سنن سعید بن منصور
Sunan Sa'id
كتاب النكاحBook of Marriage
بَابُ الْعَبْدِ يَتَزَوَّجُ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ سَيِّدِهِ
Chapter: A slave marries without his master's permission
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Hadith 1964
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: «يَنْكِحُ الْعَبْدُ أَرْبَعًا»
Hazrat Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "A slave can contract four marriages."
Hadith 1965
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ، نا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: «يَنْكِحُ الْعَبْدُ اثْنَيْنِ»
Hazrat Ata (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "A slave can contract two marriages."
Hadith 1966
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ، نا هُشَيْمٌ، قَالَ أنا يُونُسُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ «أَنَّ غُلَامًا لَهُ تَزَوَّجَ بِغَيْرِ أَمْرِهِ فَضَرَبَهُمَا الْحَدَّ وَأَخَذَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ كَانَ أَعْطَاهَا وَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا»
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that one of his slaves married without his permission, so he imposed the hadd punishment on both of them, took back whatever the slave had given to his wife, and separated the two.
Hadith 1967
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ: «إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ الْعَبْدُ بِإِذْنِ مَوْلَاهُ فَالطَّلَاقُ بِيَدِ الْعَبْدِ، وَإِذَا تَزَوَّجَ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنٍ مَوْلَاهُ ثُمَّ اطَّلَعَ عَلَيْهِ مَوْلَاهُ، فَأَنْكَرَ تَزْوِيجَهُ يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ امْرَأَتِهِ، وَيَأْخُذُ مَوْلَاهُ مَا وَجَدَ مِنْ مَهْرِهَا بِعَيْنِهِ، وَمَا اسْتَهْلَكَتْهُ فَهُوَ لَهَا، وَإِنْ كَانَ أَحَدٌ غَرَّ الْمَرْأَةَ فَعَلَيْهِ لَهَا مَهْرُ مِثْلِهَا»
Ibrahim al-Nakha'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "If a slave marries with his master's permission, then the right of divorce is in the hands of the slave. And if he marries without permission and the master comes to know of this marriage, then if he rejects it, separation will be made between the slave and his wife. And whatever the master receives from his wife's dowry will be returned to the master, and whatever the woman has already used will become her property. If someone has deceived the woman, then the equivalent dowry will be obligatory upon him."
Hadith 1968
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نا هُشَيْمٌ، أنا يُونُسُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَمُغِيرَةُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَحُصَيْنٌ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا: «إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ مَوْلَاهُ فَالْأَمْرُ إِلَى الْمَوْلَى، إِنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يُجِيزَ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَرُدَّ، وَإِذَا تَزَوَّجَ بِأَمْرِهِ فَالطَّلَاقُ بِيَدِ الْعَبْدِ»
Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him), Ibrahim Nakha'i (may Allah have mercy on him), and Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "If a slave marries without his master's permission, the matter is in the master's hands; if he wishes, he may let the marriage stand, and if he wishes, he may annul it. And if the marriage was with the master's permission, then divorce is in the slave's authority."
Hadith 1969
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نا هُشَيْمٌ، قَالَ: أنا يُونُسُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «إِذَا فَرَّقَ الْمَوْلَى بَيْنَهُمَا، فَلَهَا مَا أَخَذَتْ بِمَا اسْتَحَلَّ مِنْهَا»
Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "If the owner separates the two, then the woman will receive as much as was taken from her in exchange for enjoyment."
Hadith 1970
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نا هُشَيْمٌ، قَالَ: أنا مُغِيرَةُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ: «إِذَا فَرَّقَ الْمَوْلَى بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ وَجَدَ عِنْدَهَا مِنْ عَيْنِ مَالِ غُلَامِهِ فَهُوَ لَهُ، وَمَا اسْتَهْلَكَتْ فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهَا»
Ibrahim Nakha'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "When the owner separates, and the slave's property is still present with the woman in its original form, it will be returned to the owner, and there is no liability for what the woman has already used."
