سُوْرَةُ البَقَرَةِ
Surah Al-Baqara (2) — Ayah 191
وَٱقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ وَأَخْرِجُوهُم مِّنْ حَيْثُ أَخْرَجُوكُمْ ۚ وَٱلْفِتْنَةُ أَشَدُّ مِنَ ٱلْقَتْلِ ۚ وَلَا تُقَـٰتِلُوهُمْ عِندَ ٱلْمَسْجِدِ ٱلْحَرَامِ حَتَّىٰ يُقَـٰتِلُوكُمْ فِيهِ ۖ فَإِن قَـٰتَلُوكُمْ فَٱقْتُلُوهُمْ ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ جَزَآءُ ٱلْكَـٰفِرِينَ ﴿191﴾
Translation by Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan & Dr. Taqi-ud-Din al-Hilali
And kill them wherever you find them, and turn them out from where they have turned you out. And Al-Fitnah is worse than killing. And fight not with them at Al-Masjid-Al-Harâm (the sanctuary at Makkah), unless they (first) fight you there. But if they attack you, then kill them. Such is the recompense of the disbelievers.
Word by Word — Arabic, Transliteration & Meaning
وَٱقْتُلُوهُمْ
wa-uq'tulūhum
And kill them
حَيْثُ
ḥaythu
wherever
ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ
thaqif'tumūhum
you find them
وَأَخْرِجُوهُم
wa-akhrijūhum
and drive them out
مِّنْ
min
from
حَيْثُ
ḥaythu
wherever
أَخْرَجُوكُمْ ۚ
akhrajūkum
they drove you out
وَٱلْفِتْنَةُ
wal-fit'natu
and [the] oppression
أَشَدُّ
ashaddu
(is) worse
مِنَ
mina
than
ٱلْقَتْلِ ۚ
l-qatli
[the] killing
وَلَا
walā
And (do) not
تُقَـٰتِلُوهُمْ
tuqātilūhum
fight them
عِندَ
ʿinda
near
ٱلْمَسْجِدِ
l-masjidi
Al-Masjid
ٱلْحَرَامِ
l-ḥarāmi
Al-Haraam
حَتَّىٰ
ḥattā
until
يُقَـٰتِلُوكُمْ
yuqātilūkum
they fight you
فِيهِ ۖ
fīhi
in it
فَإِن
fa-in
Then if
قَـٰتَلُوكُمْ
qātalūkum
they fight you
فَٱقْتُلُوهُمْ ۗ
fa-uq'tulūhum
then kill them
كَذَٰلِكَ
kadhālika
Such
جَزَآءُ
jazāu
(is the) reward
ٱلْكَـٰفِرِينَ
l-kāfirīna
(of) the disbelievers
Tafsir Ahsan al-Bayan — Hafiz Salahuddin Yusuf
Tafsir Ahsan al-Bayan is a well-known Quran commentary by Hafiz Salahuddin Yusuf, a renowned Salafi (Ahl al-Hadith) scholar from Pakistan. This tafsir explains the meanings of the Quran in accordance with the methodology of the Salaf (early righteous generations), relying on authentic sources and straightforward language. Due to its reliability and adherence to sound Islamic scholarship, the Saudi government publishes and distributes this tafsir among the Hujjaj (pilgrims) visiting the Haramain. The tafsir is originally written in Urdu, translated to English by tohed.com.
191. 1. In Makkah, since the Muslims were weak and scattered, fighting against the disbelievers was prohibited. After migration, all the strength of the Muslims was gathered in Madinah, so then they were permitted to engage in jihad. In the beginning, you would only fight those who initiated fighting against the Muslims; after that, this was further expanded and, as needed, Muslims also went to the territories of the disbelievers to wage jihad. The Noble Quran has (اَعْندَا) forbidden transgression, therefore the Noble Prophet ﷺ would instruct his army not to commit betrayal, breach of trust, or mutilation, nor to kill children, women, or those engaged in worship in churches. Similarly, he forbade burning trees and killing animals without any necessity (Ibn Kathir). Just as the disbelievers expelled you from Makkah, in the same way, you should also expel them from Makkah. Thus, after the conquest of Makkah, those who did not become Muslim were ordered to leave after the end of the treaty period. By "fitnah" is meant disbelief and polytheism; this is even more severe than killing, so one should not refrain from jihad to eliminate it.
191. 2. Fighting is prohibited within the boundaries of the Haram, but if the disbelievers do not respect its sanctity and fight you, then you are also permitted to fight them.
191. 2. Fighting is prohibited within the boundaries of the Haram, but if the disbelievers do not respect its sanctity and fight you, then you are also permitted to fight them.
