سنن ترمذي
Tirmidhi
كتاب القراءات عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلمChapters on Recitation
باب مَا جَاءَ أُنْزِلَ الْقُرْآنُ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍChapter: ….
Hadith 2943
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْخَلَّالُ، وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ ، قَالُوا : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ، وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدٍ الْقَارِيِّ أَخْبَرَاهُ ، أَنَّهُمَا سَمِعَا عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، يَقُولُ : مَرَرْتُ بِهِشَامِ بْنِ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ وَهُوَ يَقْرَأُ سُورَةَ الْفُرْقَانِ فِي حَيَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَاسْتَمَعْتُ قِرَاءَتَهُ ، فَإِذَا هُوَ يَقْرَأُ عَلَى حُرُوفٍ كَثِيرَةٍ ، لَمْ يُقْرِئْنِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَكِدْتُ أُسَاوِرُهُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ ، فَنَظَرْتُ حَتَّى سَلَّمَ فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ لَبَّبْتُهُ بِرِدَائِهِ ، فَقُلْتُ : مَنْ أَقْرَأَكَ هَذِهِ السُّورَةَ الَّتِي سَمِعْتُكَ تَقْرَؤُهَا ؟ فَقَالَ : أَقْرَأَنِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قُلْتُ لَهُ : كَذَبْتَ ، وَاللَّهِ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَهُوَ أَقْرَأَنِي هَذِهِ السُّورَةَ الَّتِي تَقْرَؤُهَا ، فَانْطَلَقْتُ أَقُودُهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ هَذَا يَقْرَأُ سُورَةَ الْفُرْقَانِ عَلَى حُرُوفٍ لَمْ تُقْرِئْنِيهَا وَأَنْتَ أَقْرَأْتَنِي سُورَةَ الْفُرْقَانِ ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَرْسِلْهُ يَا عُمَرُ ، اقْرَأْ يَا هِشَامُ " ، فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ الْقِرَاءَةَ الَّتِي سَمِعْتُ ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " هَكَذَا أُنْزِلَتْ " ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " اقْرَأْ يَا عُمَرُ " ، فَقَرَأْتُ بِالْقِرَاءَةِ الَّتِي أَقْرَأَنِي النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " هَكَذَا أُنْزِلَتْ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : إِنَّ هَذَا الْقُرْآنَ أُنْزِلَ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ فَاقْرَءُوا مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنْهُ " ، قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى : هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ ، وَقَدْ رَوَى مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ نَحْوَهُ ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ الْمِسْوَرَ بْنَ مَخْرَمَةَ .
´Narrated 'Umar bin Al-Khattab:` "I passed by Hisham bin Hakim bin Hizam while he was reciting Surat Al-Furqan during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). I listened to his recitation and noticed that he recited it in several different ways, which the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had not taught me. I was about to jump over him during his Salat, but waited until he said the Salam. When he had said the Salam, I strangled him with his upper-garment and said: 'Who taught you this Surah which I heard you reciting?' He said: 'The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) taught it to me.' I said to him: 'You lie! By Allah! The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) taught me this Surah which you were reciting.' I dragged him to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and said: 'O Messenger of Allah! I heard this one reciting Surat Al-Furqan in a manner different from how you taught me, and you taught me Surat Al-Furqan.' The Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'Release him O 'Umar! Recite O Hisham.' So he recited it for him as I had heard him reciting. Then the Prophet (ﷺ) said to me: 'This is how it was revealed.' Then the Prophet (ﷺ) said to me, 'Recite O 'Umar.' So I recited the recitation which the Prophet (ﷺ) taught me. The Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'This is how it was revealed.' Then the Prophet (ﷺ) said 'Indeed this Qur'an was revealed in seven modes, so recite of it what is easier for you.'"
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Dr. Abdur Rahman Freywai
Explanation:
1:
But the way you were reciting, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) did not teach me in that manner, therefore you are mistaken.
2:
There are many scholarly opinions regarding the meaning of the Qur’an being revealed upon seven ahruf (modes), but the most preferred meaning is that it refers to the pronunciation (dialect) of a single word or the use of another synonymous word, as some tribes would recite ﴿حَتّٰی حِیْنَ﴾ as ﴿عتّٰی حِیْنَ﴾ with the letter ‘ayn, and as they would recite ﴿سُکٰریٰ﴾ as ﴿سَکْرٰی﴾ or ﴿سکر﴾, and so on. Thus, whichever dialect a tribe had for a particular word, they were permitted to recite it in that way so that reciting the Qur’an would be easy for the people.
However, this does not mean that every word of the Qur’an has seven dialects or modes; in some words there are two, in some four, and in rare cases, seven dialects. In most cases, there is only one dialect. ‘Uthman (radi Allahu anhu) ended all except one dialect, that is, he compiled the Qur’an upon the language of Quraysh and abolished the rest, so that such disputes would no longer arise. May Allah reward him with goodness for Islam.
1:
But the way you were reciting, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) did not teach me in that manner, therefore you are mistaken.
2:
There are many scholarly opinions regarding the meaning of the Qur’an being revealed upon seven ahruf (modes), but the most preferred meaning is that it refers to the pronunciation (dialect) of a single word or the use of another synonymous word, as some tribes would recite ﴿حَتّٰی حِیْنَ﴾ as ﴿عتّٰی حِیْنَ﴾ with the letter ‘ayn, and as they would recite ﴿سُکٰریٰ﴾ as ﴿سَکْرٰی﴾ or ﴿سکر﴾, and so on. Thus, whichever dialect a tribe had for a particular word, they were permitted to recite it in that way so that reciting the Qur’an would be easy for the people.
However, this does not mean that every word of the Qur’an has seven dialects or modes; in some words there are two, in some four, and in rare cases, seven dialects. In most cases, there is only one dialect. ‘Uthman (radi Allahu anhu) ended all except one dialect, that is, he compiled the Qur’an upon the language of Quraysh and abolished the rest, so that such disputes would no longer arise. May Allah reward him with goodness for Islam.
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhi – Majlis ‘Ilmi Dar al-Da‘wah, New Delhi Edition, Page: 2943
Hafiz Muhammad Ameen
939. Commentary: The Noble Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was a member of the Quraysh tribe, therefore the Noble Qur’an was revealed in the dialect of Quraysh. Then, considering the difficulty faced by the tribes, the Noble Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) sought permission from Allah, the Exalted, for the Qur’an to be recited in seven modes (qira’at). After the passing of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), when Islam spread beyond Arabia into non-Arab (Ajam) lands, disputes began to arise among people due to differences in recitation. During the caliphate of Uthman (radi Allahu anhu), when the Qur’an was compiled for the second time, a group under the leadership of Zayd (radi Allahu anhu) arranged it. Uthman (radi Allahu anhu) instructed them that if you differ over anything, write it in the dialect of Quraysh, because the Qur’an was revealed in their language. Uthman (radi Allahu anhu) had the other copies containing different recitations burned. See: [صحیح البخاري ، فضائل القرآن ، حدیث : 4987]
This was so that these would not become a source of discord for non-Arabs, because while the Arabs understood the differences between the various Arabic dialects, non-Arabs would consider them as seven separate Qur’ans. Therefore, he put a stop to this. Radi Allahu anhum wa ardahum.
This was so that these would not become a source of discord for non-Arabs, because while the Arabs understood the differences between the various Arabic dialects, non-Arabs would consider them as seven separate Qur’ans. Therefore, he put a stop to this. Radi Allahu anhum wa ardahum.
Source: Sunan Nasa'i: Translation and Benefits by Shaykh Hafiz Muhammad Amin Hafizullah, Page: 939
