Which things are within the Qadr of Allah?

Everything that will occur is already decreed by Allah

Mankind has a real will and choice
Human will operates under Allah’s will
People are accountable because they choose their actions

This is the balanced belief between the extremes of al-Jabriyyah and al-Qadariyyah.

Allah Created and Decreed All Things

Allah says:

إِنَّا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنَاهُ بِقَدَرٍ

Translation:
"Indeed, We have created everything with Qadr."


All Deeds Are Written Before Creation

The Prophet ﷺ said:

إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَتَبَ مَقَادِيرَ الْخَلَائِقِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ بِخَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ

Translation:
"Allah wrote the decrees of creation fifty thousand years before He created the heavens and the earth."


Paradise and Hell Are Already Known to Allah

The Prophet ﷺ said:

إِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ يُجْمَعُ خَلْقُهُ... فَيُكْتَبُ رِزْقُهُ وَأَجَلُهُ وَعَمَلُهُ وَشَقِيٌّ أَوْ سَعِيدٌ

Translation:
"His provision, lifespan, deeds, and whether he will be miserable or happy are written."



Second: Humans Have a Real Will and Choice

Allah Affirmed Human Choice

Allah says:

فَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيُؤْمِنْ وَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيَكْفُرْ

Translation:
"So whoever wills let him believe, and whoever wills let him disbelieve."


Humans Are Accountable for Their Actions

Allah says:

كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ

Translation:
"Every soul is held in pledge for what it has earned."


If humans had no will, accountability would be meaningless.

Third: Human Will Is Under Allah’s Will

The Correct Balance

Allah says:

وَمَا تَشَاءُونَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ

Translation:
"And you do not will unless Allah wills, Lord of the worlds."


Humans will and choose
Allah allows and creates that choice