سُوْرَةُ المَآئِدَةِ

Surah Al-Maaida (5) — Ayah 40

The Table · Medinan · Juz 6 · Page 114

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أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَهُۥ مُلْكُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ يُعَذِّبُ مَن يَشَآءُ وَيَغْفِرُ لِمَن يَشَآءُ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ﴿40﴾

Translation by Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan & Dr. Taqi-ud-Din al-Hilali

Know you not that to Allâh (Alone) belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth! He punishes whom He wills and He forgives whom He wills. And Allâh is Able to do all things.

Word by Word — Arabic, Transliteration & Meaning

أَلَمْ alam Do not
تَعْلَمْ taʿlam you know
أَنَّ anna that
ٱللَّهَ l-laha Allah
لَهُۥ lahu to Him (belongs)
مُلْكُ mul'ku (the) dominion
ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ l-samāwāti (of) the heavens
وَٱلْأَرْضِ wal-arḍi and the earth
يُعَذِّبُ yuʿadhibu He punishes
مَن man whom
يَشَآءُ yashāu He wills
وَيَغْفِرُ wayaghfiru and He forgives
لِمَن liman [to] whom
يَشَآءُ ۗ yashāu He wills
وَٱللَّهُ wal-lahu And Allah
عَلَىٰ ʿalā (is) on
كُلِّ kulli every
شَىْءٍۢ shayin thing
قَدِيرٌۭ qadīrun All-Powerful

Tafsir al-Quran al-Karim — Hafiz Abdus Salam Bin Muhammad Bhutvi

Tafsir al-Quran al-Karim is a 4-volume Quran commentary by Hafiz Abdus Salam bin Muhammad Bhutvi, a renowned Salafi (Ahl al-Hadith) scholar and Sheikh ul-Hadith from Pakistan. Based on over 45 years of teaching and research, this tafsir follows the methodology of Tafsir bil-Ma'thur — interpreting the Quran through authentic Hadith, statements of the Companions, and the understanding of the early generations (Salaf). It is distinguished by its complete avoidance of Israeliyyat (Judeo-Christian narratives) and unverified reports. The tafsir is originally written in Urdu, translated to English by tohed.com.

(Ayah 40) {اَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ اَنَّ اللّٰهَ لَهٗ مُلْكُ السَّمٰوٰتِ وَ الْاَرْضِ …… :} This was stated so that no one would be surprised that a thief was given a severe punishment for a minor offense. (Muwaddih) The address of this verse is to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), but the intent is all people, or it is an address to every individual. (Fath al-Bayan) That is, no one can receive leniency from Allah; whoever commits a crime will be punished. In this matter, no one of higher status is given preference over one of lower status, or it means that Allah has full authority to prescribe whatever punishment He wills for any crime; He has complete authority over His creation. (Qurtubi) An atheist poet, Abu al-Ala al-Ma'arri, objected to this command of Allah, saying: "Look, a hand whose blood money was fifty camels was cut off for the paltry value of a quarter dinar; this is a strange contradiction." Then, to escape arrest for objecting to the Qur'an, he fled. Thus, many scholars wrote responses to him. Qadi Abdul Wahhab said: {’’لَمَّا كَانَتْ اَمِيْنَةً كَانَتْ ثَمِيْنَةً فَلَمَّا خَانَتْ هَانَتْ‘‘} "As long as the hand was trustworthy, it was valuable; when it committed treachery, it became worthless." (Ibn Kathir) One purpose of punishments is also to prevent sins. To deter the crime of cutting off a hand, it was necessary to set a high blood money for the hand, so that people would refrain from cutting someone's hand. And to prevent theft, it was necessary to set a low threshold for cutting the hand, so that people would refrain from stealing.

Tafsir Ahsan al-Bayan — Hafiz Salahuddin Yusuf

Tafsir Ahsan al-Bayan is a well-known Quran commentary by Hafiz Salahuddin Yusuf, a renowned Salafi (Ahl al-Hadith) scholar from Pakistan. This tafsir explains the meanings of the Quran in accordance with the methodology of the Salaf (early righteous generations), relying on authentic sources and straightforward language. Due to its reliability and adherence to sound Islamic scholarship, the Saudi government publishes and distributes this tafsir among the Hujjaj (pilgrims) visiting the Haramain. The tafsir is originally written in Urdu, translated to English by tohed.com.

The exegesis of this verse has been done along with the previous verse.

Tafsir Taiseer ul-Quran — Maulana Abdul Rahman Kilani

Tafsir Taiseer ul-Quran (Facilitation of the Quran) is a comprehensive Quran commentary by Maulana Abdul Rahman Kilani, a renowned Salafi (Ahl al-Hadith) scholar from Pakistan. Known for his eloquent and accessible writing style, Kilani authored this tafsir with a focus on clarity — making Quranic meanings understandable to the common reader. The tafsir provides detailed historical context for verses related to battles and expeditions, and firmly refutes modernist ideologies using strong scriptural evidence. It is widely regarded as an invaluable resource for understanding the Quran and countering deviant interpretations. The tafsir is originally written in Urdu, translated to English by tohed.com.

The tafsir of this ayah is included with the following verse(s).
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