Hadith 1971
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نا هُشَيْمٌ، قَالَ: أنا عُبَيْدَةُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «مَا اسْتَهْلَكَتْ فَهُوَ دَيْنٌ عَلَيْهَا»، قَالَ هُشَيْمٌ: وَهُوَ الْقَوْلُ
Ibrahim al-Nakha'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Whatever a woman has spent, it will be a debt upon her." Hushaym said: "This is the correct opinion."
Hadith 1972
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نا هُشَيْمٌ، أنا ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى، وَالْحَجَّاجُ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَحَجَّاجٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ، وَمُغِيرَةُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَيُونُسُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَحُصَيْنٌ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا: «إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ بِأَمْرِ مَوْلَاهُ فَالطَّلَاقُ بِيَدِهِ، وَإِذَا تَزَوَّجَ بِغَيْرِ أَمْرِهِ فَالْأَمْرُ إِلَى الْمَوْلَى إِنْ شَاءَ جَمَعَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ فَرَّقَ»
Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), Hazrat Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him), Ibrahim Nakha’i (may Allah have mercy on him), Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him), and Hazrat Sha’bi (may Allah have mercy on him) all said: “If a slave marries with the permission of his master, then the right of divorce will be with the slave; and if he marries without permission, then the matter is in the hands of the master—if he wishes, he may keep them together, and if he wishes, he may separate them.”
Hadith 1973
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نا هُشَيْمٌ، أنا خَالِدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، أَنَّ غُلَامًا تَزَوَّجَ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ مَوْلَاهُ فَرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَكَانَ أَصْدَقَهَا خَمْسَ ذَوْدٍ , فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ إِلَيْهِ: «أَنْ أَعْطِهَا ثَلَاثَةً وَخُذْ مِنْهَا اثْنَيْنِ أَوْ أَعْطِهَا اثْنَيْنِ وَخُذْ مِنْهَا ثَلَاثًا»
It is narrated from Ibn Sirin, may Allah have mercy on him: A slave married without the permission of his master, so the matter reached Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, and the slave had set five she-camels as dowry. Sayyiduna Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, wrote: "Give three she-camels to the woman, and take back two, or give two she-camels and take back three."
Hadith 1974
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ، نا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ، قَالَ: «يَجُوزُ طَلَاقُ الْعَبْدِ، وَلَا يَجُوزُ نِكَاحُهُ»
Hazrat Shurayh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The divorce of a slave is permissible, but his marriage (without the permission of the owner) is not permissible."
Hadith 1975
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ، نا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، قَالَ: «إِذَا زَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ أَمَتَهُ عَبْدَهُ فَالطَّلَاقُ بِيَدِ الْعَبْدِ»
Hazrat Saeed bin Jubair (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "When a man marries his slave woman to his slave man, the right of divorce will belong to the slave man."
Hadith 1976
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، قَالَ: «يَنْزِعُهَا مِنْهُ إِنْ شَاءَ بِغَيْرِ طَلَاقٍ»
Hazrat Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "If the master wishes, he can separate the slave and his wife without divorce."
Hadith 1977
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نا هُشَيْمٌ، قَالَ: أنا مَنْصُورٌ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «الْأَمْرُ إِلَى الْمَوْلَى أَذِنَ لَهُ، أَوْ لَمْ يَأْذَنْ لَهُ»، وَيَتْلُو هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ {ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ} [النحل: 75]
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) said: "The matter of the slave is in the hand of his master, whether the master has given permission or not." Then he recited this verse: «ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ» (An-Nahl: 75).
Hadith 1978
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ: «كَانُوا يُكْرِهُونَ الْمَمْلُوكَ عَلَى النِّكَاحِ وَيُدْلُونَهُ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ الثَّيِّبِ ثُمَّ يُغْلِقُونَ عَلَيْهِمَا الْبَابَ»
Ibrahim Nakha'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "People used to force a slave into marriage, seat him with a widow, and then lock the door on both of them."
