Tirmidhi

1:
The aforementioned supplication should be recited before entering the toilet, and if someone is going to relieve himself in an open area, then he should recite this supplication before lifting his garment to sit for relieving himself.

Hadith Commentary:
The meaning is that this supplication should be recited before entering the toilet, as the remembrance of Allah is not permissible inside the toilet.
The words "khubuth" and "khaba’ith" include all filthy actions and impure jinn, male and female spirits.
Ustad al-Hind, Hazrat Shah Waliullah Muhaddith Dehlawi rahimahullah states:
“The saying of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam: ‘Indeed, the toilets are attended (by devils), so when one of you comes to the toilet, let him say: O Allah, I seek refuge with You from the male and female devils (khubuth and khaba’ith), and when he exits the toilet, let him say: Your forgiveness.’ I say: It is recommended that he say upon entering: ‘O Allah, I seek refuge with You…’ etc., because the toilets are attended, and the devils are present there, for they love impurity. They are present just as the jinn and devils are present, lying in wait to harm and corrupt the children of Adam.” (: Hujjatullah)
In summary, jinn are present in the toilet who wish to harm humans, therefore reciting these supplications has been declared recommended (mustahabb).

Hadith Commentary:
One should recite this supplication before entering the toilet.
Such filthy places are inhabited by evil jinn who, on various pretexts, cause harm to humans. Therefore, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) instructed the recitation of the aforementioned supplication.
When a person recites this supplication, he is protected from the wickedness and mischief of the evil jinn.

Explanation:
In this hadith, it is mentioned that the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam himself would recite this supplication, and in a narration of Muslim, it is stated with the wording «امر» that when you enter the toilet, recite this supplication. It is also permissible to recite it with these words «بسم الله اعوذ بالله من الخبث والخبائث». By «خبث» and «خبائث», impure male and female jinn are meant. The Imam did not mention the hadith regarding the supplication after relieving oneself because it did not meet his conditions. This is the one narrated by Ibn Khuzaymah and Ibn Hibban from Sayyidah Aisha radi Allahu anha, that after relieving himself, the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam would recite «غفرانك». And in Ibn Majah, this supplication is mentioned: «الحمدلله الذى اذهب عني الاذي وعافاني» “(All praise) is for Allah who granted me well-being and removed filth from me.” After relieving himself, the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam would also recite this supplication.

Hadith Commentary:
➊
The second translation of this supplication is:
“O Allah, I seek refuge with You from male and female evil jinn.”
It should be noted that there is some detail regarding the recitation of these words:
If one is going to the toilet to relieve oneself, then this supplication should be recited before entering, as Imam al-Bukhari rahimahullah has explicitly mentioned in the follow-up after the hadith, and it is also mentioned in al-Adab al-Mufrad with the clarification “when intending to enter the toilet.”
Then, if the need arises in an open field, since there is no filth there and nor is there a gathering of devils, it should be recited before lifting the garment to sit down. However, when a person is actually engaged in relieving himself, supplicatory words should not be recited.
(Fath al-Bari: 1/321)

➋
If one forgets to recite the supplication before entering the toilet, what is the ruling? Should he recite it in his heart? Should he recite it verbally, or should he not recite anything at all? There are differing opinions among the scholars regarding this:
Sayyiduna Ibn Umar radi Allahu anhu, Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-As radi Allahu anhuma, and Imam Malik rahimahullah and others hold the view that it is permissible to mention Allah in the place of relieving oneself, so according to them, it would be permissible to recite the supplication verbally as well.
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhuma, Ata’ and Mujahid rahimahullah and others consider it disliked to mention Allah at the time and place of relieving oneself.
Imam Ikrimah rahimahullah says that it should be recited in the heart and not uttered verbally.
(‘Umdat al-Qari: 2/384, and Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah: 1/209)
Hafiz Ibn Hajar rahimahullah has attributed this opinion to the majority.
However, this is not supported by the evidences, and after much searching, we have not found anyone from the Salaf who held this view except Ikrimah rahimahullah.
According to us, the preferred position is that if it is possible to make up for the forgetfulness, one should exit, recite the supplication, and then re-enter; otherwise, he will be excused due to forgetfulness.
The reason for preferring this is that mentioning Allah in such a place and time is, in any case, certainly disliked.
And as for the presence in the heart, a review of the transmitted supplications (ad‘iyah ma’thurah) shows that all remembrances and supplications are related to verbal utterance, and there is no supplication for which it is commanded to merely be present in the heart.
This is what we have, and Allah knows best what is correct.

