Surah Al-Maaida (5) — Ayah 58

(Ayah 58) ➊ The meaning of {وَ اِذَا نَادَيْتُمْ اِلَى الصَّلٰوةِ: ’’ نَادَيْتُمْ ‘‘} is when you call out, and by this is meant the call to prayer, i.e., the adhan. That is, they imitate it, mockingly change its words, and make fun of it, causing noise and commotion. (Ibn Kathir, Fath al-Qadeer) Even Satan cannot bear the sound of the adhan. In the hadith it is stated: "When Satan hears the sound of the adhan, he flees while passing wind (so that the adhan does not reach his ears), then he returns. At the time of iqamah, he again turns his back and leaves. When the takbir ends, he comes back, until he comes between a man and his heart, saying, 'Remember such-and-such, remember such-and-such,' things he had not remembered before, until the man does not know how much he has prayed." [ بخاری، الأذان، باب فضل التأذین : ۶۰۸ ]
➋ The mention of calling out for prayer appears in two places in the Noble Qur'an: once in this verse and once in Surah Jumu'ah. This very call is called adhan, but nowhere in the entire Qur'an is the method of adhan described, nor its words, nor its timings. How this call should be made, for this, guidance must be taken from the hadith of the Messenger. It is clear that acting upon the Qur'an without hadith is not possible at all. «اَطِيْعُوا اللّٰهَ وَ اَطِيْعُوا الرَّسُوْلَ » [ النساء : ۵۹] and «اِنْ كُنْتُمْ تُحِبُّوْنَ اللّٰهَ فَاتَّبِعُوْنِيْ » [ آل عمران : ۳۱ ] state that acting upon the hadith along with the Qur'an is also obligatory, which is why the scholars have issued a verdict of disbelief against the deniers of hadith.
➌ {ذٰلِكَ بِاَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَّا يَعْقِلُوْنَ:} means that if they had any sense at all, upon hearing the sound of the adhan their hearts would soften, they would turn towards the truth, or at the very least, despite having religious differences with the Muslims, they would not engage in such lowly acts.

58. 1. It is mentioned in a hadith that when Satan hears the sound of the adhan, he flees while passing wind; when the adhan ends, he returns; at the time of iqamah, he again turns his back and leaves; when the iqamah ends, he comes back and creates whispers in the hearts of those praying. Just like Satan, the followers of Satan do not like the sound of the adhan, which is why they mock it. From this verse, it is also understood that the hadith of the Messenger is also a source of the religion and is likewise a proof. Because the Qur'an has mentioned the 'call' for prayer, but how this 'call' should be made? What should its words be? This is not mentioned anywhere in the Noble Qur'an. These things are established from the hadith, which is evidence of its being a proof and a source of religion. The meaning of the hadith being a proof: The meaning of the hadith being a source of religion and a legal proof is that just as it is necessary to act upon the commands and obligations established from the Qur'an and their denial is disbelief, in the same way, it is obligatory to accept the commands established from the hadith of the Messenger ﷺ, it is necessary to act upon them, and their denial is disbelief. An authentic hadith, whether it is mutawatir or ahad, whether it is verbal, practical, or tacit approval—all are actionable. It is not correct to reject a hadith on the basis of it being khabar wahid, or on the basis of it being in addition to the Qur'an, or on the basis of the analogy and ijtihad of the imams, or on the claim of the narrator's lack of understanding, or on the basis of rational impossibility, or on the basis of other such claims. All these are different forms of turning away from the hadith.

58. When you call to prayer, they make it a mockery [100] and a game. That is because they are a people who do not understand.

[100]
Those Who Mocked the Adhan and Abu Mahdhurah:

The Adhan is one of the symbols of the Muslims, in which it is proclaimed that there is no deity except Allah and Muhammad ﷺ is the Messenger of Allah. And in reality, this very proclamation was a sore point for all disbelievers, whether they were polytheists, Jews, or Christians. The polytheists did not accept that Allah is the only deity, nor were they willing to accept you ﷺ as the Messenger of Allah. Similarly, the Jews and Christians were not ready to consider you ﷺ a true Prophet, and these very words were, in fact, the cause of dispute and reason for war between them and the Muslims. Then, when these words were proclaimed loudly five times a day, they would become enraged and would mock Allah, His Messenger, and all the Muslims, and would make sarcastic remarks. In some narrations, it is mentioned that there was a Christian in Madinah. When he would hear the words "Ashhadu anna Muhammadur Rasulullah," he would say: «قد حرق الكاذب» (i.e., "The liar has been burnt and destroyed"). These words of curse were, in fact, an expression of the burning in his heart. Now, it so happened that one night a girl brought fire into his house. He and his family were sleeping. Unintentionally, a spark of fire fell from her hand, which caused the whole house and its inhabitants to burn. In this way, Allah made his curse come true against himself. His statement became true, and the one who was false was indeed burnt. Also, another incident is narrated in authentic traditions, and that is, after the conquest of Makkah, when you ﷺ were returning from Hunayn, on the way, Sayyiduna Bilal ؓ gave the Adhan. Some young men mocked the words of the Adhan and began to imitate it. Among these youths was Abu Mahdhurah. You ﷺ called them to you and invited them to Islam. Allah placed Islam in the heart of Abu Mahdhurah. He had a beautiful voice, so you ﷺ appointed him as the Mu'adhdhin of Makkah. In this way, by the power of Allah, the imitation became the original.
[مسلم، ترمذی، نسائی، احمد، ابو داؤد بحوالہ سبل السلام۔ کتاب الصلٰوۃ۔ باب الاذان عن ابی محذورۃ]