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سنن ترمذي
Tirmidhi
كتاب تفسير القرآن عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلمChapters on Tafsir
باب وَمِنْ سُورَةِ الْمَائِدَةِChapter: Interpretation of Some Verses from Surah Al-Ma'idah
Hadith 3059
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي شُعَيْبٍ الْحَرَّانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ الْحَرَّانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاق، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، عَنْ بَاذَانَ مَوْلَى أُمِّ هَانِئ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ تَمِيمٍ الدَّارِيِّ، فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ " يَأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا شَهَادَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ سورة المائدة آية 106 ، قَالَ : بَرِئَ مِنْهَا النَّاسُ غَيْرِي وَغَيْرَ عَدِيَّ بْنِ بَدَّاءٍ ، وَكَانَا نَصْرَانِيَّيْنِ يَخْتَلِفَانِ إِلَى الشَّامِ قَبْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ ، فَأَتَيَا الشَّامَ لِتِجَارَتِهِمَا وَقَدِمَ عَلَيْهِمَا مَوْلًى لِبَنِي سَهْمٍ ، يُقَالُ لَهُ : بُدَيْلُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ بِتِجَارَةٍ ، وَمَعَهُ جَامٌ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ يُرِيدُ بِهِ الْمَلِكَ ، وَهُوَ عُظْمُ تِجَارَتِهِ ، فَمَرِضَ فَأَوْصَى إِلَيْهِمَا وَأَمَرَهُمَا أَنْ يُبَلِّغَا مَا تَرَكَ أَهْلَهُ ، قَالَ تَمِيمٌ : فَلَمَّا مَاتَ أَخَذْنَا ذَلِكَ الْجَامَ فَبِعْنَاهُ بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ ، ثُمَّ اقْتَسَمْنَاهُ أَنَا وَعَدِيُّ بْنُ بَدَّاءٍ ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمْنَا إِلَى أَهْلِهِ دَفَعْنَا إِلَيْهِمْ مَا كَانَ مَعَنَا ، وَفَقَدُوا الْجَامَ فَسَأَلُونَا عَنْهُ ، فَقُلْنَا : مَا تَرَكَ غَيْرَ هَذَا وَمَا دَفَعَ إِلَيْنَا غَيْرَهُ ، قَالَ تَمِيمٌ : فَلَمَّا أَسْلَمْتُ بَعْدَ قُدُومِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمَدِينَةَ تَأَثَّمْتُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَأَتَيْتُ أَهْلَهُ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُمُ الْخَبَرَ وَأَدَّيْتُ إِلَيْهِمْ خَمْسَ مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَأَخْبَرْتُهُمْ أَنَّ عِنْدَ صَاحِبِي مِثْلَهَا ، فَأَتَوْا بِهِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَسَأَلَهُمُ الْبَيِّنَةَ ، فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا ،فَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَسْتَحْلِفُوهُ بِمَا يُعْظَمُ بِهِ عَلَى أَهْلِ دِينِهِ فَحَلَفَ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ يَأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا شَهَادَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ أَوْ يَخَافُوا أَنْ تُرَدَّ أَيْمَانٌ بَعْدَ أَيْمَانِهِمْ سورة المائدة آية 106 ـ 108 ، فَقَامَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ وَرَجُلٌ آخَرُ فَحَلَفَا ، فَنُزِعَتِ الْخَمْسُ مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ مِنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ بَدَّاءٍ " ، قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى : هَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ ، وَلَيْسَ إِسْنَادُهُ بِصَحِيحٍ ، وَأَبُو النَّضْرِ الَّذِي رَوَى عَنْهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاق هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ هُوَ عِنْدِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ الْكَلْبِيُّ ، يُكْنَى أَبَا النَّضْرِ ، وَقَدْ تَرَكَهُ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ وَهُوَ صَاحِبُ التَّفْسِيرِ ، سَمِعْت مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْمَاعِيل ، يَقُولُ : مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ الْكَلْبِيُّ يُكْنَى أَبَا النَّضْرِ ، قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى : وَلَا نَعْرِفُ لِسَالِمٍ أَبِي النَّضْرِ الْمَدَنِيِّ رِوَايَةً عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ مَوْلَى أُمِّ هَانِئٍ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ شَيْءٌ مِنْ هَذَا عَلَى الِاخْتِصَارِ مِنْ غَيْرِ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ .
´Narrated Ibn 'Abbas:` from Tamim Ad-Dari, regarding this Ayah: O you who believe! When death approaches any of you then take the testimony (5:106). He said: "The people are innocent of it, other than myself and 'Adi bin Badda.' We were Christians who used to frequent Ash-Sham before Islam." They went to Ash-Sham for their business, and they were approached by a freed slave of Banu Sahm, who was called Budail bin Abi Maryam, with some trade. He had a bowl they wanted made of silver, but he wanted a great deal for it. Then he became ill, and willed it to them, and he commissioned them to deliver what was left to his family. Tamim said: "When he died, we took that bowl and we sold it for one-thousand Dirham. Then 'Adi bin Badda and I divided it. When we went to his family to give them what was with us, they searched for the bowl and asked about it. We said: 'He did not leave behind other than this, nor did he give us other than this.'" Tamim said: "When I accepted Islam, after the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had arrived in Al-Madinah, I felt guilty about that, so I went to his family, and informed them about what had happened. I gave them fifty-thousand Dirham and told them my companion had the same. They took him to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) but he asked them for their proof, which they did not have, so he ordered them, to have him to take an oath in accordance with whatever the people of his religion revered, so he took the oath. Then Allah revealed: 'O you who believe! When death approaches any of you then take the testimony...' up to His saying: 'Or else they would fear that oaths will be admitted after their oaths (5:106).'" So 'Amr bin Al-'As and another man stood to take an oath, and the fifty-thousand Dirham was taken from 'Adi bin Badda.'"
Brief Explanation
1؎: "O Muslims! When the time of death approaches any one of you, then at the time of making a bequest, there should be two just witnesses from among you Muslims present." (1)
2؎: "O you who believe! Let there be witnesses between you, when death approaches any of you, at the time of making a bequest—two just persons from among you (Muslims or relatives), or two others from among other people (i.e., from another religion), if you are traveling in the land and the calamity of death befalls you. If you doubt (their testimony), detain them both after the prayer (Asr), and let them both swear by Allah: 'We will not sell our testimony for any price, even if it concerns a near relative, nor will we conceal the testimony of Allah, for then indeed we would be among the sinners.' (Thus they should swear and give testimony.) Then, if it is found that those two (witnesses) have been guilty of sin, then let two others stand forth from among those against whom the sin was committed, who are nearest in kinship, and let them both swear by Allah: 'Our testimony is truer than their testimony, and we have not transgressed, for then indeed we would be among the wrongdoers.' This is the closest way for them to give testimony in its true form, or (at least) they will fear that other oaths will be taken after their oaths. And fear Allah and listen (attentively), and know that Allah does not guide the defiantly disobedient people (i.e., the sinners and criminals) to the right path." (1)
2؎: "O you who believe! Let there be witnesses between you, when death approaches any of you, at the time of making a bequest—two just persons from among you (Muslims or relatives), or two others from among other people (i.e., from another religion), if you are traveling in the land and the calamity of death befalls you. If you doubt (their testimony), detain them both after the prayer (Asr), and let them both swear by Allah: 'We will not sell our testimony for any price, even if it concerns a near relative, nor will we conceal the testimony of Allah, for then indeed we would be among the sinners.' (Thus they should swear and give testimony.) Then, if it is found that those two (witnesses) have been guilty of sin, then let two others stand forth from among those against whom the sin was committed, who are nearest in kinship, and let them both swear by Allah: 'Our testimony is truer than their testimony, and we have not transgressed, for then indeed we would be among the wrongdoers.' This is the closest way for them to give testimony in its true form, or (at least) they will fear that other oaths will be taken after their oaths. And fear Allah and listen (attentively), and know that Allah does not guide the defiantly disobedient people (i.e., the sinners and criminals) to the right path." (1)
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Dr. Abdur Rahman Freywai
Explanation:
1:
O Muslims! When the time of death approaches any one of you, then at the time of making a bequest, there should be two just witnesses from among you Muslims present ().
2:
O you who believe! It is appropriate that, among yourselves (from among Muslims or relatives), trustworthy persons should be witnesses when death approaches any one of you and it is time to make a bequest. Let there be two such persons who are religious, whether they are from among you or from among other people of different faiths. If you are on a journey and death approaches you, and if you have doubt, then stand both of them up after the (asr) prayer, and both should swear by Allah that: "We do not wish to gain any benefit by this oath, even if it concerns a relative, nor will we conceal the testimony of Allah. If we do so, then indeed we would be among the sinners." (Thus, they should testify by swearing an oath.) Then, if it becomes known that both witnesses have committed a sin, then from among those against whom the sin was committed, two persons who are closest in relation should stand where the former two stood, and both should swear by Allah that: "Indeed, our oath is truer than their oath, and we have not transgressed in the least. If we do so, then indeed we would be among the wrongdoers." This is a closer means for them to state the matter correctly or to fear that after their oaths, other oaths may be taken in opposition to theirs. And fear Allah, and listen attentively to His command! And know that Allah does not guide the disobedient (i.e., the defiantly disobedient and criminals) to the right path ().
Note:
(In the chain of narration, Bazan, the freed slave of Umm Hani, is a severely weak narrator.)
1:
O Muslims! When the time of death approaches any one of you, then at the time of making a bequest, there should be two just witnesses from among you Muslims present ().
2:
O you who believe! It is appropriate that, among yourselves (from among Muslims or relatives), trustworthy persons should be witnesses when death approaches any one of you and it is time to make a bequest. Let there be two such persons who are religious, whether they are from among you or from among other people of different faiths. If you are on a journey and death approaches you, and if you have doubt, then stand both of them up after the (asr) prayer, and both should swear by Allah that: "We do not wish to gain any benefit by this oath, even if it concerns a relative, nor will we conceal the testimony of Allah. If we do so, then indeed we would be among the sinners." (Thus, they should testify by swearing an oath.) Then, if it becomes known that both witnesses have committed a sin, then from among those against whom the sin was committed, two persons who are closest in relation should stand where the former two stood, and both should swear by Allah that: "Indeed, our oath is truer than their oath, and we have not transgressed in the least. If we do so, then indeed we would be among the wrongdoers." This is a closer means for them to state the matter correctly or to fear that after their oaths, other oaths may be taken in opposition to theirs. And fear Allah, and listen attentively to His command! And know that Allah does not guide the disobedient (i.e., the defiantly disobedient and criminals) to the right path ().
Note:
(In the chain of narration, Bazan, the freed slave of Umm Hani, is a severely weak narrator.)
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhi – Majlis ‘Ilmi Dar al-Da‘wah, New Delhi Edition, Page: 3059
