سنن سعید بن منصور
Sunan Sa'id
كتاب التفسيرBook of Tafsir (Quranic Exegesis)
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالأُنْثَى بِالأُنْثَى فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ}
His saying, Exalted is He: {O you who have believed, prescribed for you is legal retribution for those murdered—the free for the free, the slave for the slave, and the female for the female. But whoever overlooks from his brother anything, then there should be a suitable follow-up and payment to him with good conduct. This is an alleviation from your Lord and a mercy. But whoever transgresses after that will have a painful punishment.}
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Hadith 246
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مُجَاهِدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: كُتِبَ عَلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِمُ الْعَفْوُ، فَقَالَ اللهُ لِهَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ: { كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالأُنْثَى بِالأُنْثَى فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ } فَالْعَفْوُ أَنْ يَقْبَلَ الدِّيَةَ فِي الْعَمْدِ، { ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ } قَالَ: تَخْفِيفٌ مِمَّا كَتَبَ عَلَى مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ، { فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ } وَقَالَ: يَتَّبِعُ هَذَا الْمَعْرُوفَ، وَيُؤَدِّي إِلَيْهِ هَذَا بِإِحْسَانٍ .
Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Qisas (retaliation) for murder was made obligatory upon the Children of Israel, and there was no command for pardon among them. Then Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, said to this Ummah: ﴿Prescribed for you is legal retribution for those murdered—the free for the free, the slave for the slave, and the female for the female. But if any remission is made by the brother of the slain, then grant any reasonable demand and pay with good conduct.﴾ That is, qisas is obligatory, but the option of pardon has also been given, and pardon is that instead of taking qisas from the killer, blood money is accepted. «ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ» That is, compared to what was commanded to those before you, this is a concession from your Lord. «فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ» That is, the one who takes the blood money should demand it in a reasonable manner, and the one who pays should do so with kindness.
