Tirmidhi

1:
This hadith is in the explanation of the verse of Surah Al-Baqarah:
﴿إِنِّي جَاعِلٌ فِي الأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً﴾ (Al-Baqarah: 30).

Benefits and Issues:
In this hadith, the issue of being compelled (majboor) and having free will (ikhtiyar) has been resolved.
A person being fair-skinned or dark-skinned, or having a harsh or gentle temperament,
is a matter in which he has no choice of his own; in this, he is purely compelled.
However, he does have the choice to use gentleness of temperament for the believers and harshness in opposition to the disbelievers.
Similarly, whoever possesses an element of goodness and virtue should, while expressing great gratitude to his Creator, safeguard this goodness and virtue; and whoever has the opposite condition should turn towards the Lord of Majesty and seek ability (tawfiq) from Him so that He may change his state. However, to persist in one’s bad habits and to blame destiny (taqdir) is in no way permissible.
If the meaning of destiny is compulsion (jabr), then why do these people strive so hard in their wickedness? This striving and effort can also be for goodness and virtue! If they consider their wickedness or material benefit to be the result of their own efforts, then they are also responsible for them.
Allah Ta’ala has granted every human being the ability to do good through all the blessings of life, health, well-being, understanding, wisdom, capability, and natural love for goodness; everyone should advance on the path of goodness.

Authentication of the Hadith:
The chain of narration of this hadith is authentic.
It has been declared authentic by Tirmidhi [2955], Ibn Hibban [الموارد : 2083], Hakim [262، 261/2], and Dhahabi.

Jurisprudence of the Hadith:
➊ Allah Almighty’s taking a handful from the earth is among His blessed attributes, in which belief is obligatory. However, likening it to the creation or denying this attribute altogether is forbidden. Interpreting, likening, or negating the attributes of Allah Almighty is not the way of Ahl al-Sunnah wa’l-Jama‘ah; rather, it is only the people of innovation who tread such paths, which necessarily lead to the rejection of the Book and the Sunnah.
➋ The color of human beings is due to the soil of the earth and the regions, which Allah Almighty has created.
➌ The beliefs, customs, and traditions of regions have an effect on common people.
➍ Pure (correct in creed and correct in action) people are very few.
➎ The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said:
«يا أيها الناس ! ألا إن ربكم واحد، وإن أباكم واحد، ألا لا فضل لعربي علٰي عجمي، ولا لعجمي علٰي عربي، ولا أحمر علٰي أسود، ولا أسود علٰي أحمر إلا بالتقويٰ»
“O people! Listen! Indeed, your Lord is one and your father is one. Be aware! No Arab has any superiority over a non-Arab, nor does a non-Arab have any superiority over an Arab, nor does a red (white) person have any superiority over a black person, nor does a black person have any superiority over a red (white) person, except by piety (i.e., superiority is only on the basis of piety, whether one is red (white) or black, whether Arab or non-Arab).” [مسند أحمد ج 5 ص 411 ح 23489و سنده صحيح]
➏ The ideologies of nationalism, regionalism, colorism, and (regardless of creed) patriotism, etc., are rejected because they are contrary to the Book and the Sunnah.