Tirmidhi

Explanation:
1:
A major sin (kabirah) is that for which a severe warning has been mentioned in the Noble Qur’an or the Noble Hadith.

2:
There are many other major sins as well; here, only a few have been mentioned according to the relevance of the context, or the purpose is to indicate that these few mentioned sins are the most dangerous among the major sins. The reason the author has mentioned this hadith in the Book of Transactions (Kitab al-Buyu‘) is to show that lying in buying and selling carries the same reprehensibility as it does in general dealings. A believing trader should avoid it.

Hadith Commentary:
(1)
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) has, considering different circumstances and individuals, declared various sins to be the gravest of the major sins (akbar al-kabair). In the aforementioned ahadith, disobedience to parents has also been declared a very great sin. Since, in the apparent sense, parents are the cause of a child's existence, Allah the Exalted has mentioned the rights of parents alongside His own right, and has described the violation of their rights as a grave sin similar to the violation of His own right. Thus, in another hadith, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said:
"On the Day of Resurrection, Allah the Exalted will not look with mercy at three types of people: the one who is disobedient to his parents, the habitual drunkard, and the cuckold (dayyuth)."
He defined the dayyuth as the one who, with a cold heart, tolerates indecency and lack of honor in his household.
(Musnad Ahmad: 128/2)

(2)
The mother endures more hardship and difficulty in raising the child, and due to her tender-heartedness, she cannot exert pressure on her children; therefore, special emphasis has been placed on forbidding disobedience to her. Among us, some people think that by giving cash money, they have fulfilled the rights of their parents, but this is not correct. If one lives far from them, then keeping in contact with them by phone, inquiring about their well-being, visiting them, spending some time with them, consulting them in one's affairs, and trying to keep them happy—these are the emotional and psychological needs of parents, the fulfillment of which is more important than their physical needs. In a hadith, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) has declared that for a child, his parents are either his Paradise or his Hellfire.
(Sunan Ibn Majah, al-Adab, Hadith: 3662)
He also said:
"The father is the middle gate of Paradise; you may either waste this gate or safeguard it."
(Jami‘ al-Tirmidhi, al-Birr wa al-Silah, Hadith: 1900)
Wasting it means that if you disobey him, the gate of Paradise will not open for you, and thus you will lose the gate of Paradise.
Wallahu al-musta‘an (And Allah is the One whose help is sought).

Hadith Commentary:
Among these, shirk (associating partners with Allah) is such a sin that whoever dies without repenting from it will be condemned to Hell forever. Paradise is absolutely forbidden for such a person. Both idol worship and grave worship carry this same punishment. Other sins are such that their perpetrator is subject to Allah’s will—He may punish or forgive as He wills. This subject is mentioned in the noble verse: ﴿إنَّ اﷲَ لَایَغفِرُ أن یُشركَ بهِ الخ﴾.

Hadith Commentary:
Among these sins, shirk (associating partners with Allah) is such a crime that will not be forgiven without repentance. If a person dies without repentance, he will remain in Hell forever, because Paradise is forbidden for the polytheist, as the statement of Allah, the Exalted, is:

“Whoever associates partners with Allah, Allah has forbidden Paradise for him, and his abode is the Fire.” ( al-Ma’idah 5:72)

The same punishment applies to idol worship and grave worship. However, the other crimes mentioned in the hadith are such that their perpetrator is subject to the will of Allah; if He wills, He may forgive them as they are, and if He wills, He may punish and then forgive, as Allah, the Exalted, has stated:

“If anyone associates partners with Allah, Allah will never forgive him, but He forgives anything else for whom He wills.” ( an-Nisa 4:116)

In any case, unlawful killing is a very grave crime; its abhorrence is established from numerous ahadith. For awareness regarding major sins, the study of our compilation “The Deadly Sins of Society” will be beneficial.

Hadith Commentary:
Major sins are many more.
The purpose of the Imam in bringing this narration here is to condemn false testimony, as it is also included among the major sins (kabair), regarding which many other narrations have also been reported.
In fact, lying and giving false testimony have been counted among the gravest of the major sins (akbar al-kabair).
That is, giving false testimony is a very great major sin.

Hadith Commentary:
Vocabulary of the Hadith:

(1)
‘Uquq:
Derived from ‘aq,
which means to cut,
to terminate the right of obedience owed to parents.

(2)
Zoor:
Falsehood,
an unjust statement.

Hadith Commentary: Benefits and Issues:
On account of the context and occasion, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) here declared false testimony, instead of associating partners with Allah (shirk billah), to be among the gravest of the major sins (akbar al-kabair), because the intention was to prohibit and warn against false testimony. In reality, shirk itself is also a false testimony and a false statement. This evil act is committed by disregarding the rank and status of Allah, and His creation is made His partner and equal.

Explanation:
1:
The author of the hadith has cited the divine command:
﴿إِن تَجْتَنِبُواْ كَبَآئِرَ مَا تُنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ﴾ (an-Nisa: 31) in the context of its interpretation.

There are three types of major sins (kabirah):
(1) The gravest of the major sins (akbar al-kabā’ir), such as: shirk (associating partners with Allah) or denial of any definitive religious injunction.
(2) Those by which the rights of the servants (‘ibād) are violated, such as: murder.
(3) Violations concerning the rights of Allah (huqūq Allāh), such as: fornication (zinā) and consumption of intoxicants, etc.

Takhrij:
[صحيح بخاري 6675]

Jurisprudence of the Hadith:
➊ In this hadith, compared to the previous hadith in Mishkat al-Masabih [50], there is an addition of a major sin: "false oath."
➋ The addition by a trustworthy narrator (thiqa) is accepted, as long as it does not contradict the narration of other trustworthy or more trustworthy narrators entirely.
➌ Differences in wording among narrators in authentic (sahih) hadiths are not particularly harmful; rather, all narrations are gathered together and the collective meaning of all the words is taken as the basis for faith and practice.
➍ The absence of mention (of something) is not a definitive proof of its negation; rather, the narration that mentions it is always given preference over all narrations that do not mention it.