Tirmidhi

Explanation:
1:
From this hadith, it is understood that writing verses and surahs on tablets and on the bones of slaughtered animals is permissible, and that it is allowed to benefit from the bones of slaughtered animals.

Hadith Commentary:
➊
In this hadith, the phrase ﴿غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ﴾ occurs after "fi sabilillah" (in the way of Allah), whereas in the Noble Qur'an it is mentioned after ﴿مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾.
In one narration of Sahih al-Bukhari, the verse is recorded in accordance with the Qur'an.
(Sahih al-Bukhari, al-Tafsir, Hadith: 4594)
It is possible that in the aforementioned narrations, this is not as recitation but rather in the sense of explanation (tafsir).
And Allah knows best.

➋
In these ahadith, there is mention of Zayd ibn Thabit (radi Allahu anhu) that he used to write down the revelation for the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), whereas there were other scribes of revelation as well, because Zayd ibn Thabit (radi Allahu anhu) embraced Islam after the Hijrah, and the process of revelation had already begun before that. In any case, besides him, the names of the Rightly Guided Caliphs (radi Allahu anhum ajma'in), Zubayr ibn al-Awwam (radi Allahu anhu), Hanzalah ibn Rabi' (radi Allahu anhu), Abdullah ibn Arqam (radi Allahu anhu), and Abdullah ibn Rawahah (radi Allahu anhu) are also found among the scribes of revelation.
(Fath al-Bari: 9/29)

Hadith Commentary:
The translation of the verse is precisely this: Except for those who are excused, the believers who remain behind from jihad and those who participate in jihad are not equal.
The rank of those who strive in the path of Allah (mujahideen fi sabilillah) is very lofty.

Hadith Commentary:
➊
In the previous verse, it was mentioned that those who strive (in jihad) and those who remain seated at home cannot be equal. In that, there was no clarification regarding those who are excused. Then, when the excused individuals presented their excuse, additional words were revealed, through which the excused were reassured that their rank is not less than that of the mujahideen, as is mentioned in another hadith. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said:
“There are some people in Madinah that whenever you travel or cross any valley, they are with you.”
The noble companions (radi Allahu anhum ajma'in) asked:
“Even though they are in Madinah?” He (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) replied:
“Yes, but these are the people whom an excuse has held back.”
Thus, Allah, the Exalted, accepted the excuse of Abdullah ibn Umm Maktum (radi Allahu anhu), but despite this concession, his zeal for jihad was such that, even though he was blind, he endured hardship and participated in many expeditions (ghazawat).

➋
From the first hadith, it is understood that Ibn Umm Maktum (radi Allahu anhu) came at a time when the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was having the verse written down, whereas in the last hadith it is mentioned that he was sitting behind him. There is no contradiction between these, because Ibn Umm Maktum (radi Allahu anhu) was sitting behind him, and when the scribe of revelation, Zayd ibn Thabit (radi Allahu anhu), was called for writing, at that time he came forward and presented his excuse, saying, “I am blind.”
(Sahih al-Bukhari, al-Maghazi, Hadith: 4423)

Hadith Commentary:
By which those who have an excuse are exempted.
In the verse, there was mention of those who strive (mujahideen) and those who remain seated, that they cannot be equal, except for those who have an excuse—they are pardoned.

Hadith Commentary:
1.
In the previous verse, it was mentioned that those who strive (in jihad) and those who remain seated at home cannot be equal. In that, there was no clarification regarding those who are excused. Then, when the excused individuals presented their excuse, additional words were revealed, through which the excused were reassured that their rank is not less than that of the mujahideen, as is mentioned in another hadith. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said:
“There are some people in Madinah that whenever you travel or cross any valley, they are with you.”
The noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum ajma'in) asked:
“Even though they are in Madinah?” He (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) replied:
“Yes, but these are the people whom an excuse has held back.”
Thus, Allah Ta’ala accepted the excuse of Abdullah ibn Umm Maktum (radi Allahu anhu), but despite this concession, his zeal for jihad was such that, even though he was blind, he endured hardship and participated in many expeditions (ghazawat).

2.
From the first hadith, it is understood that Ibn Umm Maktum (radi Allahu anhu) came at a time when the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was having the verse written down, whereas in the last hadith it is mentioned that he was sitting behind him. There is no contradiction between the two, because Ibn Umm Maktum (radi Allahu anhu) was sitting behind him, and when the scribe of revelation, Zayd ibn Thabit (radi Allahu anhu), was called for writing, at that time he came forward and presented his excuse, saying, “I am blind.”
(Sahih al-Bukhari, al-Maghazi, Hadith: 4423)

Hadith Commentary:
In that era, since paper was not abundant, writing would be done on bones or many other objects as well, using special methods so that it could be read clearly, and the writing would also last for a long time.
Here, mention is made of a verse being written on such a bone.
This verse has exempted the blind and other disabled individuals from the obligation of jihad.
In an era when, as is the case nowadays, the conditions for jihad are not fully present, the Muslims of that time will also be counted among the excused ones. However, such a period will be called an era of weakness of Islam, as is evident from the hadith "Islam began as something strange and will return to being strange."

Explanation:
1:
"The believers who strive in the way of Allah with their lives and wealth are not equal to those who sit back" (an-Nisa: 95). The subsequent portion of the verse makes an exception for those who are excused among the "ones who sit back."

Urdu marginal note:
"The shoulder bone"—in that era, such items were used for writing. Since the shoulder bone is thin, it was suitable for writing. By "tablet" (lawh) is meant a slate of stone, iron, or wood. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) himself did not know how to write. He would have the scribe Companions (radi Allahu anhum) write for him. He himself and the other Companions (radi Allahu anhum) would memorize (the material) orally.