سنن ترمذي
Tirmidhi
كتاب السير عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلمThe Book on Military Expeditions
باب مَا جَاءَ فِي الدَّعْوَةِ قَبْلَ الْقِتَالِChapter: What Has Been Related About Calling (To Islam) Before Fighting
Hadith 1548
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْبَخْتَرِيِّ " أَنَّ جَيْشًا مِنْ جُيُوشِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَانَ أَمِيرَهُمْ سَلْمَانُ الْفَارِسِيُّ حَاصَرُوا قَصْرًا مِنْ قُصُورِ فَارِسَ ، فَقَالُوا : يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، أَلَا نَنْهَدُ إِلَيْهِمْ ؟ قَالَ : دَعُونِي أَدْعُهُمْ كَمَا سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَدْعُوهُمْ ، فَأَتَاهُمْ سَلْمَانُ ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ : إِنَّمَا أَنَا رَجُلٌ مِنْكُمْ فَارِسِيٌّ ، تَرَوْنَ الْعَرَبَ يُطِيعُونَنِي ، فَإِنْ أَسْلَمْتُمْ ، فَلَكُمْ مِثْلُ الَّذِي لَنَا وَعَلَيْكُمْ مِثْلُ الَّذِي عَلَيْنَا ، وَإِنْ أَبَيْتُمْ إِلَّا دِينَكُمْ ، تَرَكْنَاكُمْ عَلَيْهِ ، وَأَعْطُونَا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَأَنْتُمْ صَاغِرُونَ ، قَالَ : وَرَطَنَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالْفَارِسِيَّةِ : وَأَنْتُمْ غَيْرُ مَحْمُودِينَ ، وَإِنْ أَبَيْتُمْ ، نَابَذْنَاكُمْ عَلَى سَوَاءٍ ، قَالُوا : مَا نَحْنُ بِالَّذِي نُعْطِي الْجِزْيَةَ ، وَلَكِنَّا نُقَاتِلُكُمْ ، فَقَالُوا : يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، أَلَا نَنْهَدُ إِلَيْهِمْ ؟ قَالَ : لَا ، فَدَعَاهُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ إِلَى مِثْلِ هَذَا ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : انْهَدُوا إِلَيْهِمْ ، قَالَ : فَنَهَدْنَا إِلَيْهِمْ ، فَفَتَحْنَا ذَلِكَ الْقَصْرَ ، قَالَ : وَفِي الْبَاب ، عَنْ بُرَيْدَةَ ، وَالنُّعْمَانِ بْنِ مُقَرِّنٍ ، وَابْنِ عُمَرَ ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، وَحَدِيثُ سَلْمَانَ ، حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ لَا نَعْرِفُهُ إِلَّا مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ ، وسَمِعْت مُحَمَّدًا ، يَقُولُ : أَبُو الْبَخْتَرِيِّ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ سَلْمَانَ ، لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ عَلِيًّا ، وَسَلْمَانُ مَاتَ قَبْلَ عَلِيٍّ ، وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ إِلَى هَذَا ، وَرَأَوْا أَنْ يُدْعَوْا قَبْلَ الْقِتَالِ ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ إِسْحَاق بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، قَالَ : إِنْ تُقُدِّمَ إِلَيْهِمْ فِي الدَّعْوَةِ فَحَسَنٌ ، يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ أَهْيَبَ ، وقَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ : لَا دَعْوَةَ الْيَوْمَ ، وقَالَ أَحْمَدُ : لَا أَعْرِفُ الْيَوْمَ أَحَدًا يُدْعَى ، وقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ : لَا يُقَاتَلُ الْعَدُوُّ حَتَّى يُدْعَوْا ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْجَلُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ ، فَقَدْ بَلَغَتْهُمُ الدَّعْوَةُ .
´Narrated Abu Al-Bakhtari:` "An Army from the armies of the Muslims, whose commander was Salman Al-Farisi, besieged one of the Persian castles. They said: 'O Abu 'Abdullah! Should we charge them?' He said: 'Leave me to call them (to Islam) as I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) call them.' So Salman went to them and said: 'I am only a man from among you, a Persian, and you see that the Arabs obey me. If you become Muslims then you will have the likes of what we have, and from you will be required that which is required from us. If you refuse, and keep your religion, then we will leave you to it, and you will give us the Jizyah from your hands while you are submissive.' He said to them in Persian: 'And you are other than praiseworthy and if you refuse then we will equally resist you.' They said: 'We will not give you the Jizyah, we will fight you instead.' So they said: 'O Abu 'Abdullah! Should we charge them?' He said: 'No.'" He said: "So for three days he called them to the same (things), and then he said: 'Charge them.'" He said: "So we charged them, and we conquered the castle."
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Dr. Abdur Rahman Freywai
Explanation:
1:
That is, these disbelievers should first be invited to Islam; if they do not accept this, then they should be asked to pay the jizyah (tax). If they do not accept this either, then there is no option left except to attack.
2:
Jizyah is a fixed amount that is taken annually from such non-Muslims who reside in an Islamic state. In return, the Islamic state assumes the responsibility for the protection of their lives, wealth, and honor.
Note:
(In the chain of narration, Abu’l-Bakhtari did not meet Salman al-Farisi radi Allahu anhu, therefore there is a break (inqita’) in the chain. Also, ‘Ata ibn al-Sa’ib became confused (mukhtalit) in his later years. However, the offering of these three options to the disbelievers before fighting is established from the hadith of Buraydah radi Allahu anhu; see: al-Irwa’ no. 1247)
1:
That is, these disbelievers should first be invited to Islam; if they do not accept this, then they should be asked to pay the jizyah (tax). If they do not accept this either, then there is no option left except to attack.
2:
Jizyah is a fixed amount that is taken annually from such non-Muslims who reside in an Islamic state. In return, the Islamic state assumes the responsibility for the protection of their lives, wealth, and honor.
Note:
(In the chain of narration, Abu’l-Bakhtari did not meet Salman al-Farisi radi Allahu anhu, therefore there is a break (inqita’) in the chain. Also, ‘Ata ibn al-Sa’ib became confused (mukhtalit) in his later years. However, the offering of these three options to the disbelievers before fighting is established from the hadith of Buraydah radi Allahu anhu; see: al-Irwa’ no. 1247)
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhi – Majlis ‘Ilmi Dar al-Da‘wah, New Delhi Edition, Page: 1548
