سُوْرَةُ يُوْنُسَ
Surah Yunus (10) — Ayah 5
هُوَ ٱلَّذِى جَعَلَ ٱلشَّمْسَ ضِيَآءً وَٱلْقَمَرَ نُورًا وَقَدَّرَهُۥ مَنَازِلَ لِتَعْلَمُوا۟ عَدَدَ ٱلسِّنِينَ وَٱلْحِسَابَ ۚ مَا خَلَقَ ٱللَّهُ ذَٰلِكَ إِلَّا بِٱلْحَقِّ ۚ يُفَصِّلُ ٱلْـَٔايَـٰتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ ﴿5﴾
Translation by Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan & Dr. Taqi-ud-Din al-Hilali
It is He Who made the sun a shining thing and the moon as a light and measured out for it stages that you might know the number of years and the reckoning. Allâh did not create this but in truth. He explains the Ayât (proofs, evidence, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) in detail for people who have knowledge.
Word by Word — Arabic, Transliteration & Meaning
هُوَ
huwa
He
ٱلَّذِى
alladhī
(is) the One Who
جَعَلَ
jaʿala
made
ٱلشَّمْسَ
l-shamsa
the sun
ضِيَآءًۭ
ḍiyāan
a shining light
وَٱلْقَمَرَ
wal-qamara
and the moon
نُورًۭا
nūran
a reflected light
وَقَدَّرَهُۥ
waqaddarahu
and determined for it
مَنَازِلَ
manāzila
phases
لِتَعْلَمُوا۟
litaʿlamū
that you may know
عَدَدَ
ʿadada
(the) number
ٱلسِّنِينَ
l-sinīna
(of) the years
وَٱلْحِسَابَ ۚ
wal-ḥisāba
and the count (of time)
مَا
mā
Not
خَلَقَ
khalaqa
created
ٱللَّهُ
l-lahu
Allah
ذَٰلِكَ
dhālika
that
إِلَّا
illā
except
بِٱلْحَقِّ ۚ
bil-ḥaqi
in truth
يُفَصِّلُ
yufaṣṣilu
He explains
ٱلْـَٔايَـٰتِ
l-āyāti
the Signs
لِقَوْمٍۢ
liqawmin
for a people
يَعْلَمُونَ
yaʿlamūna
(who) know
Tafsir Ahsan al-Bayan — Hafiz Salahuddin Yusuf
Tafsir Ahsan al-Bayan is a well-known Quran commentary by Hafiz Salahuddin Yusuf, a renowned Salafi (Ahl al-Hadith) scholar from Pakistan. This tafsir explains the meanings of the Quran in accordance with the methodology of the Salaf (early righteous generations), relying on authentic sources and straightforward language. Due to its reliability and adherence to sound Islamic scholarship, the Saudi government publishes and distributes this tafsir among the Hujjaj (pilgrims) visiting the Haramain. The tafsir is originally written in Urdu, translated to English by tohed.com.
5. 1 Ḍiyā’ is synonymous with ḍaw’. The annexed word here is omitted: dhāt ḍiyā’ wa-l-qamar dhā nūr, He made the sun radiant and the moon luminous. Or, it can be taken as hyperbole, as if they themselves are ḍiyā’ and nūr. After mentioning the creation of the heavens and the earth and their management, as an example, some other things are being mentioned which are related to the management of the universe, in which the sun and the moon hold fundamental importance. Every conscious person is aware of how indispensable the sun’s heat, warmth, and its light are. Similarly, the pleasure and benefits of the moon’s luminosity are also self-evident. The sages believe that the sun’s light is intrinsic, and the moon’s luminosity is derived from the sun’s light (Fatḥ al-Qadīr).
5. 2 That is, We have fixed the stages of the moon’s course. By these stages is meant the distance it covers in one night and one day with its specific movement or course; these are 28 stages. Each night it reaches one stage, in which there is never any error. In the first stage, it appears small and thin, then gradually becomes larger until on the fourteenth night or the fourteenth stage it becomes complete (full moon). After that, it starts shrinking and thinning again until, in the end, it remains hidden for one or two nights. Then it rises again as a crescent. The benefit of this is stated: so that you may know the count of years and calculation. That is, from these stages and the movement of the moon, months and years are formed, which make it easy for you to calculate everything. That is, a year is of 12 months, a month is of 29 or 30 days, a day is of 24 hours, i.e., night and day. In the days of equinox, there are 12 hours each, and in winter and summer, they are more or less. Besides, not only worldly benefits and businesses are linked to these lunar stages, but religious benefits are also obtained. From this rising of the crescent, the determination of Hajj, fasting in Ramadan, the sacred months, and other acts of worship is made, which a believer observes.
5. 2 That is, We have fixed the stages of the moon’s course. By these stages is meant the distance it covers in one night and one day with its specific movement or course; these are 28 stages. Each night it reaches one stage, in which there is never any error. In the first stage, it appears small and thin, then gradually becomes larger until on the fourteenth night or the fourteenth stage it becomes complete (full moon). After that, it starts shrinking and thinning again until, in the end, it remains hidden for one or two nights. Then it rises again as a crescent. The benefit of this is stated: so that you may know the count of years and calculation. That is, from these stages and the movement of the moon, months and years are formed, which make it easy for you to calculate everything. That is, a year is of 12 months, a month is of 29 or 30 days, a day is of 24 hours, i.e., night and day. In the days of equinox, there are 12 hours each, and in winter and summer, they are more or less. Besides, not only worldly benefits and businesses are linked to these lunar stages, but religious benefits are also obtained. From this rising of the crescent, the determination of Hajj, fasting in Ramadan, the sacred months, and other acts of worship is made, which a believer observes.
