سنن سعید بن منصور
Sunan Sa'id
كتاب التفسيرBook of Tafsir (Quranic Exegesis)
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {إِنَّ اللهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الأَمَانَاتِ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا وَإِذَا حَكَمْتُمْ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ أَنْ تَحْكُمُوا بِالْعَدْلِ إِنَّ اللهَ نِعِمَّا يَعِظُكُمْ بِهِ إِنَّ اللهَ كَانَ سَمِيعًا بَصِيرًا * يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَطِيعُوا اللهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِي الأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنْ تَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى اللهِ وَالرَّسُولِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ ذَلِكَ خَيْرٌ وَأَحْسَنُ تَأْوِيلا} .
His (Allah's) saying: {Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due and when you judge between people to judge with justice. Excellent is that which Allah instructs you. Indeed, Allah is ever Hearing and Seeing. O you who have believed, obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you. And if you disagree over anything, refer it to Allah and the Messenger, if you should believe in Allah and the Last Day. That is the best [way] and best in result}
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Hadith 651
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نَا مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، قَالَ: نَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، قَالَ: نَا مُصْعَبُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ كَلِمَاتٍ أَصَابَ فِيهِنَّ: حَقٌّ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَحْكُمَ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَأَنْ يُؤَدِّيَ الْأَمَانَةَ، فَإِذَا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فَحَقٌّ عَلَى النَّاسِ أَنْ يَسْمَعُوا لَهُ، وَأَنْ يُطِيعُوا، وَأَنْ يُجِيبُوا إِذَا دُعُوا .
Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said a few words which are upon the truth: It is obligatory upon the Imam to judge according to the command that Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, has revealed and to fulfill the trust. Then, when he does this, it is obligatory upon the people to listen to him, obey him, and when called, to respond with "Labbayk" (Here I am).
Hadith 652
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: { أَطِيعُوا اللهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِي الأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ } قَالَ: هُمُ الْأُمَرَاءُ .
Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) said in the explanation of Allah the Exalted’s statement: ﴿أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ﴾: By this is meant the rulers.
Hadith 653
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: هُمُ الْفُقَهَاءُ وَالْعُلَمَاءُ
Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him) said in the explanation of Allah the Exalted’s statement: “and those in authority among you” (__QUR_N__), that what is meant by this are the jurists and scholars.
Hadith 654
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نَا هُشَيْمٌ، قَالَ: نَا مَنْصُورٌ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ .
Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) said in the explanation of the verse ﴿وَأُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ﴾: What is meant are both the rulers and the people of knowledge.
Hadith 655
وَأَبْنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَا: أُولِي الْفِقْهِ وَالْعِلْمِ .
Ibn Abdul Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) and Ata (may Allah have mercy on them both) said: By ﴿أُولِي الْأَمْرِ﴾ is meant the people of jurisprudence and knowledge.
Hadith 656
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا، عَنْ لَيْثٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: أُولِي الْفِقْهِ وَالْعِلْمِ { فَإِنْ تَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى اللهِ وَالرَّسُولِ } قَالَ: إِلَى كِتَابِ اللهِ، وَإِلَى { الرَّسُولَ } قَالَ: إِلَى سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ: { وَلَوْ رَدُّوهُ إِلَى الرَّسُولِ وَإِلَى أُولِي الأَمْرِ مِنْهُمْ لَعَلِمَهُ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَنْبِطُونَهُ مِنْهُمْ } .
Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him) said: By "those in authority" are meant the people of jurisprudence and knowledge. And regarding the statement of Allah the Exalted: "If you disagree about anything, refer it to Allah and the Messenger," he said: "Allah" means the Book of Allah, and "Messenger" means the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Then he recited this verse: "And if they had referred it to the Messenger and to those in authority among them, those who can draw correct conclusions from it would have known about it."
Hadith 657
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ أَبَانَ، قَالَ: سُئِلَ عِكْرِمَةُ، عَنْ أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ فَقَالَ: هُنَّ أَحْرَارٌ، قِيلَ لَهُ: بِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ تَقُولُهُ ؟ قَالَ: بِالْقُرْآنِ، قَالُوا: بِمَاذَا مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ ؟ قَالَ: قَوْلُ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: { أَطِيعُوا اللهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِي الأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ } وَكَانَ عُمَرُ مِنْ أُولِي الْأَمْرِ، قَالَ: أُعْتِقَتْ وَإِنْ كَانَ سِقْطًا .
Ikrimah, may Allah have mercy on him, was asked about «امہات الأولاد», so he replied: They are free. He was asked: On what basis do you say this? He replied: On the basis of the Qur'an. It was said: Where in the Qur'an? He replied: The statement of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic: ﴿Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you﴾, and our master Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, was among those in authority, and he commanded that they are free, even if the child born is stillborn.
Hadith 658
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَبِيدَةَ قَالَ: خَطَبَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ: شَاوَرَنِي عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي الْأُمَّهَاتِ، فَرَأَيْتُ أَنَا وَعُمَرُ أَنْ أَعْتَقَهُنَّ، فَقَضَى بِهِ عُمَرُ حَيَاتَهُ، وَعُثْمَانُ حَيَاتَهُ، فَلَمَّا وَلِيتُ رَأَيْتُ أَنْ أُرِقَّهُنَّ، قَالَ عُبَيْدَةُ: فَرَأْيُ عُمْرَ وَعَلِيٍّ فِي الْجَمَاعَةِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ رَأْيِ عَلِيٍّ وَحْدَهُ .
Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) consulted me regarding the mothers of children (ummhat al-awlad), so both my and Umar's opinion was that they should be set free, and Umar gave judgment on this during his lifetime, and Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) also acted upon this during his lifetime. But when I became the caliph, my inclination was towards keeping them as slaves. So Ubaidah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The collective decision of Umar and Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both) is more beloved to me than the individual opinion of Ali.
