Tirmidhi

Hadith Commentary:

“Mazlimah” refers to every act of oppression which the oppressed person endures with patience, whether it is an offense against life or property—the term “mazlimah” applies to all such cases. If someone forcibly seizes another’s wealth, this too is a mazlimah.

The Noble Messenger (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) instructed that oppressors should settle their injustices in this world itself: they should seek forgiveness from the oppressed and fulfill their rights. Otherwise, after death, full retribution will be exacted from them.

Hadith Commentary:
(1)
If a person usurps someone’s right, and later seeks forgiveness and reconciles with him, then the one who seeks forgiveness will be pardoned in this world and the Hereafter, even if, at the time of seeking forgiveness, he does not specify the nature of the wrongdoing or the amount of the right.
Some scholars are of the opinion that forgiveness will only be valid if he clarifies the wrongdoing.
Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has not made any definitive ruling on this matter in the chapter heading, but the application of forgiveness in the hadith indicates that whether the amount is specified or not, both ways are correct when forgiveness is granted.

(2)
Our inclination is that rights are of two types:
Moral rights, for example:
Backbiting and fault-finding, etc.
For this type of right, clarification is not necessary when seeking forgiveness, because sometimes clarification can worsen the matter.
The second type is financial rights; if the rightful owner demands it, then clarification should be made, otherwise, they can be kept general, and after forgiveness, there will be no accountability for it before Allah.

(3)
It is stated in the Noble Qur’an:
﴿وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَىٰ﴾ “And no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another.” ()
This Qur’anic text is not contrary to the aforementioned hadith, because the evil deeds of the oppressed that are placed upon the oppressor are, in reality, the result of the oppressor’s own actions.
(Fath al-Bari: 5/127)

Hadith Commentary:
The rights of the servants (huquq al-‘ibad) will by no means be forgiven until the individuals themselves fulfill those rights.

Hadith Commentary:
The matter of the rights of people (huquq al-‘ibad) is very serious; under no circumstances will it be forgiven. If the person entitled to the right forgives, that is another matter, but otherwise, retribution will be taken, as is mentioned in the hadith:

“If any person of Hell has a right over any person of Paradise, the people of Paradise will not be allowed to enter Paradise until that right is fulfilled. Even if someone slapped another without reason, retribution will be taken for that as well.”

The noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum) asked:
“O Messenger of Allah! We will go there naked and barefoot, so how will retribution be taken?” He (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) replied:

“Accounts will be settled through bad deeds and good deeds.” (Musnad Ahmad: 3/495)

In any case, a person should be extremely sensitive regarding the matter of the rights of people (huquq al-‘ibad).
Whenever wronging or oppressing another, one must keep this hadith in mind.
And Allah is the One whose help is sought.