with the methodology of the Salaf (early righteous generations), relying on authentic sources and straightforward language. Due to its reliability and adherence to sound Islamic scholarship, the Saudi government publishes and distributes this tafsir among the Hujjaj (pilgrims) visiting the Haramain. The tafsir is originally written in Urdu, translated to English by tohed.com.
2. 1 Around Madinah, there were three Jewish tribes settled: Banu Nadir, Banu Qurayzah, and Banu Qaynuqa. After the migration to Madinah, the Prophet made a treaty with them, but these people continued to conspire secretly and maintained contact with the disbelievers of Makkah against the Muslims. To the extent that on one occasion, when he had gone to them, Banu Nadir plotted to kill the Messenger of Allah by throwing a stone from above, about which he was informed in time through revelation, and he returned from there. Due to this breach of covenant, the Messenger of Allah launched a military campaign against them. They remained besieged in their forts for a few days, and eventually, in exchange for sparing their lives, they expressed willingness for exile, which the Messenger of Allah accepted. From there, they went and settled in Khaybar. Later, during the era of Umar, they were exiled again and pushed towards Syria, where it is said that the final gathering of all mankind will take place.
2. 2 For this reason, they had built very strong forts, of which they were proud, and even the Muslims thought that these forts could not be conquered so easily.
2. 3 And that was when the Messenger of Allah besieged them, which was not even in their imagination.
2. 4 It was due to this awe that they agreed to exile; otherwise, Abdullah bin Ubayy, the chief of the hypocrites, and other people had sent them messages that they should not submit to the Muslims, and that they were with them. In addition, Allah had granted the Prophet ﷺ this special quality that the enemy would be overawed by him from a month's distance. Therefore, intense terror and panic overcame them, and despite all their resources and means, they surrendered and only made the Muslims agree to the condition that they be allowed to take whatever belongings they could carry. Thus, because of this permission, they even uprooted the doors and beams of their houses to take them along.
2. 5 That is, when they became certain that exile was now inevitable, they began to destroy their houses from within during the siege so that they would not be of use to the Muslims. Or it means that, in order to take full advantage of the permission to carry their belongings, they dismantled their houses and loaded whatever they could onto their camels.
2. 6 From outside, the Muslims continued to destroy their houses so that it would be easier to seize them, or it means that, in order to extract and obtain the remaining belongings from their dismantled houses, the Muslims had to carry out further demolition.
2. 7 That is, how Allah cast awe of the Muslims into their hearts, even though they were a very powerful and resourceful tribe. But when the period of respite granted by Allah came to an end and Allah decided to tighten the grip of His reckoning, then neither their own strength and resources benefited them, nor could their supporters and helpers do anything for them.
2. 2 For this reason, they had built very strong forts, of which they were proud, and even the Muslims thought that these forts could not be conquered so easily.
2. 3 And that was when the Messenger of Allah besieged them, which was not even in their imagination.
2. 4 It was due to this awe that they agreed to exile; otherwise, Abdullah bin Ubayy, the chief of the hypocrites, and other people had sent them messages that they should not submit to the Muslims, and that they were with them. In addition, Allah had granted the Prophet ﷺ this special quality that the enemy would be overawed by him from a month's distance. Therefore, intense terror and panic overcame them, and despite all their resources and means, they surrendered and only made the Muslims agree to the condition that they be allowed to take whatever belongings they could carry. Thus, because of this permission, they even uprooted the doors and beams of their houses to take them along.
2. 5 That is, when they became certain that exile was now inevitable, they began to destroy their houses from within during the siege so that they would not be of use to the Muslims. Or it means that, in order to take full advantage of the permission to carry their belongings, they dismantled their houses and loaded whatever they could onto their camels.
2. 6 From outside, the Muslims continued to destroy their houses so that it would be easier to seize them, or it means that, in order to extract and obtain the remaining belongings from their dismantled houses, the Muslims had to carry out further demolition.
2. 7 That is, how Allah cast awe of the Muslims into their hearts, even though they were a very powerful and resourceful tribe. But when the period of respite granted by Allah came to an end and Allah decided to tighten the grip of His reckoning, then neither their own strength and resources benefited them, nor could their supporters and helpers do anything for them.
