سنن ترمذي

Tirmidhi

كتاب البيوع عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم

The Book on Business

باب مَا جَاءَ فِي الْبَيِّعَيْنِ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا

Chapter: ….

3 hadith
Hadith 1245
حَدَّثَنَا وَاصِلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، حَدَّثَنَا الْكوِفِيُّ بْنُ فُضَيْلٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : " الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا " أَوْ " يَخْتَارَا " ، قَالَ : فَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ إِذَا ابْتَاعَ بَيْعًا وَهُوَ قَاعِدٌ ، قَامَ لِيَجِبَ لَهُ الْبَيْعُ . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى : وَفِي الْبَاب ، عَنْ أَبِي بَرْزَةَ ، وَحَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو ، وَسَمُرَةَ ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى : حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ ، وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ : الشَّافِعِيِّ ، وَأَحْمَدَ ، وَإِسْحَاق ، وَقَالُوا : الْفُرْقَةُ بِالْأَبْدَانِ لَا بِالْكَلَامِ ، وَقَدْ قَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ : مَعْنَى قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا يَعْنِي الْفُرْقَةَ بِالْكَلَامِ " ، وَالْقَوْلُ الْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ لِأَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ هُوَ رَوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَعْنَى مَا رَوَى . وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُوجِبَ الْبَيْعَ مَشَى لِيَجِبَ لَهُ .
‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with both of them) says: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) say: “The seller and the buyer both have the option (to cancel or confirm the sale) as long as they have not separated, or they both stipulate the option.” Nafi‘ says: When Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with both of them) would buy something and was sitting, he would stand up so that the sale would become binding (and the option would no longer remain).

