سنن ترمذي
Tirmidhi
كتاب الصلاةThe Book on Salat (Prayer)
باب مَا جَاءَ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُصَلِّي وَحْدَهُ ثُمَّ يُدْرِكُ الْجَمَاعَةَChapter: What Has Been Related About The Man Who Performs Salat Alone, Then He Comes Upon A Congregation
Hadith 219
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَعْلَى بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، حَدَّثَنَا جَابِرُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ الْعَامِرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ : شَهِدْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَجَّتَهُ ، فَصَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ فِي مَسْجِدِ الْخَيْفِ ، قَالَ : فَلَمَّا قَضَى صَلَاتَهُ وَانْحَرَفَ ، إِذَا هُوَ بِرَجُلَيْنِ فِي أُخْرَى الْقَوْمِ لَمْ يُصَلِّيَا مَعَهُ . فَقَالَ : " عَلَيَّ بِهِمَا " فَجِيءَ بِهِمَا تُرْعَدُ فَرَائِصُهُمَا ، فَقَالَ : " مَا مَنَعَكُمَا أَنْ تُصَلِّيَا مَعَنَا ؟ " فَقَالَا : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا كُنَّا قَدْ صَلَّيْنَا فِي رِحَالِنَا ، قَالَ : " فَلَا تَفْعَلَا إِذَا صَلَّيْتُمَا فِي رِحَالِكُمَا ، ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُمَا مَسْجِدَ جَمَاعَةٍ فَصَلِّيَا مَعَهُمْ ، فَإِنَّهَا لَكُمَا نَافِلَةٌ " ، قَالَ : وَفِي الْبَاب عَنْ مِحْجَنٍ الدِّيلِيِّ ، وَيَزِيدَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ ، قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى : حَدِيثُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ ، وَبِهِ يَقُولُ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ ، الشَّافِعِيُّ , وَأَحْمَدُ , وَإِسْحَاق ، قَالُوا : إِذَا صَلَّى الرَّجُلُ وَحْدَهُ ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَ الْجَمَاعَةَ ، فَإِنَّهُ يُعِيدُ الصَّلَوَاتِ كُلَّهَا فِي الْجَمَاعَةِ ، وَإِذَا صَلَّى الرَّجُلُ الْمَغْرِبَ وَحْدَهُ ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَ الْجَمَاعَةَ ، قَالُوا : فَإِنَّهُ يُصَلِّيهَا مَعَهُمْ وَيَشْفَعُ بِرَكْعَةٍ ، وَالَّتِي صَلَّى وَحْدَهُ هِيَ الْمَكْتُوبَةُ عِنْدَهُمْ .
´Jabir hin Yazid hin Al-Aswad [Al-Amir] narrated that his father said:` "I attended Hajj with the Prophet. I prayed the Subh (Fajr) prayer with him in Masjid AI-Khaif." He said: "When the Prophet finished, he turned (from the Qiblah) and saw two men at the back of the people who had not prayed with him. He said, 'Bring them to me.' So I brought then while they were shuddering with fear. He said: 'What prevented you from praying with us?" They said: 'O Messenger of Allah!' We prayed at our camp.' So he said: 'Do not do that; when you pray in your camp then you come to a Masjid with a congregation, then pray with them. That will be a voluntary prayer for you.'"
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Dr. Abdur Rahman Freywai
1:
Some people have restricted this to Zuhr and Isha, and they say that it is not permissible to perform supererogatory (nafl) prayers after Fajr and Asr, and if Maghrib is repeated, it will become even (shaf‘), but this is not correct because this ruling is general and includes all prayers.
Some people have restricted this to Zuhr and Isha, and they say that it is not permissible to perform supererogatory (nafl) prayers after Fajr and Asr, and if Maghrib is repeated, it will become even (shaf‘), but this is not correct because this ruling is general and includes all prayers.
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhi – Majlis ‘Ilmi Dar al-Da‘wah, New Delhi Edition, Page: 219
Hafiz Muhammad Ameen
859. Commentary:
➊ The Masjid Khaif is in Mina, and this incident took place during the Farewell Pilgrimage (Hajjat al-Wada‘). There is no possibility of it being abrogated.
➋ "He was trembling." There was a natural awe and majesty in the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam). Whoever saw him for the first time, or saw him only occasionally, would become overawed. As for this individual, he had not only been summoned but was actually brought in, so in addition to being overawed, it was quite likely for him to be fearful as well.
➌ In this narration, it is explicitly stated regarding the Fajr prayer that if someone who prayed alone finds the congregation, he should pray again. Therefore, to leave aside this explicit narration and instead deduce from a general narration is contrary to fairness.
➍ "It will become a voluntary (nafl) prayer." Which one? There is a difference of opinion regarding this, and for this reason, the scholars have said: This is left to Allah; He makes obligatory (fard) whom He wills and voluntary whom He wills. However, it is apparent that the first prayer, when it was performed, was done with the intention of obligation (fard), so the second prayer should be considered voluntary (nafl). This position is supported by the light of the ahadith. And Allah knows best.
