Hadith 1285
´Umm al-Mu’minin Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) says that` the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) ruled that the right to benefit is based on being liable. © Imam Tirmidhi says:
1- This hadith is Hasan Sahih,
2- It is also narrated through other chains,
3- The people of knowledge act upon this.
Hadith 1286
حَدَّثَنَا
أَبُو سَلَمَةَ يَحْيَى بْنُ خَلَفٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا
عُمَرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْمُقَدَّمِيُّ، عَنْ
هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ
أَبِيهِ، عَنْ
عَائِشَةَ، " أَنّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَضَى أَنَّ الْخَرَاجَ بِالضَّمَانِ " . قَالَ : هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ غَرِيبٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى : وَقَدْ رَوَى
مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الزَّنْجِيُّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ ، عن
هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، وَرَوَاهُ
جَرِيرٌ، عنْ
هِشَامٍ أَيْضًا . وَحَدِيثُ جَرِيرٍ يُقَالُ : تَدْلِيسٌ دَلَّسَ فِيهِ جَرِيرٌ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ ، وَتَفْسِيرُ الْخَرَاجِ بِالضَّمَانِ ، هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَشْتَرِي الْعَبْدَ ، فَيَسْتَغِلُّهُ ثُمَّ يَجِدُ بِهِ عَيْبًا ، فَيَرُدُّهُ عَلَى الْبَائِعِ ، فَالْغَلَّةُ لِلْمُشْتَرِي لِأَنَّ الْعَبْدَ لَوْ هَلَكَ هَلَكَ مِنْ مَالِ الْمُشْتَرِي ، وَنَحْوُ هَذَا مِنَ الْمَسَائِلِ يَكُونُ فِيهِ الْخَرَاجُ بِالضَّمَانِ .
‘Umm al-Mu’minin Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) says that the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) decided that the right to benefit is based on being liable as a guarantor. © Imam Tirmidhi says:
1- This hadith, narrated from Hisham bin ‘Urwah, is Hasan Sahih Gharib.
2- Imam Tirmidhi says: Muhammad bin Isma’il considered this hadith to be Gharib from the narration of ‘Umar bin ‘Ali. I asked: In your view, is there any tadlis in it? He said: No.
3- Muslim bin Khalid Zanji has narrated this hadith from Hisham bin ‘Urwah.
4- Jarir has also narrated it from Hisham.
5- And it is said that there is tadlis in Jarir’s hadith; Jarir has committed tadlis in it, he did not hear it from Hisham bin ‘Urwah.
6- The explanation of «الخراج بالضمان» is that a man buys a slave and makes him work for wages, then finds a defect in him and returns him to the seller; so the wages and benefit of the slave will belong to the buyer. Because if the slave had perished, the buyer’s wealth would have perished. In this and similar matters, the right to benefit is due to being liable as a guarantor.