Imam Tirmidhi says:
1- The hadith of Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with both of them) is Hasan Sahih.
2- In this chapter, there are also ahadith from Abu Barzah, Hakim bin Hizam, ‘Abdullah bin ‘Abbas, ‘Abdullah bin ‘Amr, Samurah, and Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with them).
3- Some of the people of knowledge from among the Companions and others have acted upon this. And this is also the saying of Shafi‘i, Ahmad, and Ishaq bin Rahwayh. These people say that by separation is meant physical separation, not verbal separation, i.e., leaving the gathering is meant, not changing the subject of conversation.
4- And some of the people of knowledge say that by the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) «مالم يتفرقا» is meant verbal separation. The first opinion is more correct, because Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with both of them) himself narrated this from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and he knows best the meaning of the hadith he narrated. And it is narrated from him that when he intended to make the sale binding, he would (leave the gathering and) walk away so that the sale would become binding.
5- It is also narrated in the same way from Abu Barzah (may Allah be pleased with him).
Hadith Reference سنن ترمذي / كتاب البيوع عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم / 1245
Hadith Grading الألبانی: صحيح، ابن ماجة (2181)
Hadith Takhrij «صحیح البخاری/البیوع 42 (2107) ، صحیح مسلم/البیوع 10 (1531) ، سنن النسائی/البیوع 9 (4478) ، ( تحفة الأشراف : 8522) (صحیح) وأخرجہ کل من: صحیح البخاری/البیوع 43 (2109) ، و 44 (2111) ، و45 (2112) ، و46 (2113) ، صحیح مسلم/البیوع (المصدر المذکور) ، سنن ابی داود/ البیوع 53 (3454) ، سنن النسائی/البیوع 9 (4470-4477) ، سنن ابن ماجہ/التجارات 17 (2181) ، موطا امام مالک/البیوع 38 (79) ، مسند احمد (2/4، 9، 52، 54، 73، 119، 135) من غیر ہذا الوجہ۔»
Hadith 1246
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا فَإِنْ صَدَقَا وَبَيَّنَا بُورِكَ لَهُمَا فِي بَيْعِهِمَا ، وَإِنْ كَتَمَا وَكَذَبَا مُحِقَتْ بَرَكَةُ بَيْعِهِمَا " ، هَذَا حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ وَهَكَذَا رُوِيَ ، عَنْ أَبِي بَرْزَةَ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ وَهَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي بَرْزَةَ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ ، أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ اخْتَصَمَا إِلَيْهِ فِي فَرَسٍ بَعْدَ مَا تَبَايَعَا ، وَكَانُوا فِي سَفِينَةٍ ، فَقَالَ : لَا أَرَاكُمَا افْتَرَقْتُمَا ، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا " . وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ ، إِلَى أَنَّ الْفُرْقَةَ بِالْكَلَامِ ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ : سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ . وَهَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، وَرُوِي عَنْ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : كَيْفَ أَرُدُّ هَذَا ؟ وَالْحَدِيثُ فِيهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَحِيحٌ وَقَوَّى هَذَا الْمَذْهَبَ ، وَمَعْنَى قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِلَّا بَيْعَ الْخِيَارِ " مَعْنَاهُ : أَنْ يُخَيِّرَ الْبَائِعُ الْمُشْتَرِيَ بَعْدَ إِيجَابِ الْبَيْعِ ، فَإِذَا خَيَّرَهُ فَاخْتَارَ الْبَيْعَ ، فَلَيْسَ لَهُ خِيَارٌ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فِي فَسْخِ الْبَيْعِ ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا هَكَذَا فَسَّرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ ، وَغَيْرُهُ ، وَمِمَّا يُقَوِّي قَوْلَ : مَنْ يَقُولُ الْفُرْقَةُ بِالْأَبْدَانِ ، لَا بِالْكَلَامِ حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ .
Hakim bin Hizam (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "The seller and the buyer have the option (to cancel or confirm the sale) as long as they do not separate. 1 Both have the right to keep the sale or to annul it. If both speak the truth and make clear the good and bad aspects of the goods, there will be blessing in their sale. But if they conceal defects and tell lies, the blessing of their sale will be erased." © Imam Tirmidhi says:
1- This hadith is authentic.
2- Similarly, it is also narrated from Abu Barzah Aslami that two men, after selling a horse, brought their case to him while they were in a boat. Abu Barzah said: "I do not think that you both have separated, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 'The seller and the buyer have the option as long as they do not separate (from the gathering).' "
3- Some scholars among the people of Kufa and others have held the view that separation is by statement, and this is also the saying of Sufyan Thawri, and similarly it is narrated from Malik bin Anas.
4- And Ibn Mubarak said: "How can I reject this view when an authentic hadith has been reported from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)?"
5- And he has declared it strong. The meaning of the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) «إلا بيع الخيار» is that after the sale becomes binding, the seller gives the buyer the option, then when the buyer chooses the sale, after that he will not have the option to annul the sale, even if they have not separated. Similarly, Shafi'i and others have interpreted it.
6- And the view of those who say that separation is physical (separation of bodies) is supported by the hadith of Abdullah bin Amr, which he narrates from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) (which is coming ahead).
Hadith Reference سنن ترمذي / كتاب البيوع عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم / 1246
Hadith Grading الألبانی: صحيح، الإرواء (1281) ، أحاديث البيوع
Hadith Takhrij «صحیح البخاری/البیوع 19 (2079) ، و22 (2082) ، و42 (2108) ، و 44 (2110) ، و 46 (2114) ، صحیح مسلم/البیوع 1 (1532) ، سنن ابی داود/ البیوع 53 (3459) ، سنن النسائی/البیوع 5 (4462) ، ( تحفة الأشراف : 3427) و مسند احمد (3/402، 403، 434) (صحیح)»
Hadith 1247
أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكَ قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَجْلَانَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : " الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ صَفْقَةَ خِيَارٍ ، وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يُفَارِقَ صَاحِبَهُ خَشْيَةَ أَنْ يَسْتَقِيلَهُ " . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى : هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ ، وَمَعْنَى هَذَا أَنْ يُفَارِقَهُ بَعْدَ الْبَيْعِ خَشْيَةَ أَنْ يَسْتَقِيلَهُ ، وَلَوْ كَانَتِ الْفُرْقَةُ بِالْكَلَامِ ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ خِيَارٌ بَعْدَ الْبَيْعِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ مَعْنًى حَيْثُ قَالَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يُفَارِقَهُ خَشْيَةَ أَنْ يَسْتَقِيلَهُ " .
‘Abdullah bin ‘Amr (may Allah be pleased with them both) reports that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “The seller and the buyer have the option (to cancel the transaction) as long as they have not separated, unless it is a transaction with a stipulated option (khiyar), in which case the right of return remains even after separation. And it is not permissible for the seller to separate from his companion (the buyer) out of fear that he will cancel the sale.” © Imam Tirmidhi says:
1- This hadith is Hasan (good),
2- And its meaning is that after the sale, he separates from the buyer out of fear that he will cancel it, and if separation were only by speech, and the buyer had no option after the sale, then this hadith would have no meaning, which is what you (the Prophet) said: “It is not permissible for the seller to separate from the buyer out of fear that he will cancel his sale.”
Hadith Reference سنن ترمذي / كتاب البيوع عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم / 1247
Hadith Grading الألبانی: حسن، الإرواء (1311) ، أحاديث البيوع
Hadith Takhrij «سنن ابی داود/ البیوع 53 (3458) ، ( تحفة الأشراف : 8797) ، و مسند احمد (2/183) (حسن صحیح)»