سنن ترمذي
Tirmidhi
كتاب السير عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلمThe Book on Military Expeditions
باب مَا جَاءَ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْقِتَالِChapter: ….
Hadith 1617
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ : كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا بَعَثَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى جَيْشٍ ، أَوْصَاهُ فِي خَاصَّةِ نَفْسِهِ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ خَيْرًا ، وَقَالَ : " اغْزُوا بِسْمِ اللَّهِ ، وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ قَاتِلُوا مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ ، وَلَا تَغُلُّوا ، وَلَا تَغْدِرُوا ، وَلَا تُمَثِّلُوا ، وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا وَلِيدًا ، فَإِذَا لَقِيتَ عَدُوَّكَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ، فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى إِحْدَى ثَلَاثِ خِصَالٍ أَوْ خِلَالٍ ، أَيَّتُهَا أَجَابُوكَ فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ وَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ وَالتَّحَوُّلِ مِنْ دَارِهِمْ إِلَى دَارِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ ، وَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ إِنْ فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ ، فَإِنَّ لَهُمْ مَا لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَعَلَيْهِمْ مَا عَلَى الْمُهَاجِرِينَ ، وَإِنْ أَبَوْا أَنْ يَتَحَوَّلُوا ، فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ يَكُونُوا كَأَعْرَابِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَجْرِي عَلَيْهِمْ مَا يَجْرِي عَلَى الْأَعْرَابِ ، لَيْسَ لَهُمْ فِي الْغَنِيمَةِ وَالْفَيْءِ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا ، فَإِنْ أَبَوْا ، فَاسْتَعِنْ بِاللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَقَاتِلْهُمْ ، وَإِذَا حَاصَرْتَ حِصْنًا فَأَرَادُوكَ أَنْ تَجْعَلَ لَهُمْ ذِمَّةَ اللَّهِ وَذِمَّةَ نَبِيِّهِ ، فَلَا تَجْعَلْ لَهُمْ ذِمَّةَ اللَّهِ وَلَا ذِمَّةَ نَبِيِّهِ ، وَاجْعَلْ لَهُمْ ذِمَّتَكَ وَذِمَمَ أَصْحَابِكَ ، لِأَنَّكُمْ إِنْ تَخْفِرُوا ذِمَّتَكُمْ وَذِمَمَ أَصْحَابِكُمْ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ تَخْفِرُوا ذِمَّةَ اللَّهِ وَذِمَّةَ رَسُولِهِ ، وَإِذَا حَاصَرْتَ أَهْلَ حِصْنٍ فَأَرَادُوكَ أَنْ تُنْزِلَهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِ اللَّهِ ، فَلَا تُنْزِلُوهُمْ ، وَلَكِنْ أَنْزِلْهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِكَ ، فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَدْرِي أَتُصِيبُ حُكْمَ اللَّهِ فِيهِمْ أَمْ لَا أَوْ نَحْوَ هَذَا " ، قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى : وَفِي الْبَاب ، عَنْ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ مُقَرِّنٍ ، وَحَدِيثُ بُرَيْدَةَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ ،
Buraidah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that whenever the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) appointed a commander over an army, he would especially advise him to fear Allah regarding his own self and to do good to the Muslims who were with him. After that, he would say: Fight in the name of Allah and in His path, fight those who disbelieve in Allah, do not embezzle from the spoils of war, do not break covenants, do not mutilate, do not kill children. And when you face your polytheist enemies, invite them to three things; whichever of them they accept, accept it from them and refrain from fighting them: Invite them to Islam and to migrate from their homeland to the land of the emigrants, and inform them that if they do so, they will have the same rights as the emigrants and the same responsibilities as the emigrants. But if they refuse to migrate, inform them that they will be like the Bedouin Muslims, and the same rulings will apply to them as apply to the Bedouin Muslims: they will have no share in the spoils of war or in the fay’ unless they fight alongside the Muslims. If they refuse to do this, then seek Allah’s help against them and begin to fight them. When you besiege a fortress and they want you to grant them protection in the name of Allah and His Prophet, do not grant them the protection of Allah and His Prophet, but grant them your own and your companions’ protection (and do not break it), for if you break your own and your companions’ protection, it is less serious than breaking the protection of Allah and His Messenger. And when you besiege the people of a fortress and they want you to refer their case to the judgment of Allah, do not refer it to the judgment of Allah, but refer it to your own judgment, for you do not know whether you will be able to reach the judgment of Allah concerning them or not.” He also said some other things in this regard __QUR_N__, __XREF_N__, __REF_N__.
Imam Tirmidhi says:
1- The hadith of Buraidah is Hasan Sahih (good and authentic),
2- In this chapter, there is also a narration from Nu’man bin Muqarrin (may Allah be pleased with him).
Imam Tirmidhi says:
1- The hadith of Buraidah is Hasan Sahih (good and authentic),
2- In this chapter, there is also a narration from Nu’man bin Muqarrin (may Allah be pleased with him).
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ، نَحْوَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ : " فَإِنْ أَبَوْا ، فَخُذْ مِنْهُمُ الْجِزْيَةَ ، فَإِنْ أَبَوْا ، فَاسْتَعِنْ بِاللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ " ، قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى : هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ وَكِيعٌ ، وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ ، وَرَوَى غَيْرُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بَشَّارٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ ، وَذَكَرَ فِيهِ أَمْرَ الْجِزْيَةِ .
A similar hadith is narrated from Buraidah (may Allah be pleased with him) through this chain as well. In it, there is this addition: «فإن أبوا فخذ منهم الجزية فإن أبوا فاستعن بالله عليهم» that is, "If they refuse to accept Islam, then take jizyah from them. Then if they also refuse to pay jizyah, seek Allah's help to gain victory over them." Waki‘ and several others have narrated from Sufyan in this manner, and except for Muhammad ibn Bashshar, others have narrated from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Mahdi, and in it the command regarding jizyah is mentioned.
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Dr. Abdur Rahman Freywai
Explanation: 1؎ :
That is, if the disbelievers and polytheists are willing to surrender themselves to the commander of the army unconditionally, without any specific stipulation or firm covenant, then that is preferable.
Otherwise, if they wish to negotiate with the commander only according to Allah’s command, then the commander should not do so,
because he does not know what Allah has decreed regarding them.
This hadith comprises some of the most reliable principles of jihad, which become clear with even a little reflection and contemplation.
It is far better to adopt the explicit texts present in the hadith absolutely, rather than engaging in debate and disputation.
That is, if the disbelievers and polytheists are willing to surrender themselves to the commander of the army unconditionally, without any specific stipulation or firm covenant, then that is preferable.
Otherwise, if they wish to negotiate with the commander only according to Allah’s command, then the commander should not do so,
because he does not know what Allah has decreed regarding them.
This hadith comprises some of the most reliable principles of jihad, which become clear with even a little reflection and contemplation.
It is far better to adopt the explicit texts present in the hadith absolutely, rather than engaging in debate and disputation.
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhi – Majlis ‘Ilmi Dar al-Da‘wah, New Delhi Edition, Page: 1617
Shaykh Dr. Abdur Rahman Freywai
Explanation:
1:
To mutilate the dead by cutting off the nose, ears, etc., and thereby disfiguring the face is called "muthlah" (mutilation).
2:
The complete hadith is found in the relevant chapter of Sahih Muslim.
1:
To mutilate the dead by cutting off the nose, ears, etc., and thereby disfiguring the face is called "muthlah" (mutilation).
2:
The complete hadith is found in the relevant chapter of Sahih Muslim.
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhi – Majlis ‘Ilmi Dar al-Da‘wah, New Delhi Edition, Page: 1408
