And Shu’bah narrated this hadith from ‘Ikrimah bin ‘Ammar, just as Yahya bin Sa‘id narrated it. It was narrated to us by Ahmad bin Hakam al-Basri, who said: It was narrated to us by Muhammad bin Bashshar, who said: It was narrated to us by Shu’bah, and Shu’bah narrated it from ‘Ikrimah bin ‘Ammar in the same way. And ‘Abdur-Rahman bin Mahdi narrated it from ‘Ikrimah bin ‘Ammar, just as Ibn al-Mubarak narrated it. In this narration, it is mentioned that upon the third sneeze, the Prophet said: “You have caught a cold.” It was narrated to me by Ishaq bin Mansur, who said: It was narrated to me by ‘Abdur-Rahman bin Mahdi .
´Narrated Iyas bin Salamah:` from his father: "A man sneezed in the presence of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) while I was present, so the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Yarhamukallah (May Allah have mercy upon you).' Then he sneezed a second and third time. So the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "This man is suffering from a cold.'"
Hadith Referenceسنن ترمذي / كتاب الأدب عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم / 2743
Salamah bin al-Akwa said: when a man sneezed beside the prophet ﷺ, he said to him: Allah have mercy on you, but when he sneezed again, he said: The man has a cold in the head.
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
Benefits and Issues: ➊ It is obligatory to respond to the first sneeze. ➋ After that, it is not obligatory, as is also indicated by Sahih Muslim. See: (Sahih Muslim, Kitab al-Zuhd, Hadith: 2993)
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 5037