➊ The Masjid Khaif is in Mina, and this incident took place during the Farewell Pilgrimage (Hajjat al-Wada‘). There is no possibility of it being abrogated.
➋ "He was trembling." There was a natural awe and majesty in the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam). Whoever saw him for the first time, or saw him only occasionally, would become overawed. As for this individual, he had not only been summoned but was actually brought in, so in addition to being overawed, it was quite likely for him to be fearful as well.
➌ In this narration, it is explicitly stated regarding the Fajr prayer that if someone who prayed alone finds the congregation, he should pray again. Therefore, to leave aside this explicit narration and instead deduce from a general narration is contrary to fairness.
➍ "It will become a voluntary (nafl) prayer." Which one? There is a difference of opinion regarding this, and for this reason, the scholars have said: This is left to Allah; He makes obligatory (fard) whom He wills and voluntary whom He wills. However, it is apparent that the first prayer, when it was performed, was done with the intention of obligation (fard), so the second prayer should be considered voluntary (nafl). This position is supported by the light of the ahadith. And Allah knows best.
Source: Sunan Nasa'i: Translation and Benefits by Shaykh Hafiz Muhammad Amin Hafizullah, Page: 859
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
575. Commentary:
➊ Although the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was extremely humble, he was also exceedingly awe-inspiring and majestic. And the sole reason for this was the piety (taqwa) of Allah, the Exalted, and His fear (khashyah).
➋ Whoever has performed the prayer alone and then finds a congregation, he should join the imam and perform the prayer again.
➌ No matter which prayer it is, the apparent wording of the hadith indicates permission for this.
➍ It is understood from this that, due to a legal (shar‘i) reason, prayer can be performed after Fajr and ‘Asr.
➎ It is also indicated here that the prayer of a person performed alone is valid, even though performing it in congregation is necessary.
➏ It is also established that the first prayer will be obligatory (fard) and the second will be supererogatory (nafl).
➊ Although the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was extremely humble, he was also exceedingly awe-inspiring and majestic. And the sole reason for this was the piety (taqwa) of Allah, the Exalted, and His fear (khashyah).
➋ Whoever has performed the prayer alone and then finds a congregation, he should join the imam and perform the prayer again.
➌ No matter which prayer it is, the apparent wording of the hadith indicates permission for this.
➍ It is understood from this that, due to a legal (shar‘i) reason, prayer can be performed after Fajr and ‘Asr.
➎ It is also indicated here that the prayer of a person performed alone is valid, even though performing it in congregation is necessary.
➏ It is also established that the first prayer will be obligatory (fard) and the second will be supererogatory (nafl).
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 575
Shaykh Safi ur-Rahman Mubarakpuri
Takhrij:
«أخرجه أبوداود، الصلاة، باب فيمن صلي في منزله ثم أدرك...، حديث:575، والترمذي، الصلاة، حديث:219، والنسائي، الإمامة، حديث:859، وابن حبان (الإحسان):3 /50، حديث:1563.»©
Explanation:
From this hadith, it is understood that if a person has already performed the prayer and then gets the opportunity to join the congregational prayer (jama‘ah), he should join the congregation, regardless of which prayer it is. This is the opinion of Imam Shafi‘i rahimahullah. In contrast, according to Imam Abu Hanifah rahimahullah, one may do so only in the Dhuhr and ‘Isha prayers, not in the others. However, since the evidence for repeating the prayer is this very hadith, then why should one not repeat the other prayers as well? Therefore, the position of Imam Shafi‘i rahimahullah is correct.
©
Hadith Narrator:
«حضرت یزید بن اسود رضی اللہ عنہ » His kunyah is Abu Jabir. He was from the Suwai‘ tribe of ‘Amir. His tribe had an alliance with the Quraysh. He is a well-known Companion (sahabi). He settled in Ta’if. Only this one hadith is narrated from him. His son Jabir rahimahullah narrated it from him.
«أخرجه أبوداود، الصلاة، باب فيمن صلي في منزله ثم أدرك...، حديث:575، والترمذي، الصلاة، حديث:219، والنسائي، الإمامة، حديث:859، وابن حبان (الإحسان):3 /50، حديث:1563.»©
Explanation:
From this hadith, it is understood that if a person has already performed the prayer and then gets the opportunity to join the congregational prayer (jama‘ah), he should join the congregation, regardless of which prayer it is. This is the opinion of Imam Shafi‘i rahimahullah. In contrast, according to Imam Abu Hanifah rahimahullah, one may do so only in the Dhuhr and ‘Isha prayers, not in the others. However, since the evidence for repeating the prayer is this very hadith, then why should one not repeat the other prayers as well? Therefore, the position of Imam Shafi‘i rahimahullah is correct.
©
Hadith Narrator:
«حضرت یزید بن اسود رضی اللہ عنہ » His kunyah is Abu Jabir. He was from the Suwai‘ tribe of ‘Amir. His tribe had an alliance with the Quraysh. He is a well-known Companion (sahabi). He settled in Ta’if. Only this one hadith is narrated from him. His son Jabir rahimahullah narrated it from him.
Source: Bulugh al-Maram: Commentary by Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri, Page: 319