Hadith Commentary:
Vocabulary of the Hadith:
(1)
Kaneef:
Toilet,
Latrine.
Khubth:
Plural of khabeeth,
Jinn,
Shaytan or filthy and impure act,
Whether in word or deed.
(2)
Khabaa’ith:
Plural of khabeethah,
Female shaytan,
By this are also meant sins and blameworthy actions.

Benefits and Issues:
Places for urination and defecation are impure and filthy, therefore both male and female shayatin frequent these places. For this reason, one should recite this supplication before relieving oneself so that a person remains protected from the harm of those creatures. This is the main purpose of the hadith, although, considering the generality of the wording, seeking refuge from impurities and sins can also be included in it incidentally.

English Translation:
1:
In filthy places, jinn who are fond of impurity reside.
This is why the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), when entering the toilet to relieve himself, would seek refuge from the impure male and female jinn.
A person’s anus also becomes impure at the time of relieving oneself, and for this reason, wicked jinn cause harm to humans in such situations.
To remain protected from this, this supplication is recited.

19. Commentary:
➊ By "entering" is meant the intention to enter, as is explicitly stated in the narration of Sahih Bukhari. See: [صحيح البخاري، الوضوء، حديث : 142]
Therefore, this supplication should be recited before entering the toilet. The toilet is a place of filth, and it is necessary to maintain the sanctity and exaltation of Allah's name. However, if someone forgets and remembers after entering or after undressing, there is a difference of opinion among the Companions (radi Allahu anhum) and the Followers (tabi'in, rahimahumullah) as to whether one should recite it in the heart or leave it. Or, if one has not yet removed their clothes, they should come back out, recite the supplication, and then enter.
➋ «الخبث و الخبائث» "Khaba’ith" is the plural of "khabithah," referring to female jinn. "Khubth," with a dammah (u-sound) on the "ba," is the plural of "khabith," referring to male jinn. If the "ba" is sukun (silent), then it refers to every disliked and detestable thing. In this way, under this wording, all evil jinn, female jinn, vile manners and actions, and every kind of indecent word and statement are included. Therefore, if the supplication is recited with this pronunciation, a person is protected from all the aforementioned types of evil and detestable things. As for the special emphasis on supplicating for protection from jinn and female jinn in this state, it is because they have a certain affinity with filth and foul odors, and at such times they can also cause harm. For further details, see: [شرح الترمذي لأحمد شاکر : 10/1]

Lexical Explanation:
«إذَا دَخَلَ» means: when one intends to enter the toilet.
«اَلْخُبُث» Both “kha” and “ba” have a dammah, and “ba” has also been recited with sukoon. This is the plural of khabeeth (evil one).
«اَلْخَبَائِث» is the plural of «خَبِيْثَةٌ».
«اوّل» means male devil, and «ثاني» means female devil. And it should also be noted that the words of the mentioned supplication should be recited before entering the toilet, not after. However, if it is an open space and there is no constructed toilet in the building, then while sitting down to relieve oneself and lifting one’s garment, this supplication should be recited.

Benefits and Issues:
➊ Filthy places are inhabited by jinn who are accustomed to filth; therefore, the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam taught a supplication to be recited before entering the toilet to relieve oneself.
➋ Since a person’s anus (backside) also becomes impure at the time of relieving oneself, the jinn cause harm and trouble to humans; thus, a supplication has been taught to seek protection from them.

Benefits and Issues
➊ The efforts of the noble hadith scholars (radi Allahu anhum) in the preservation of hadith should be appreciated. See how much trustworthiness and honesty they demonstrate in transmitting the blessed words of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam). If one teacher narrated «Allahumma inni a'udhu bika», then the other narrated exactly what he heard and remembered, that is, instead of «Allahumma inni», he only narrated «a'udhu billah», and the hadith scholar remembered and narrated the words of both separately, exactly as they were.
➋ This hadith teaches that these words should be recited whenever entering the toilet, whether it is in the home or in the wilderness.
➌ Note that these words should be recited outside the toilet, because the toilet is not a place for the remembrance of Allah. If in the wilderness, then these words should be said before removing one's clothes.
➍ The hadith scholars state that if the word «al-khubth» is read with a dammah (u-sound) on the letter "ba", then «khubth» is the plural of the masculine form. And «khaba’ith, khabithah» is the feminine form. The meaning is: among the jinn, both male and female individuals. And if the "ba" in «khubth» is read as sakin (without a vowel), then the meaning will be: "O Allah! I seek refuge with You from all abominations, forbidden things, evils, and impurities."