سنن ترمذي
Tirmidhi
كتاب الصلاةThe Book on Salat (Prayer)
باب مَا جَاءَ فِي تَرْكِ الْقِرَاءَةِ خَلْفَ الإِمَامِ إِذَا جَهَرَ الإِمَامُ بِالْقِرَاءَةِChapter: What Has Been Related About Not Reciting Behind The Imam When The Imam Is Reciting Aloud
Hadith 312
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مَعْنٌ، حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ ابْنِ أُكَيْمَةَ اللَّيْثِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ انْصَرَفَ مِنْ صَلَاةٍ جَهَرَ فِيهَا بِالْقِرَاءَةِ ، فَقَالَ : " هَلْ قَرَأَ مَعِي أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ آنِفًا ؟ " فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ : نَعَمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، قَالَ : " إِنِّي أَقُولُ مَالِي أُنَازَعُ الْقُرْآنَ " ، قَالَ : فَانْتَهَى النَّاسُ عَنِ الْقِرَاءَةِ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيمَا جَهَرَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنَ الصَّلَوَاتِ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ حِينَ سَمِعُوا ذَلِكَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . قَالَ : وَفِي الْبَاب عَنْ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ , وَعِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ , وَجَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى : هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ ، وَابْنُ أُكَيْمَةَ اللَّيْثِيُّ اسْمُهُ : عُمَارَةُ ، وَيُقَالُ عَمْرُو بْنُ أُكَيْمَةَ ، وَرَوَى بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِ الزُّهْرِيِّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ وَذَكَرُوا هَذَا الْحَرْفَ ، قَالَ : قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ : فَانْتَهَى النَّاسُ عَنِ الْقِرَاءَةِ حِينَ سَمِعُوا ذَلِكَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَلَيْسَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ مَا يَدْخُلُ عَلَى مَنْ رَأَى الْقِرَاءَةَ خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ ، لِأَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ هُوَ الَّذِي رَوَى عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ ، وَرَوَى أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : " مَنْ صَلَّى صَلَاةً لَمْ يَقْرَأْ فِيهَا بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ فَهِيَ خِدَاجٌ فَهِيَ خِدَاجٌ غَيْرُ تَمَامٍ " فَقَالَ لَهُ حَامِلُ الْحَدِيثِ : إِنِّي أَكُونُ أَحْيَانًا وَرَاءَ الْإِمَامِ ، قَالَ : اقْرَأْ بِهَا فِي نَفْسِكَ ، وَرَوَى أَبُو عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيُّ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، قَالَ : " أَمَرَنِي النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ أُنَادِيَ أَنْ لَا صَلَاةَ إِلَّا بِقِرَاءَةِ فَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ " وَاخْتَارَ أَكْثَرُ أَصْحَابِ الْحَدِيثِ أَنْ لَا يَقْرَأَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا جَهَرَ الْإِمَامُ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ ، وَقَالُوا : يَتَتَبَّعُ سَكَتَاتِ الْإِمَامِ ، وَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ فِي الْقِرَاءَةِ خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ ، فَرَأَى أَكْثَرُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَالتَّابِعِينَ وَمَنْ بَعْدَهُمُ الْقِرَاءَةَ خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ ، وَبِهِ يَقُولُ : مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ , وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ , وَالشَّافِعِيُّ , وَأَحْمَدُ , وَإِسْحَاق ، وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : أَنَا أَقْرَأُ خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ وَالنَّاسُ يَقْرَءُونَ ، إِلَّا قَوْمًا مِنَ الْكُوفِيِّينَ ، وَأَرَى أَنَّ مَنْ لَمْ يَقْرَأْ ، صَلَاتُهُ جَائِزَةٌ ، وَشَدَّدَ قَوْمٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ فِي تَرْكِ قِرَاءَةِ فَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ ، وَإِنْ كَانَ خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ ، فَقَالُوا : لَا تُجْزِئُ صَلَاةٌ إِلَّا بِقِرَاءَةِ فَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ وَحْدَهُ كَانَ أَوْ خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ ، وَذَهَبُوا إِلَى مَا رَوَى عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَقَرَأَ عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ ، وَتَأَوَّلَ قَوْلَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا صَلَاةَ إِلَّا بِقِرَاءَةِ فَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ " وَبِهِ يَقُولُ : الشافعي , وَإِسْحَاق وَغَيْرُهُمَا ، وَأَمَّا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ ، فَقَالَ : مَعْنَى قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا صَلَاةَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَقْرَأْ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ إِذَا كَانَ وَحْدَهُ " ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، حَيْثُ قَالَ : مَنْ صَلَّى رَكْعَةً لَمْ يَقْرَأْ فِيهَا بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ ، فَلَمْ يُصَلِّ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ وَرَاءَ الْإِمَامِ ، قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ : فَهَذَا رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، تَأَوَّلَ قَوْلَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا صَلَاةَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَقْرَأْ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ أَنَّ هَذَا إِذَا كَانَ وَحْدَهُ " وَاخْتَارَ أَحْمَدُ مَعَ هَذَا الْقِرَاءَةَ خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ ، وَأَنْ لَا يَتْرُكَ الرَّجُلُ فَاتِحَةَ الْكِتَابِ وَإِنْ كَانَ خَلْفَ الْإِمَامِ .
´Abu Hurairah narrated:` "Allah's Messenger turned (after praying) from a Salat in which he recited aloud and said: 'Has any one of you recite along with me just now?' A man said: 'Yes, O Messenger of Allah.' He said: 'Indeed I said to myself: Why was I being contended with for the Quran?'" He (Az-Zuhri one of the narrators) said: "So when they heard that from Allah's Messenger, the people stopped reciting with Allah's Messenger in the prayers that Allah's Messenger recited aloud."
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Dr. Abdur Rahman Freywai
1:
This is the personal opinion of Jabir (radi Allahu anhu).
Consideration is given to the marfu‘ (attributed to the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) narration, not to the opinion of a Companion (sahabi) in cases where there exist differing opinions from other Companions, and those opinions are also in accordance with the apparent meaning of the hadith.
This is the personal opinion of Jabir (radi Allahu anhu).
Consideration is given to the marfu‘ (attributed to the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) narration, not to the opinion of a Companion (sahabi) in cases where there exist differing opinions from other Companions, and those opinions are also in accordance with the apparent meaning of the hadith.
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhi – Majlis ‘Ilmi Dar al-Da‘wah, New Delhi Edition, Page: 312
Hafiz Muhammad Ameen
920. Commentary: In this narration as well, the objection of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was to the follower (muqtadi) reciting aloud, because the imam would only face difficulty when someone’s recitation reached him. If he recites quietly and his voice is not heard by anyone, then how could this cause any confusion or dispute? However, in audible (jahr) prayers, followers have been explicitly prohibited from reciting more than Surah al-Fatihah, therefore in audible prayers, the follower cannot recite more than Surah al-Fatihah, neither aloud nor silently. The meaning of the last statement is also the recitation beyond Surah al-Fatihah, from which people refrained. As for Surah al-Fatihah itself, the narrator of the hadith himself gave the fatwa for its recitation. [ديكهيے ، حديث : 910]
It should be noted that this last statement is from Imam al-Zuhri, who is among the younger Tabi‘in. Hafiz Ibn Hajar rahimahullah, Imam Ibn al-Qayyim, and Allamah Shams al-Haq Azimabadi have transmitted the statements of great hadith scholars and imams of al-jarh wa al-ta‘dil such as Imam al-Bukhari rahimahullah, Imam Malik, Imam Abu Dawud, Imam al-Tirmidhi, and Imam al-Bayhaqi rahimahullah, that this is the speech of Imam al-Zuhri himself, not a hadith of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam. See: [التلخیص الجبیر ، رقم : 344 ، عون المعبود : 3؍50 ۔ 52]
And Allah knows best. From whom did he hear this: «فانتهي الناس عن القراءة . . . الخ»? This is not specified, therefore it is mursal, and «مراسيل الزهري كالريح» “The mursal narrations of al-Zuhri are like the wind,” therefore this statement of his is also like the wind.
