سنن ترمذي
Tirmidhi
كتاب الديات عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلمThe Book on Blood Money
باب مَا جَاءَ لاَ يُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِرٍChapter: What Has Been Related About: The Muslim Is Not Killed For The Disbeliever
Hadith 1412
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ , حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ , أَنْبَأَنَا مُطَرِّفٌ , عَنْ الشَّعْبِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جُحَيْفَةَ، قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِعَلِيٍّ : يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ هَلْ عِنْدَكُمْ سَوْدَاءُ فِي بَيْضَاءَ لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ , قَالَ : " لَا , وَالَّذِي فَلَقَ الْحَبَّةَ , وَبَرَأَ النَّسَمَةَ , مَا عَلِمْتُهُ إِلَّا فَهْمًا يُعْطِيهِ اللَّهُ رَجُلًا فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَمَا فِي الصَّحِيفَةِ " , قُلْتُ : وَمَا فِي الصَّحِيفَةِ ؟ قَالَ : " الْعَقْلُ , وَفِكَاكُ الْأَسِيرِ , وَأَنْ لَا يُقْتَلَ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ " . قَالَ : وَفِي الْبَاب , عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو , قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى : حَدِيثُ عَلِيٍّ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ , وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ , وَهُوَ قَوْلُ : سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ , وَمَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ , وَالشَّافِعِيِّ , وَأَحْمَدَ , وَإِسْحَاق , قَالُوا : لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ , وقَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ : يُقْتَلُ الْمُسْلِمُ بِالْمُعَاهِدِ , وَالْقَوْلُ الْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ .
´Abu Juhaifah said:` "I said to 'Ali: O Commander of the Believers! Do you have anything written that is not in Allah's Book?' He said: 'By the One Who splits the seed and creates the soul, I have not learned from it except what understanding of the Qur'an Allah gives to a man, and what is in this sheet of paper.' I said: 'What is in the paper?' He said: 'It is the 'Aql, the (ransom for) release of captives, and the judgement that no believer is killed for a disbeliever.'"
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Dr. Abdur Rahman Freywai
English Commentary:
Explanation:
1:
Because Abu Juhaifah asked Ali radi Allahu anhu this question, some Shia claim that the Ahl al-Bayt, especially Ali radi Allahu anhu, possessed certain teachings of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam that were unknown to others. A similar question was also asked of Ali radi Allahu anhu by Qays ibn ‘Abadah and Ash’ath al-Nakha’i; this is mentioned in Sunan al-Nasa’i.
2:
This command of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam is general for every disbeliever, whether he is a harbi (enemy combatant) or a dhimmi (non-Muslim under Muslim protection). Therefore, a believer will not be killed in retribution (qisas) for a disbeliever. There is a hadith in which the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam ordered the killing of a Muslim in retaliation for a dhimmi, but this hadith is weak. Even if its authenticity were to be established, it would be considered abrogated, and the narration (la yuqtalu Muslimun bi-Kafir) would be its abrogator, because this statement of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam is from the year of the conquest of Makkah, whereas the narration regarding the dhimmi is from before that.
Explanation:
1:
Because Abu Juhaifah asked Ali radi Allahu anhu this question, some Shia claim that the Ahl al-Bayt, especially Ali radi Allahu anhu, possessed certain teachings of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam that were unknown to others. A similar question was also asked of Ali radi Allahu anhu by Qays ibn ‘Abadah and Ash’ath al-Nakha’i; this is mentioned in Sunan al-Nasa’i.
2:
This command of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam is general for every disbeliever, whether he is a harbi (enemy combatant) or a dhimmi (non-Muslim under Muslim protection). Therefore, a believer will not be killed in retribution (qisas) for a disbeliever. There is a hadith in which the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam ordered the killing of a Muslim in retaliation for a dhimmi, but this hadith is weak. Even if its authenticity were to be established, it would be considered abrogated, and the narration (la yuqtalu Muslimun bi-Kafir) would be its abrogator, because this statement of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam is from the year of the conquest of Makkah, whereas the narration regarding the dhimmi is from before that.
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhi – Majlis ‘Ilmi Dar al-Da‘wah, New Delhi Edition, Page: 1412