Hadith 1979
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نا خَالِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي الْعَبْدِ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ مَوَالِيهِ، قَالَ: «فَالطَّلَاقُ بِيَدِ الْمَوْلَى، إِنْ شَاءَ أَجَازَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ رَدَّ، وَلِلْمَوْلَى مَا وَجَدَ مِنْ عَيْنِ مَالِهِ»
Ibrahim al-Nakha'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "When a slave marries without the permission of his master, then divorce is in the hand of the master, whether he keeps the marriage or annuls it, and the master has the right to take back whatever he finds exactly as it is from the slave's property."
Hadith 1980
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نا خَالِدٌ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي الْعَبْدِ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ بِإِذْنِ مَوَالِيهِ قَالَ: «الطَّلَاقُ بِيَدِ الْعَبْدِ»
Ibrahim Nakha'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "If a slave marries with the permission of his master, then the right of divorce will be in the hands of the slave."
Hadith 1981
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نا خَالِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً وَلَمْ يُسَمِّ لَهَا صَدَاقًا، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهَا شَيْئًا فَقَبِلَتْهُ، فَدَخَلَ بِهَا، ثُمَّ طَلَبَتْ صَدَاقَهَا قَالَ: «لَيْسَ ذَاكَ لَهَا إِنْ كَانَ دَخَلَ بِهَا وَرَضِيَتْ»
Ibrahim Nakha'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "If a man marries a woman and does not specify a dowry, then gives her a gift and the woman accepts it, and consummation takes place, then if the woman later demands the dowry, her demand is not valid if she has already been pleased (with what was given)."
Hadith 1982
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، ثنا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: «إِذَا أَذِنَ السَّيِّدُ فِي النِّكَاحِ فَالطَّلَاقُ بِيَدِ الْعَبْدِ»
Ibrahim Nakha'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "If the master grants permission for marriage, then the slave will have the right to divorce."
Hadith 1983
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ، نا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَعْبَدٍ، أَنَّ غُلَامًا لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: " رَاجِعْهَا. فَأَبَى، فَقَالَ: هِيَ لَكَ اسْتَحِلَّهَا بِمِلْكِ الْيَمِينِ "
The servant of Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) gave his wife two divorces. Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: "Take her back." He refused, so he said: "Now make her lawful for yourself by right of ownership."
Hadith 1984
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: " لَيْسَ لِلْعَبْدِ طَلَاقٌ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ سَيِّدِهِ. قَالَ: وَذَكَرَ: {ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ} [النحل: 75]
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: "A slave does not have the right to divorce without the permission of his master." Then he recited this verse: «ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ» [النحل: 75].
Hadith 1985
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نا هُشَيْمٌ، قَالَ: أنا الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، قَالَ: «أَهْلُ الْحِجَازِ أَوْ بَعْضُهُمْ لَا يَرَوْنَ لِلْمَمْلُوكِ تَزْوِيجًا وَلَا طَلَاقًا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ مَوْلَاهُ»
Hazrat Sa'id bin Jubair (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "According to the people of Hijaz or some of them, the marriage and divorce of a slave are not valid without the permission of the master."
Hadith 1986
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَأْذَنُ لِعَبْدٍ فِي التَّزْوِيجِ، بِيَدِ مَنِ الطَّلَاقُ؟ قَالَ: بِيَدِ الَّذِي نَكَحَ. قُلْتُ لَهُ: فَإِنَّ جَابِرَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ يَقُولُ: بِيَدِ السَّيِّدِ؟ قَالَ: كَذَبَ جَابِرٌ
Ayyub (may Allah have mercy on him) says that I asked Sa'id bin Jubair (may Allah have mercy on him) about the divorce of a slave, so he said: "Divorce is in the hand of the one who performed the marriage." I said: Jabir bin Zaid says it is in the hand of the master. He said: "Jabir is wrong."