It should be noted that this last statement is from Imam al-Zuhri, who is among the younger Tabi‘in. Hafiz Ibn Hajar rahimahullah, Imam Ibn al-Qayyim, and Allamah Shams al-Haq Azimabadi have transmitted the statements of great hadith scholars and imams of al-jarh wa al-ta‘dil such as Imam al-Bukhari rahimahullah, Imam Malik, Imam Abu Dawud, Imam al-Tirmidhi, and Imam al-Bayhaqi rahimahullah, that this is the speech of Imam al-Zuhri himself, not a hadith of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam. See: [التلخیص الجبیر ، رقم : 344 ، عون المعبود : 3؍50 ۔ 52]
And Allah knows best. From whom did he hear this: «فانتهي الناس عن القراءة . . . الخ»? This is not specified, therefore it is mursal, and «مراسيل الزهري كالريح» “The mursal narrations of al-Zuhri are like the wind,” therefore this statement of his is also like the wind.
Source: Sunan Nasa'i: Translation and Benefits by Shaykh Hafiz Muhammad Amin Hafizullah, Page: 920
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
826. Commentary:
➊ When the imam is reciting aloud (siri qira’ah), the follower (muqtadi) should also recite. He should recite Surah al-Fatihah and more as well.
➋ The argument that when the imam is reciting aloud (jahri qira’ah), the follower should not even recite al-Fatihah, is by no means preferable. Imam Abu Dawud rahimahullah has established from the following narration that «فانتهي الناس عن القراة» is the statement of al-Zuhri and not of Abu Hurayrah radi Allahu anhu. Therefore, due to being interpolated (mudraj), it is not valid as evidence.
➊ When the imam is reciting aloud (siri qira’ah), the follower (muqtadi) should also recite. He should recite Surah al-Fatihah and more as well.
➋ The argument that when the imam is reciting aloud (jahri qira’ah), the follower should not even recite al-Fatihah, is by no means preferable. Imam Abu Dawud rahimahullah has established from the following narration that «فانتهي الناس عن القراة» is the statement of al-Zuhri and not of Abu Hurayrah radi Allahu anhu. Therefore, due to being interpolated (mudraj), it is not valid as evidence.
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 826
Maulana Ataullah Sajid
Benefits and Issues:
(1)
In audible (jahr) prayers, after Surah al-Fatihah, one should listen silently to the recitation of the imam.
(2)
In the tashahhud, first recite "at-tahiyyatu lillah..." all the way to the end of the entire supplication. After that, recite the salutation upon the Prophet (salawat/darood sharif), and then other supplications should be recited.
(1)
In audible (jahr) prayers, after Surah al-Fatihah, one should listen silently to the recitation of the imam.
(2)
In the tashahhud, first recite "at-tahiyyatu lillah..." all the way to the end of the entire supplication. After that, recite the salutation upon the Prophet (salawat/darood sharif), and then other supplications should be recited.
Source: Commentary on Sunan Ibn Mājah by Mawlānā ‘Atā’ullāh Sājid, Page: 848
Shaykh Muhammad Ibrahim bin Basheer
Benefit:
This hadith proves that when the imam is reciting another surah after Surah al-Fatihah, the followers (muqtadis) should not recite behind him, rather they should listen. Here, it should be remembered that reciting Surah al-Fatihah is obligatory (fard) upon everyone. For details, refer to the book "Tawdih al-Kalam" by the esteemed teacher and muhaddith of the era, Shaykh Irshad al-Haq Athari rahimahullah.
This hadith proves that when the imam is reciting another surah after Surah al-Fatihah, the followers (muqtadis) should not recite behind him, rather they should listen. Here, it should be remembered that reciting Surah al-Fatihah is obligatory (fard) upon everyone. For details, refer to the book "Tawdih al-Kalam" by the esteemed teacher and muhaddith of the era, Shaykh Irshad al-Haq Athari rahimahullah.
Source: Musnad al-Humaydi: Commentary by Muhammad Ibrahim bin Bashir, Page: 982
